Guidelines for the Load and Resistance Factor Design and Rating of Riveted and Bolted Gusset-Plate Connections for Steel Bridges (2013)

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152 REFERENCES 1 National Transportation Safety Board, “Collapse of I-35W Highway Bridge, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1, 2007,” Highway Accident Report NTSB/HAR-08/03. Washington, D.C., 2008. 2 Holt, R. and Hartmann, J., “Adequacy of the U10 Gusset Plate Design for the Minnesota Bridge No. 9340 (I-35W Over the Mississippi River),” Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Report, Oct. 2008. 3 Technical Advisory, “Load-Carrying Capacity Considerations of Gusset Plates in Non- Load-Path redundant Steel Truss Bridges,” TA No. T 5140.29, Federal Highway Administration, Jan. 15, 2008. 4 Ibrahim, F.I.S., “Load Rating Guidance and Examples for Bolted and Riveted Gusset Plates in Truss Bridges,” Federal Highway Administration Publication No. FHWA-IF-09- 014, Washington, D.C., February 2009. 5 Yamamoto, K., Akiyama, N., and Okumura, T., “Elastic Analysis of Gusseted Truss Joints,” Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 111, No. 12, pp. 2545-2564, December 1985. 6 Yamamoto, K., Akiyama, N. and Okumura, T. "Buckling Strength of Gusseted Truss Joints." Journal of Structural Engineering 114(3), pp. 575‐590, 1988. 7 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, Fifth Edition, Washington, D.C., 2010. 8 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, The Manual for Bridge Evaluation, Second Edition, Washington, D.C., 2011. 9 Whitmore, R.E., “Experimental Investigation of Stresses in Gusset Plates,” Bulletin No. 16, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Tennessee, May 1952. 10 Kulak, G.L., Fisher, J.W., and Struik, J.H.A., “Guide to Design Criteria for Bolted and Riveted Joints – 2nd Ed.,” American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL, 2001. 11 Richard, R. M., Rabern, D. A., Hormby, D. E., and Williams, G. C., “Analytical Models for Steel Connections,” Behavior of Metal Structures, Proceedings of the W.H. Munse Symposium, Edited by W. J. Hall and M. P. Gaus, American Society of Civil Engineers, May 17, 1983. 12 Cai, Q. and Driver, R.G. “Performance of the Unified Block Shear Equation for Atypical Failure Paths,” Proceedings, Connections VI, 2008. 13 Brown, V.L.S., “Stability of Gusseted Connections in Steel Structures,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Delaware, 1988. (Eugene Chesson, Advisor).

153 14 Huckelbridge, A.A., Jr., Palmer, D.A., and Snyder, R.E., “Grand Gusset Failure,” Civil Engineering, Sept. 1997, pg. 50. 15 Prucz, Z. and Kulicki, J.M., “Accounting for Effects of Corrosion Section Loss in Steel Bridges,” Transportation Research Record 1624, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1998, pp. 101-109. 16 Mentes, Y.; “Analytical and Experimental Assessment of Steel Truss Bridge Gusset Plate Connections,” PhD Dissertation, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, December 2011. 17 Ocel, J. M., and Wright, W. J., “Finite Element Modeling of I-35W Bridge Collapse – Final Report,” Federal Highway Administration Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Report, McLean, VA, 2008. 18 Simulia, “Abaqus Analysis User Manual, Version 6.8.” Providence, RI, 2008. 19 American Welding Society, AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2010 Bridge Welding Code, Miami, FL, 2010. 20 Roeder, C.W., Leon, R.Y., and Preece, F.R., “Strength, Stiffness, and Ductility of Older Steel Structures under Seismic Loading,” Report SGEM 94-4, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 1994. 21 Ellingwood, B., Galambos, T. V., MacGregor, J. G., and Cornell, C. A., “Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58,” National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 577, June 1980. 22 Nowak, A. S. and Collins, K. R., Reliability of Structures, Second Edition, CRC Press, 2012. 23 Higgins, C., Hafner, A., Turan, T., and Schumacher, T., “Experimental Tests of Gusset Plate Connections with Sway-Buckling Response,” submitted to the ASCE Journal of Bridge Engineering, in review. 24 Kulicki, J. M. and Reiner, B. M., “Chapter 13 – Truss Bridges, Structural Steel Designer’s Handbook, 5th Edition edited by Roger Brockenbrough and Frederick Merritt, McGraw- Hill Professional, 2011. 25 Huns, B. S., Grondin, G. Y., and Driver, R. G., “Tension and Shear Block Failure of Bolted Gusset Plates,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 33, pp. 395-408, 2006. 26 Astaneh-Asl, A., “Gusset Plates in Steel Bridges – Design and Evaluation,” Steel Tips #107, Structural Steel Education Council (www.steeltips.org), April 2010. 27 Personal communication with Bala Sivakumar, 27 September 2010.

154 28 American Institute of Steel Construction, Edited by Herbert W. Ferris, “Historical Record – Dimensions and Properties – Rolled Shapes, as rolled in USA, Period 1873 to 1952, 1953. 29 Personal communication with Firas Ibrahim, 16 September 2010. 30 DeJonge, A.E.R., “Riveted Joints: A Critical Review of the Literature Covering their Development,” American Association of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1945. 31 Fisher, J.W. , and Beedle, L.S., “Bibliography on Bolted and Riveted Structural Joints,” Report No. 302.1, Fritz Engineering Laboratory, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA., 1964. 32 Fisher, J.W., Kormanik, R., and Allan, R.N., “Supplement to the Bibliography on Bolted and Riveted Joints,” Report No. 302.1, Fritz Engineering Laboratory, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA., 1966. 33 Government Board of Engineers, The Quebec Bridge, Vol. 1, Department of Railways and Canals, Ottawa, 1919. 34 Hechtman, R. A., A Study of the Effects of Heating and Driving Conditions on Hot-Driven Structural Steel Rivets, Ph. D. thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 1948. 35 Munse, W.H., “Fifty Years of Riveted, Bolted, and Welded Steel Construction,” J. of Construction Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, September, 1976, Vol. 102, CO3, pp. 437-447, 1976. 36 Munse, W. H., and Cox, H. L., "The Static Strength of Rivets Subjected to Combined Tension and Shear," Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 437, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL., 1956. 37 Wilson, W. M., and Oliver, W. A., "Tension Tests of Rivets," University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 210, Urbana, IL., 1930. 38 American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association, “Tests of Riveted Joints,” Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Convention of the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association, Chicago, IL, pp. 272-420, March 21- 23, 1905. 39 Bendigo, R. A. and Rumpf, J. L., “Static Tension Tests of Long Bolted Joints,” Fritz Laboratory Report No. 271.8, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 1960. 40 Davis, R. E. and Woodruff, G. B., “Tension Tests of Large Riveted Joints,” Transaction of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 105, pp.1193-1299, 1940. 41 Dlugosz, St. W., “Static Tension Tests of Long Riveted Joints,” Master’s Thesis of Lehigh University, June 1962.

155 42 Fuller, J. R., Leahey, T. F., and Munse, W. H., “Static Tensile Tests of Large I-Section Connections,” University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1954. 43 Rivera, U. and Fisher, J. W., “Load Partition and Ultimate Strength of Shingle Joints,” Fritz Engineering Laboratory Report No. 340.6, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 1970. 44 Talbot, A. N. and Moore, H. F., “Tests of Nickel-Steel Riveted Joints,” Bulletin No. 49, University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1911. 45 Watertown Arsenal, “Remarks on Riveted Joints,” Report of the Tests of Metal and Other Materials for Industrial Purposes, pp. 9-141, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1882. 46 Watertown Arsenal, “Tensile Tests of Riveted Joints,” Report of the Tests of Metal and Other Materials for Industrial Purposes, pp. 710-943, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1885. 47 Watertown Arsenal, “Single Riveted Butt-Joints, Steel Plate,” Report of the Tests of Metal and Other Materials for Industrial Purposes, Part II, pp. 1263-1828, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1886. 48 Watertown Arsenal, “Riveted Joints,” Report of the Tests of Metal and Other Materials for Industrial Purposes, Part II, pp. 882-923, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1887. 49 Watertown Arsenal, “Riveted Joints,” Report of the Tests of Metal and Other Materials for Industrial Purposes, pp. 445-589, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1891. 50 Watertown Arsenal, “Riveted Joints,” Report of the Tests of Metal and Other Materials for Industrial Purposes, pp. 247-339, Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1896. 51 Wilson, W. M. and Thomas, F. P., “Fatigue Tests of Riveted Joints,” University of Illinois Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 302, Urbana, IL, 1938. 52 Yoshida, N. and Fisher, J. W., “Large Shingle Splices that Simulate Bridge Joints,” Fritz Engineering Laboratory Report No. 340.2, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 1968. 53 Tide, R.H.R., “Bolt Shear Design Considerations,” Engineering Journal, Vol. 47, No. 1, (1st Qtr.), American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL, 2010. 54 Kulicki, J. M, Prucz, Z., Clancy, C. M., Mertz, D. R., and Nowak, A. S.; “Updating the Calibration Report for AASHTO LRFD Code,” Final Report for NCHRP Project 20- 07/186, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 2007. 55 Nowak, A.S., NCHRP Report 368: Calibration of LRFD Bridge Design Code, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1999.

156 56 American Institute of Steel Construction; “Steel Construction Manual, Thirteenth Edition,” American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL, 2008. 57 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 4th Edition, Washington, D.C., 2007. 58 Moore, A. M., Rassati, G. A., and Swanson, J, A., “Evaluation of the Current Resistance Factors for High-Strength Bolts,” Report to Research Council on Structural Connections, January 2008.