High Performance Concrete Specifications and Practices for Bridges (2013)

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41 Appendix A Survey Questionnaire The following survey for this synthesis was mailed in January 2012 to 50 U.S. state highway agencies and the District of Columbia to collect information about their specifications and practices for high performance concrete. Forty-two responses were received. Synthesis Survey Topic 43-02 High Performance Concrete Specifications and Practices for Bridges 1. INTRODUCTION KEY DEFINITION: For the purpose of this survey, high performance concrete (HPC) does not include ultra-high performance concrete—a cementitious-based composite material with fiber reinforcement and having a compressive strength greater than 20 ksi. Please enter the date (MM/DD/YYYY). _______________________________ Please enter your contact information. First Name ______________________________________ Last Name ______________________________________ Title ___________________________________________ Agency/Organization ______________________________ Street Address ___________________________________ Suite ___________________________________________ City ___________________________________________ State ___________________________________________ Zip Code __________________________________ Country ________________________________________ E-mail Address ___________________________________ Phone Number ___________________________________ Fax Number _____________________________________ Mobile Phone ____________________________________ URL ___________________________________________ 2. GENERAL Does your agency have a definition (formal or otherwise) for high performance concrete (HPC)? ( ) Yes ( ) No If yes, please provide the definition. How does your agency specify HPC? Select only one. ( ) Standard specifications only ( ) Special provisions for all projects ( ) Special provisions for specific projects ( ) Combination of standard specifications and special provisions for all projects ( ) Combination of standard specifications and special provisions for specific projects Are your agency’s standard specifications for HPC prescriptive, performance-based, or a combination? ( ) Not applicable ( ) Prescriptive ( ) Performance ( ) Combination 1. 2. 3.

42 Are your agency’s special provisions for HPC prescriptive, performance-based, or a combination? ( ) Not applicable ( ) Prescriptive ( ) Performance ( ) Combination In general, how is your agency’s HPC performing compared to conventional concrete? Worse Same Better Not Applicable Cast-in-place concrete Precast concrete decks Precast concrete girders What performance issues with HPC has your agency identified? Issue Cast-in-place concrete Precast concrete decks Precast concrete girders What specifications and practices has your agency used that resulted in improved concrete performance? What specifications and practices has your agency used that were unsuccessful? What is the basis for this assessment? What lessons has your agency learned about the implementation of HPC? Specific case studies would be useful for the synthesis. Please list any reports or attach files in Question 35. 3. CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE 10. Has your agency implemented high performance concrete in cast-in-place bridge decks? ( ) Yes. Go to next question. ( ) No. If no, why not? After completing this question, go to Section 4. 11. In your agency’s performance specifications, which of the following characteristics are currently specified for cast-in- place concrete bridge decks? Check all that apply. [ ] Not applicable [ ] Permeability [ ] Freeze-thaw resistance [ ] Deicer scaling [ ] Abrasion resistance [ ] Workability [ ] ASR resistance [ ] Sulfate resistance [ ] Compressive strength [ ] Modulus of elasticity [ ] Creep [ ] Shrinkage [ ] Other If other, please list. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

43 12. In your agency’s prescriptive specifications, which of the following characteristics are currently considered in developing the specifications for cast-in-place concrete bridge decks? Check all that apply. [ ] Not applicable [ ] Permeability [ ] Freeze-thaw resistance [ ] Deicer scaling [ ] Abrasion resistance [ ] Workability [ ] ASR resistance [ ] Sulfate resistance [ ] Compressive strength [ ] Modulus of elasticity [ ] Creep [ ] Shrinkage [ ] Other If other, please list. 13. What strategies does your agency currently use to minimize cracking in cast-in-place concrete bridge decks? Yes No None Specify minimum cementitious materials content Specify maximum cementitious materials content Specify minimum concrete compressive strength Specify maximum concrete compressive strength Specify a ratio between 7- and 28-day compressive strength Specify minimum concrete temperature at placement Specify maximum concrete temperature at placement Specify maximum concrete temperature during curing Specify maximum water-cementitious materials ratio Specify maximum slump Specify maximum water content Require use of the ACI surface evaporation nomograph Require wind breaks during concrete placement Require evaporation retardants Require fogging during placement when evaporation rates are high Other If other, please list. What strategies to minimize cracking in cast-in-place concrete bridge decks have been most effective? What strategies to minimize cracking in cast-in-place concrete bridge decks have been least effective? 14. What is the frequency of use of the following supplementary cementitious materials in your agency’s cast-in-place concrete bridge decks? None 1 to 33% 34 to 67% 68 to 100% Fly ash Class C Fly ash Class F Pozzolan Class N Silica fume Ground-granulated blast- furnace slag Other If other, please list.

44 What is the frequency of use of the following admixtures for cast-in-place concrete bridge decks? None 1 to 33% 34 to 67% 68 to 100% AASHTO M 194 Type A—Water-reducing admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type B—Retarding admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type C—Accelerating admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type D—Water-reducing and retarding admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type E—Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type F—High range water-reducing admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type G—High range water-reducing and retarding admixtures Corrosion inhibitors Shrinkage reducing admixtures Expansive components What length of wet curing does your agency currently specify for cast-in-place concrete bridge decks? None 3 days 7 days 14 days Other Check only one If none, what method is used? If other, state how long. What practices or tests, if any, does your agency currently use for acceptance of a new HPC mixture for concrete bridge decks? Does your agency conduct tests of the hardened cast-in-place concrete to check end-product performance other than compressive strength? ( ) Routinely ( ) Sometimes ( ) Never If routinely or sometimes, what tests are performed? What are your agency’s current practices to evaluate short- and long-term performance of HPC in bridge decks? 4. PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE Has your agency implemented high performance concrete in precast, prestressed concrete components? ( ) Yes. Go to next question. ( ) No. If no, why not? After completing this question, go to Section 5. In your agency’s performance specifications, which of the following characteristics are currently specified for precast, prestressed concrete beams and deck panels? Check all that apply. Precast Beams Precast Panels Not applicable Permeability Freeze-thaw resistance Deicer scaling Abrasion resistance Workability ASR resistance Sulfate resistance 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

45 Compressive strength > 6.0 ksi Modulus of elasticity Creep Shrinkage Other If other, please list. In your agency’s prescriptive specifications, which of the following characteristics are currently considered in developing the specifications for precast, prestressed concrete beams and deck panels? Check all that apply. Precast Beams Precast Panels Not applicable Permeability Freeze-thaw resistance Deicer scaling Abrasion resistance Workability ASR resistance Sulfate resistance Compressive strength > 6.0 ksi Modulus of elasticity Creep Shrinkage Other If other, please list. What is the frequency of use of the following supplementary cementitious materials in your agency’s precast, prestressed concrete beams? None 1 to 33% 34 to 67% 68 to 100% Fly ash Class C Fly ash Class F Pozzolan Class N Silica fume Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag Other If other, please list. What is the frequency of use of the following supplementary cementitious materials in your agency’s precast, prestressed concrete deck panels? None 1 to 33% 34 to 67% 68 to 100% Fly ash Class C Fly ash Class F Pozzolan Class N Silica fume Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag Other If other, please list. 22. 23. 24.

46 What is the frequency of use of the following admixtures for precast, prestressed concrete bridge beams? None 1 to 33% 34 to 67% 68 to 100% AASHTO M 194 Type A—Water-reducing admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type B—Retarding admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type C—Accelerating admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type D—Water-reducing and retarding admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type E—Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type F—High range water-reducing admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type G—High range water-reducing and retarding admixtures Corrosion inhibitors Shrinkage reducing admixtures Expansive components What is the frequency of use of the following admixtures for precast, prestressed concrete deck panels? None 1 to 33% 34 to 67% 68 to 100% AASHTO M 194 Type A—Water-reducing admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type B—Retarding admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type C—Accelerating admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type D—Water-reducing and retarding admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type E—Water-reducing and accelerating admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type F—High range water-reducing admixtures AASHTO M 194 Type G—High range water-reducing and retarding admixtures Corrosion inhibitors Shrinkage reducing admixtures Expansive components What curing, if any, of precast, prestressed components is currently specified after they are removed from the casting bed? What practices or tests, if any, does your agency currently use for acceptance of a new HPC mixture for precast, prestressed concrete components? Does your agency conduct tests of the hardened precast, prestressed concrete to check end-product performance other than compressive strength? ( ) Routinely ( ) Sometimes ( ) Never If routinely or sometimes, what tests are performed? What are your agency’s current practices to evaluate short- and long-term performance of HPC in precast, prestressed components? 5. RESEARCH Please list any research in progress by your agency related to HPC. Please list any recommendations for future research needs related to HPC. Please list any agency research reports that document the performance of HPC in bridges and are available to be referenced in this synthesis. Please provide links or upload files in Question 35. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

47 34. Are you willing to answer follow-up questions for this synthesis? ( ) Yes ( ) No If no, is there an alternative contact? ( ) Yes ( ) No If yes, please provide contact information. 6. UPLOAD FILES 35. This question may be used to upload up to five relevant files (up to 10 megabytes per file). Additional files may be e-mailed to Henry Russell at henry@hgrconcrete.com. 7. REVIEW You may now review your answers and download a pdf version at the bottom of the page. 8. THANK YOU! Thank you for taking our survey. Your response is very important to us. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact Henry Russell at: • E-mail: henry@hgrconcrete.com • Phone: 847-998-9137 • Mailing Address: 720 Coronet Road, Glenview, IL 60025