Strategic Approaches at the Corridor and Network Level to Minimize Disruption from the Renewal Process (2013)

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41 A p p e n d i x A Corridor and network Analysis Techniques publications Akyildiz, S. Development of New Network-Level Optimiza- tion Model for Salem District Pavement Maintenance Pro- gramming. Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 2008. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/ available/etd-08282008-121858/unrestricted/Sercan_ Akyildiz_Thesis.pdf Relevance: High Description: This thesis presents the development and imple- mentation of a network-level pavement maintenance optimi- zation model which can be used by maintenance managers as a decision-making tool to address the maintenance budget allocation issue. Anastasopoulos, P., S. Labi, and B. McCullouch. Identifying the Appropriate Contract Types for Highway Maintenance and Rehabilitation Projects on the Basis of Project Character- istics. Source Data: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2009 Paper #09-2203. 2009. Relevance: High Description: In this study, highway project data from the U.S.A. and abroad are analyzed using simultaneous equation models for the traditional and innovative contract types. These models are estimated by three-stage least squares while duly accounting for the interrelationships between contract duration, length and cost. The results suggest that a number of factors significantly affect the contract characteristics, such as the number of different maintenance activities incorpo- rated in the contract, contract duration, length, and cost, and the asset type that is being preserved or maintained. Aultman, S., and A. Lari. Advanced Acquisition of Right-of- Way: Best Practices and Corridor Case Studies. 2009. http:// conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/48936/1/Sara%20Break iron%20Aultman.pdf Relevance: Low Description: This study documents MnDOT’s current advanced acquisition practices and investigates the apprecia- tion rates of parcels adjacent to transportation corridors. The corridor case studies showed that the effect of being adjacent to a transportation corridor is heterogeneous across the three corridors studied. Bakó, A., and K. Ambrus-Somogyi. Maintenance and Reha- bilitation Systems of Infrastructures Management. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica. 2005. http://bmf.hu/journal/ Bako_4.pdf Relevance: High Description: The paper briefly discusses some elements (moni- toring of trial sections, asset value calculation) and several models (urban and motorway PMS, network level, multi-stage highway PMS, BMS). The formal construction of a combined PMS-BMS system is also presented where Markovian type deterioration process is supported and can be solved by Linear Programming. Berkow, M., C. Monsere, P. Koonce, R. Bertini, and M. Wolfe. Prototype for Data Fusion Using Stationary and Mobile Data: Sources for Improved Arterial Performance Measure- ment Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2099. 2009. Relevance: Moderate Description: This paper describes the results of a case study from Portland, Oregon, that extracted improved arterial per- formance measures by combining data from traffic signal system detectors and from buses acting as probe vehicles. The paper includes recommendations for expanding the tech- niques to other corridors, using higher resolution, real-time Detailed Literature Review

42 transit location data, and online implementation of an arte- rial travel time information system. Chen, X., J. Weissmann, T. Dossey, and W. R. Hudson. URMS: A Graphical Urban Roadway Management System At Network Level. TRR. 1993. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view .aspx?id383230 Relevance: High Description: The objective of the system is to assist in schedul- ing maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects at the net- work level. URMS works in graphics mode and is characterized by simplicity, flexibility, and user-friendliness. In URMS, man- agement sections can be composed of one or more street blocks. Pavement condition index, which is derived from seven types of distress, is the main calculation variable used in the system. Other evaluation indexes include pavement age, mixed average daily traffic, and truck average daily traffic. Chootinan, P., A. Chen, M. Horrocks, and D. Bolling. A Multi- Year Pavement Maintenance Program Using a Stochastic Simulation-Based Genetic Algorithm Approach. Transporta- tion Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2006. www.science direct.com/science?_obArticleURL&_udiB6VG7- 4J4B94S-2&_user10&_rdoc1&_fmt&_origsearch&_ s o r t d & _ d o c a n c h o r & v i e w c & _ s e a r c h S t r I d 1 0 5 0 5 3 0 5 6 2 & _ r e r u n O r i g i n g o o g l e & _ acctC000050221&_version1&_urlVersion0&_userid 10&md5e2320588c2336156bcacf09acd90df54 Relevance: High Description: The objective of this paper is to introduce a multi-year pavement maintenance programming methodol- ogy that can explicitly account for uncertainty in pavement deterioration. This is accomplished with the development of a simulation-based genetic algorithm (GA) approach that is capable of planning the maintenance activities over a multi- year planning period. FHWA. Summary of Case Study Experience. 2004. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/publications/mitig_traf_cong/sum_experience .htm Relevance: High Description: Transportation Corridor Planning and Construc- tion Mitigation case studies. Florida DOT. Analysis of Work Zone MOT Data Collection and Usage Procedures. 2002. www.dot.state.fl.us/research-Center/ Completed_Proj/Summary_CN/FDOT_BC395_rpt.pdf Relevance: Low Description: The goal of the research described herein was to identify and correct deficiencies in the collection and use of maintenance of traffic data for construction work zones, includ- ing revising the current MOT accident report form. Current FDOT construction office procedures for collecting and utiliz- ing data on maintenance of traffic, vehicular crashes and inci- dents in work zones were studied. Based on this study and the data collection procedures followed by other states, a new paper form was developed. To overcome limitations in the current procedures, the entire system was computerized and a client-server database and web-based data entry forms were developed. Gaspar, L., Jr. Compilation of First Hungarian Network-Level Pavement Management System. TRR. 1994. http://pub sindex .trb.org/view.aspx?id424728 Relevance: High Description: The first Hungarian network-level pavement management system relies on Markov transition probability matrices. A combined condition parameter is applied taking into consideration the bearing capacity, the unevenness, and the surface quality scores. The matrix variables are pavement type, traffic volume, and intervention variants. The system can be used to calculate the funds needed for highways at various condition levels, for the regional distribution of given amounts of money at a minimum cost to the national econ- omy, and for the determination of the economic and tech- nical consequences of subsequent modifications in funds distribution. Several trial runs have proved the practicability of the system. George, K. P., W. Uddin, P. J. Ferguson, A. B. Crawley, and A. R. Shekharan. Maintenance Planning Methodology for Statewide Pavement Management. TRR. 1994. http:// pub sindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id424741 Relevance: Moderate Description: Four major subsystems are identified: (a) a pave - ment management system inventory and monitoring data base, (b) condition data analysis accomplished through inter- face program, (c) a maintenance, planning, and budgeting (MPB) program, and (d) a priority ranking of rehabilitation projects. Gerke, R. J., C. M. Dewald, and R. Gerbrandt. Use of Highway Network Level Data for a Project Level Life Cycle Analysis. 1998 Transportation Conference Proceedings. 1998. www .ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/crossroads/135use.pdf Relevance: High Description: The subject of this paper covers a project that was successfully commenced in 1997 and completed in 1998. This paper discusses the development of a method to use net- work level PMS data for a project level life cycle costing analy- sis. The method was successfully applied to a variety of road

43 conditions and structures that make up the primary highway network in Saskatchewan, Canada. Golabi, K., and P. Pereira. Innovative Pavement Management and Planning System for Road Network of Portugal. ASCE. 2003. http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?0301569 Relevance: Moderate Description: In this paper, the writers discuss the develop- ment of a comprehensive pavement management system and its implementation in Portugal. Lee, E.-B. Construction Productivity Analysis for Asphalt Pavement Rehabilitation in Urban Corridors. TRR. 2002. http://trb.metapress.com/content/n678m57m518815h6/ Relevance: High Description: Explains how factors in asphalt road construc- tion affect construction production (CA4PRS). Lee, E.-B. Construction Productivity and Constraints for Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation in Urban Corridors. TRR. 2000. http://trb.metapress.com/content/k46g576u71m68r38/ Relevance: High Description: Explains how factors in concrete road construc- tion affect construction production (CA4PRS). Li, N., R. Haas, and M. Huot. Integer Programming of Mainte- nance and Rehabilitation Treatments for Pavement Networks. TRR. 2007. http://trb.metapress.com/content/n533h20315317 386/?p3008b6e408c143d2a3fe62c8948c55a5&pi26 Relevance: Moderate Description: A new approach to multiyear maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) optimization programming for pave- ment network management is discussed; the approach can be used to help highway agencies make strategic decisions in choosing the optimal investment for their pavement networks. The M&R treatments are standardized in terms of costs, ben- efits, and performance impacts on the existing pavements. Maze, T. Synthesis of Procedures to Forecast and Monitor Work Zone Safety and Mobility Impacts. 2005. www.ctre .iastate.edu/reports/work_zone_mobility.pdf Relevance: High Description: This report provides a synthesis of what is cur- rently being done by STAs across the country to plan, man- age, operate, and evaluate work zone safety and mobility. The research to develop this synthesis was broken into three dis- tinct steps. The first step was to review the literature regard- ing work zone safety and mobility strategies. The second was to conduct interviews with staff members at 30 STAs. The last step was to conduct more detailed case studies of three STAs. Mbwana J. R. and M. A. Turnquist. Optimization Modeling for Enhanced Network-Level Pavement Management System. TRR. 2007. http://trb.metapress.com/content/j557u57277 8w212x/ Relevance: Moderate Description: A new formulation of a network-level pavement management system (PMS) model is described, which includes the identification of specific network links in the optimiza- tion. This model uses Markov transition probabilities for pavement condition modeling, as have several previously developed PMS models. Miller, M., L. Novick, Y. Li, and A. Skabardonis. San Diego I-15 Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) System: Phase I. 2008. www.path.berkeley.edu/PATH/Publications/PDF/ PRR/2008/PRR-2008-33.pdf Relevance: High Description: In this report, the authors described the Stage One work of the federally sponsored U.S. DOT. Integrated Corridor Management Program for the I-15 Corridor in San Diego County, California, between State Route 52 in the city of San Diego and State Route 78 in the city of Escondido. Morales, J. M. Work Zone Traffic Impact Analysis Course. FHWA by ATSSA. 2009. Relevance: High Description: The objectives of the course are to provide guid- ance to agencies and/or individuals considering work zone traffic impact analysis; to provide a broad, fundamental understanding of how analytical tools can be used to support work zone traffic impact analysis; to list and discuss some available tools for work zone impact analysis. Morcous, G., and Z. Lounis. Maintenance Optimization of Infrastructure Networks Using Genetic Algorithms. 2004. www.sciencedirect.com/science?_obArticleURL&_ udiB6V20-4DS6YJ7-1&_user10&_rdoc1&_fmt&_ origsearch&_sortd&_docanchor&v iewc&_ acctC000050221&_version1&_urlVersion0&_userid 10&md5ecdbf1e3be0a75bec7a110b0bcfdbbb9 Relevance: Moderate Description: This paper presents an approach to determining the optimal set of maintenance alternatives for a network of infrastructure facilities using genetic algorithms. Optimal main- tenance alternatives are those solutions that minimize the life- cycle cost of an infrastructure network while fulfilling reliability and functionality requirements over a given planning horizon. Pereira, P., J. Pais, E. Freitas, H. M. Ribeiro Dias da Silva, and J. Oliveira. The Road Network Rehabilitation for the 21st Cen- tury: A Global Vision on Innovation in Road Rehabilitation,

44 Intersections, 2007. http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/ handle/1822/7949 Relevance: High Description: This article intends to be an approach to road net- work rehabilitation in the context of the new challenges for the near future. Firstly, the current methodology used in the main- tenance and rehabilitation and its impact on the pavement life cycle costs is presented. Secondly, the role of innovation at the service of society in the field of road engineering is presented in order to assure a high level of the ride quality, as well as a sus- tainable construction and rehabilitation of road pavements. QuickZone Case Studies. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ traffic_analysis/quickzone/index.htm#case. Various Dates— Currently Online. FHWA contact: Deborah Curtis at deborah.curtis@fhwa.dot.gov. Relevance: Moderate Description: To better understand the performance of Quick- Zone in mitigating congestion due to work zones, FHWA cre- ated a series of case studies highlighting the use of QuickZone on real-world projects. There are eight sites featured in the case studies. Samson, M., and T. Shibayama. Management of Pavement Network Maintenance and Rehabilitation Planning Using Shuffled Complex Evolution. 2007. http://library.jsce.or.jp/ jsce/open/00524/2007/14-0143.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This paper presents an optimization of seg- ment-linked maintenance and rehabilitation plan for a pave- ment network. Shrestha, C. B. Developing a Computer-aided Methodology for District Road Network Planning and Prioritization in Nepal. International Journal of Transport Management. 2003. www.sciencedirect.com/science?_obArticleURL&_ udiB6W83-4BNMFJ7-1&_user10&_rdoc1&_fmt&_ origsearch&_sortd&_docanchor&v iewc&_ acctC000050221&_version1&_urlVersion0&_userid 10&md543c4764223ea882e34e3380d6ca67f7e Relevance: Low Description: This paper proposes a computer-aided method- ology for planning and prioritizing district transportation networks. The methodology has two versions, one for devel- oped areas and another for underdeveloped areas. Sirirangsi, P., D. Satirasetthavee, and P. Herabat. Network- Level Maintenance Planning Using Pavement Valuation. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Stud- ies. 2003. www.easts.info/2003journal/papers/0956.pdf Relevance: High Description: The integration of asset valuation concept with existing management systems is explored in this study in order to illustrate how to apply the estimated pavement value in maintenance planning. The pavement value is calculated based on the cost approach. Prioritization and optimization are used to determine optimal network-level maintenance planning by using pavement values. Wang, K., J. Zaniewski, and J. Delton. Analysis of Arizona DOTs New Pavement Network Optimization System. TRR. 1994. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id424737 Relevance: High Description: The new NOS is named AZNOS, which stands for Arizona Network Optimization System. NOS has been the primary instrument used by ADOT in planning its highway preservation program since 1980. Minnesota DOT. Work Zone Mobility Impact Assessment — Decision Tree. 2007. www.dot.state.mn.us/trafficeng/work zone/wzmobility/WZ-ImpactAssessmentDecisionTree.pdf Relevance: High Description: This report looks at how mobility impact is incorporated into work zone analysis. Zhang, W-B. Study of Integrated Corridor Management for San Francisco Bay Area I-880 Area Corridor. 2008. www.path .berkeley.edu/PATH/Publications/PDF/PRR/2008/PRR- 2008-30.pdf Relevance: High Description: The I-880 Corridor in the San Francisco Bay Area is a multimodal corridor that includes a robust freeway network, major arterials carrying high volumes of local traf- fic, a rail and bus transit network, and heavy freight traffic. This report summarizes the findings of three reports dealing with the I-880 Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) pro- gram. The three studies focused on (1) the concept of opera- tion, (2) sample data for analysis, modeling and simulation, and (3) systems requirements. Corridor and network Modeling publications Chang, Y. Y., O. Sawaya, and A. Ziliaskopoulos. A Tabu Search Based Approach for Work Zone Scheduling. 2000. www.work zonesafety.org/files/documents/database_documents/00901 .pdf Relevance: High Description: This paper introduces a work zone scheduling methodology, which is intended to be used as a decision-aid

45 tool for transportation planners that have to undertake a num- ber of work zones larger than the available number of construc- tion crews during a given time period. Two traffic assignment approaches are used to evaluate the traffic delay caused by work zone combinations, and a Tabu Search methodology is employed to select the schedule with the least total traffic delay. The approach is implemented and tested on an example net- work and on a large-scale realistic network, the Columbus, Ohio, urban network. The results show that substantial network improvements can be obtained by accounting for work zone impacts and implementing appropriate schedules. Chatterjee, I., P. Edara, S. Menneni, and C. Sun. Replication of Work Zone Capacity Values in a Simulation Model. TRIS. 2009. Relevance: High Description: This study provides the practitioner a simple method for choosing appropriate values of driving behavior parameters in the VISSIM micro-simulation model to match the desired field capacity for work zones operating in a typical early merge system. The two most significant car-following parameters and one lane changing parameter were selected and varied to obtain different work zone capacity values. CC1 is the desired time headway, CC2 is the longitudinal following threshold during a following process, and the safety distance reduction factor is representative of lane changing aggressive- ness. Additionally, for each recommended set of driving behavior parameters, lane distribution of the closed lane at different points upstream of the taper is collected. It was veri- fied that the recommended parameter values not only pro- duce the desired capacities but also create traffic conditions consistent with traffic flow theory. Chu, L., H. X. Liu, and W. Recker. Using Micro-simulation to Evaluate Traffic Delay Reduction from Workzone Information Systems. 2007. www.dot.ca.gov/newtech/roadway/ca4prs/ czw_workshop/docs/Lianyu_Chu_UC%20Berkley.pdf Relevance: High Description: Describes evaluation of delay from information systems at work zones using microsimulation. Edara, P. K., and B. H. Cottrell, Jr. Estimation of Traffic Mobil- ity Impacts at Work Zones: State of the Practice. 2006. www .workzonesafety.org/files/documents/database_documents/ 07-0255.pdf Relevance: High Description: Assessing the safety and mobility impacts of work zones across the project development phases of road construc- tion and maintenance projects is an emphasis area of the Fed- eral Highway Administration’s Final Rule on Work Zone Safety and Mobility (Final Rule). Specifically, the design phase of developing traffic control plans requires a traffic analysis to estimate queue lengths, travel times, and delays to determine lane closure times. State departments of transportation (DOTs) are required to comply with the requirements of the Final Rule by October 2007. To this end, this study was conducted to pro- vide the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) with the state-of-the-practice tools for estimating the traffic mobility impacts at work zones. The conclusions in this study should help VDOT and other state DOTs choose the appropriate tool(s) for estimating the traffic impacts in and around work zones. Elefteriadou, L., M. Jain, and K. Heaslip. Impact of Lane Closures on Roadway Capacity Part B, Arterial Work Zone Capacity. 2008. www.dot.state.fl.us/research-center/ Completed_Proj/Summary_RD/FDOT_BD545_61_B.pdf Relevance: High Description: The purposes of this study are twofold. First, diversion behaviors at work zones were modeled in a discrete choice modeling framework. We conducted a stated prefer- ence survey to collect data on drivers’ diversion propensity and then calibrated a binary logit model. The model provides a better understanding of drivers’ diversion behaviors at work zones and can be used to forecast diversion rates in a work zone traffic analysis. Second, we proposed two procedures, namely open-loop and closed-loop, to apply the calibrated binary logit model to compute the RTF. An excel tool was developed to facilitate the computation. FHWA. Traffic Analysis Tools Volume VIII: Work Zone Modeling and Simulation—A Guide for Decision-Makers. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/traffic_analysis/tatv8_ wz/tatv8workzone.pdf Relevance: High Description: This document is intended to provide guidance to decision-makers at agencies and jurisdictions considering the role of analytical tools in work zone planning and man- agement. It is often unclear what kind of analytical approach may be of most value, particularly in light of complex data requirements and staff training. The decision to create an analytical capability to support decision making can be a sig- nificant investment and deserves careful consideration. In the end, work zone analysis should never be used to make key decisions but instead developed as a trusted resource for understanding the potential mobility impacts and using this information to inform key decisions. FHWA. Traffic Analysis Tools Volume IX: Work Zone Model- ing and Simulation—A Guide for Analysts. 2009. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/wz/traffic_analysis/tatv9_wz/tatvol_9.pdf Relevance: High Description: This volume provides specific guidance to the analyst, researcher, or manager in charge of conducting a

46 specific work zone analysis project or who has been charged with developing an overall work zone modeling program or approach. This volume includes numerous case study exam- ples, discussion and analysis designed to provide the prospec- tive work zone analyst with information pertaining to the selection of a transportation modeling approach (including the identification of opportunities for use, managing techni- cal risk and examples) as well as specific project applications (including constructability, scheduling and transportation management plan design and evaluation). FHWA. Work Zone Analysis Leaflet. 2009. http://ops.fhwa .dot.gov/wz/traffic_analysis/wza_leaflet/wza_leaflet.htm Relevance: Low Description: Brief, easy-to-read overview of work zone analy- sis and how modeling and simulation can be used as part of the analysis. Gou, J., L. Zhang, J. Altman, and W. Davis. QuickZone Improvement for Rural Freeway and Model Validation. 2009. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id=881550 Relevance: High Description: This paper describes an improvement made to QuickZone work zone software. The change incorporates delays from the deceleration before a work zone, slow moving speed along the work zone, acceleration after the work zone and stochastic delay within the work zone area. Hadi, M., Y. Xiao, H. Ozen, and P. Alvarez. Evaluation Tools to Support ITS Planning Process: Development of a Sketch Planning Tool in FSUTMS/Cube Environment. 2009. www .dot.state.fl.us/research-center/Completed_Proj/Summary_ PL/FDOT_BD015_19.pdf Relevance: High Description: This research project investigates the development of tools and procedures to perform sketch-planning evaluation of the costs and benefits of ITS alternatives (work zone manage- ment) within the Florida Standard Urban Transportation Model Structure (FSUTMS) modeling environment. Harb, R. Safety and Operational Evaluation of Dynamic Lane Merging in Work Zones. Thesis. University of Central Florida, Orlando, 2009. Relevance: High Description: Utilizes traffic simulation to evaluate various kinds of dynamic merge strategies Hardy, M., and K. Wunderlich. Traffic Analysis Tools Pro- gram Support: Work Zone Traffic Analysis Strategies, Work Zone Analysis Primer. FHWA by Noblis (600 Maryland Ave, SW Suite 755, Washington, DC 20024) Contract DTFH61- 05-D-00002, Project No. 04050002-01. January, 2008 (draft). Relevance: High Description: This document is intended to provide guidance to agencies and jurisdictions considering the role of modeling and simulation tools in work zone planning and manage- ment. It describes the various levels and types of analysis tools available. The focus is not on a one time tool selection activity, but rather on a more complete vision that seeks high- value opportunities for modeling and simulation. It describes which tools are available for corridor studies. Hassanein, A. Planning and Scheduling Highway Construc- tion Using GIS and Dynamic Programming. 2004. http:// universityofarizona.worldcat.org/oclc/56064690&referer= brief_results Relevance: High Description: This paper presents a model designed to inte- grate the planning and scheduling phases of highway con- struction projects, focusing primarily on the planning aspects. The model automatically generates the work breakdown struc- ture (WBS) and precedence network respecting job logic and stores a list of construction operations typically encountered in highway projects. The generated network can subsequently be modified to suit the unique requirements of the project being considered. An object-oriented model is developed for planning highway construction operations. The model employs resource-driven scheduling in order to suit the repetitive nature of this class of projects. It accounts for (1) resource availability; (2) multiple preceding and succeeding activities; (3) trans- verse obstructions; (4) activities with varying quantities of work along the highway length; (5) the impact of inclement weather on crew productivity; and (6) the beneficial effect of the learning curve. At the core of the model is a relational database designed to store available resources and their respective unavailability periods. The model enables both: (1) activities executed by own force and (2) activities sub- contracted out. The model is incorporated in a prototype software that operates in the Microsoft Windows environ- ment and generates schedules in both graphical and tabular formats. An example project is analyzed to demonstrate the features of the developed model. Heaslip, K., A. Kondyli, D. Arguea, L. Elefteriadou, and F. Sullivan. Estimation of Freeway Work Zone Capacity Using Simulation and Field Data. Source Data: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2009 Paper #09-0287. 2009. Relevance: High Description: In this study, CORSIM (Version 5.1) was used to develop a comprehensive database for various work zone sce- narios. Field data was used to complement model validation.

47 The observed capacities were compared to those predicted by the new analytical models as well as those estimated by the HCM 2000. Kang, K-P., and G-L. Chang. Lane-Based Dynamic Merge Con- trol Strategy Based on Optimal Thresholds for Highway Work Zone Operations. 2009. www.workzonesafety.org/node/9711 Relevance: High Description: Despite the potential effectiveness of the dynamic late merge (DLM) control, most existing DLM systems, based on static thresholds, cannot best perform under time-varying traffic conditions. This paper presents an advanced dynamic merge control, called a lane-based dynamic merge control model and its operational algorithm, which is based on the opti- mized control thresholds that take into account the interactions among the speed, flow, and available work zone capacity. The focus of this study is on how to select the control variables and to determine their optimal thresholds in response to traffic flow dynamics. Evaluation results with extensive simulation experiments have shown the promising properties of the pro- posed dynamic merge control and its operational algorithm. Khanta, R. P. Evaluation of Traffic Simulation Models for Work Zones in the New England Area. Thesis. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass .edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article1262&contexttheses Relevance: High Description: These packages include, for example QueWZ, QuickZone, CORSIM and VISSIM. This research evaluates the capabilities of these simulation packages to determine whether or not these packages produce reasonable impact estimates. The research concludes with a set of recommendations to assist transportation professionals in selecting the most appropriate simulation package for a particular work zone project. Larking, J. and M. Hardy. QuickZone—A Work Zone Delay Estimation and Analysis Tool. 2002. SAIC has a copy. Relevance: High Description: This presentation gives an overview of the QuickZone software package and walks through three exam- ples of how to use the software. Lee, E.-B. Application of Macro- and Microscopic Simulations for the Traffic Planning of Urban Highway Reconstruction. 2004. http://trb-forecasting.org/papers/2005/ADB40/ 05-1552_ Lee.pdf Relevance: High Description: The case study introduced in this paper applied dual traffic simulation models (macro- and microsimulation) to develop a comprehensive traffic management plan (TMP) for the Interstate-15 (I-15) Devore reconstruction (a 4.2 kilo- meter stretch) with high traffic volume. Paper No: 05-1552. Lee, H.-Y. Optimizing schedule for improving the traffic impact of work zone on roads. 2009. www.science direct.com/science?_obArticleURL&_udiB6V20- 4 WG J K K 7 - 2 & _ u s e r 1 0 & _ r d o c 1 & _ f m t& _ origsearch&_sortd&_docanchor&viewc&_search S t r I d 1 0 6 6 6 8 8 3 8 4 & _ r e r u n O r i g i n g o o g l e & _ acctC000050221&_version1&_urlVersion0&_userid 10&md589cdd89f6a6338bb675cedc42d6e20f1 Relevance: High Description: Many different types of construction projects set up work zones on roads. Especially in urban areas, lane closures as a result of work zones have a considerable impact on local traffic. However, for a construction project that con- sists of several work zones and several work crews, the traffic impact may be improved by appropriate scheduling. There- fore, this paper proposed a scheduling model based on the route-changing behavior of road users. The proposed model calculates the traffic delay of vehicles by microscopic simula- tion, and applies team ant colony optimization to search for a near-optimal schedule. The project planner then ensures that the contractor executes the activities according to the near-optimal schedule. The proposed model is applied to schedule a sewer system construction project in a city. The results of the study indicate that with the proposed model the total traffic delay is reduced by 11.1% when compared with a schedule proposed by the project planner. Lu, J. J., Z. Wang, and X. Wang. Integrated Work Zone Safety Management System and Analysis Tools. 2009. www.dot .state.fl.us/research-center/Completed_Proj/Summary_ CN/FDOT_BD544_26_rpt.pdf Relevance: High Description: A CORSIM-based preliminary evaluation of the DLM system at freeway work zones was produced to demonstrate if DLM has positive impacts on traffic opera- tions or safety under certain traffic conditions. Ma, W., R. L. Cheu, and D-H. Lee. Scheduling of Lane Clo- sures Using Genetic Algorithms with Traffic Assignments and Distributed Simulations. 2004. http://cedb.asce.org/ cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?0408112 Relevance: High Description: In past research, several versions of hybrid genetic algorithm–simulation methodology have been proposed that aim to minimize a network’s total traffic delay while scheduling multiple lane closures. The genetic algorithm is used as a search engine for generation of lane closure schedule, while a micro- scopic traffic simulation model is employed to calculate the

48 total network travel time under each lane closure scenario. A difficulty in implementing this methodology practically is the long computing time required, due to the many simulation runs needed to evaluate the average total network travel time of each feasible schedule. This paper applies the precondition technique, standard error criterion, and termination criterion to reduce the number of necessary simulation runs. As a further improvement, traffic simulations are distributed in different processors of a multiprocessor machine. To further reduce the computing time, a two-stage hybrid genetic algorithm method- ology has been proposed in this paper. This two-stage method- ology consists of a hybrid genetic algorithm–traffic assignment methodology as the first stage, followed by a hybrid genetic algorithm–distributed simulation methodology as the second stage. The traffic assignment model is used to replace the traffic simulation model in the estimation of total network travel time in stage 1. The applications of the improvement techniques have been demonstrated through a hypothetical problem involving 20 lane closure requests in a network consisting of 986 links, 397 nodes, and 22 origin-destination zones. Together, these improvement techniques contributed to up to 87% reduc- tion in waiting time for a solution of the example problem. Nassar, K., W. Thabet, and Y. Beliveau. Simulation of Asphalt Paving Operations Under Lane Closure Conditions. 2003. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V20-48V898S- 2/2/6efa20d92bf0d12876189671185c25b7 Relevance: Moderate Description: Lane closures during paving operations on rural two-lane roads usually restrict the continuity of paving oper- ations, causing delay in paving time and thus affecting the production rates. This paper presents a simulation model that was developed to assess the impact of the different vari- ables on paving operations under lane closure conditions. The model developed is a high-fidelity computer simulation that incorporates an animation interface. The model involves traffic simulation as well as the construction process itself, and allows users to study the interaction between the two. Variables such as distance from plant, number and types of trucks, traffic volume, length of lane closure, maximum allowable work zone speed, and lane closure strategies are incorporated in the model. Users of the model can adjust these variables according to any particular project and conse- quently measure the effect on production rates and cost. A construction-oriented discrete event simulation language, Stroboscope, was used to develop the model and a 3D anima- tion was developed to visually simulate the construction pro- cess for visual verification. The model was then used on a case study to evaluate paving operations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the simulation model to investigate the effects of the different variables on productivity and cost. Ng, S. T. and Y. Zhang. Optimizing Construction Time and Cost Using Ant Colony Optimization Approach. 2007. http://link.aip.org/link/?QCO/134/721/1 Relevance: High Description: Time and cost are the most important factors to be considered in every construction project. In order to maxi- mize the return, both the client and contractor would strive to optimize the project duration and cost concurrently. Over the years, many research studies have been conducted to model the time–cost relationships, and the modeling techniques range from the heuristic methods and mathematical approaches to genetic algorithms. Despite that, previous studies often assumed the time being constant leaving the analyses based purely on a single objective—cost. Acknowledging the signifi- cance of time–cost optimization, an evolutionary-based opti- mization algorithm known as ant colony optimization is applied to solve the multi-objective time–cost optimization problems. In this paper, the basic mechanism of the proposed model is unveiled. Having developed a program in the Visual Basic platform, tests are conducted to compare the perfor- mance of the proposed model against other analytical meth- ods previously used for time–cost modeling. The results show that the ant colony system approach is able to generate better solutions without utilizing much computational resources which provides a useful means to support planners and man- agers in making better time–cost decisions efficiently. Porter, R. J. and J. M. Mason. Modeling Speed Behavior of Passenger Cars and Trucks in Freeway Construction Work Zones: Implications on Work Zone Design and Traffic Control Decision Processes. 2008. www.workzonesafety.org/ node/9110 Relevance: High Description: Current work zone design and traffic control guidance is based on desirable speed outcomes; knowledge related to actual speed outcomes of design and traffic control decisions is limited. The objective of this research is to inves- tigate relationships among speed behavior, roadway geomet- rics, and traffic control in freeway construction work zones. Four speed measures are modeled: 85th percentile passenger car speed, 85th percentile truck speed, passenger car speed deviation, and truck speed deviation. The research objective is accomplished through specification and estimation of a first-order autoregressive seemingly unrelated regression model to account for contemporaneous correlations between equation disturbances and positive autocorrelation. Data for model estimation were collected at 119 locations in 17 Penn- sylvania and Texas work zones. Model estimation results show that several work design and traffic control features influence speed magnitudes and deviations. Findings also indicate that relationships among speed magnitude, speed

49 deviation, work zone design, and traffic control are more complex than general engineering intuitions expressed in current work zone design guidance. Qian, H. and S. Jing. Optimizing Work Zones for Two-Lane Urban Road Maintenance Projects Paper. 2007. http://qhxb .lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/myweb/english/2008/2008e5/644-650.pdf Relevance: High Description: Road maintenance work brings costs to the gov- ernment and delays to users. The setting up of work zones often leads to severe congestion during peak hours, especially in busy urban areas. A road maintenance delay model is pre- sented here that includes consideration of excessive traffic flow and non-motorists. A trial-and-error method is used to find the optimal work zone length and the best work starting time to minimize the total cost of maintenance and delays. A numerical example with a sensitivity analysis is also given. The results show that optimal starting time is not sensitive to the flow speed and the increase of work zone speeds sharply reduces the total cost when the road is congested. Schnell, T., J. Mohror, F. Aktan, and T. Diptiman. Evaluation of Traffic Flow Analysis Tools applied to work zones based on flow data collected in the field. 2007. http://trb .metapress.com/content/b4j470k111w65118/ Relevance: High Description: Evaluates and studies QueWZ, HCS, Synchro, CORSIM, ITRAF, TRAFVU. Schnell, T. On the Accuracy of Commercially Available Macroscopic and Microscopic Traffic Simulation Tools for Prediction of Workzone Traffic. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/ wz/workshops/sheet4.htm Relevance: High Description: The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has identified the maintenance of traffic (MOT) as a top prior- ity to serve the motoring public as part of a department strate- gic initiative. A key component of this strategy is to ensure that traffic flows efficiently through work zones. This paper describes work that was performed for ODOT to determine if commer- cially available traffic simulation models could be calibrated to yield accurate queue length and delay time predictions for plan- ning purposes in freeway work zones. Four work zones on multi lane freeways were selected by ODOT for collection of the cali- bration data. Traffic flow video records were obtained at the four selected work zones using two ODOT video recording vans equipped with 15 m masts. Traffic flow parameters were extracted from the video records using the Mobilizer-PC soft- ware package. The traffic simulation/prediction tools that we investigated included the Highway Capacity Software (HCS), Synchro, CORSIM (under ITRAF and TRAFVU), NetSim, and a macroscopic model called QueWZ92. Simulation models were constructed with all models for the selected work zones, and the simulated queue lengths and delay times were com- pared to the data that was extracted from the field data with Mobilizer-PC. The results of this study indicated that the micro- scopic simulation packages could not be calibrated to the oversaturated conditions that existed at the work zones. The calibrated microscopic simulation packages underestimated the actual length of the queues that formed in the real world. The macroscopic QueWZ92 produced more accurate esti- mates than the microscopic packages. Sharma, H., C. McIntyre, Z. Gao, and T-H. Nguyen. Devel- oping a Traffic Closure Integrated Linear Schedule for Highway Rehabilitation Projects. 2009. http://cat.inist.fr/?a ModeleafficheN&cpsidt21242995 Relevance: High Description: In recent years, the state departments of trans- portation have implemented a number of highway reha- bilitation projects across the country. These projects differ fundamentally from new highway projects in that they require an uninterrupted flow of traffic throughout both the duration and geometric length of the project. Synchronization of traffic closure with the construction activities is crucial in such proj- ects to avoid the traffic conflicts and prevent idle time for equipment and labor. Although most highway rehabilitation projects involve predominantly linear activities, the tech- niques of linear scheduling are not readily applicable to high- way rehabilitation projects due to the conflict between the work zone and traffic flow. This paper documents the devel- opment of a traffic closure integrated linear schedule (TCILS) that addresses both traffic closure and work progress issues. The TCILS generates a single schedule for both the construc- tion activities and the associated traffic closures. Visual and graphical features are also applied in the system, which makes it particularly applicable for highway rehabilitation projects. An actual concrete pavement rehabilitation project using the TCILS is presented as a sample of application. The findings from the sample project, although they are limited, show that the TCILS can be applied to an actual project. With recom- mended future development, the system is believed to be ben- eficial for both construction practitioners and academics. Song, Z. and Y. Yin. Impact of Lane Closures on Roadway Capacity Part C, Modeling Diversion Propensity at Work Zones. 2008. www.dot.state.fl.us/research-center/Completed_ Proj/Summary_RD/FDOT_BD545_61_C.pdf Relevance: High Description: FDOT develops method to focus on two-lane roadway work zones, where one lane is closed and traffic flow must alternate on the one lane.

50 Traffic Analysis and Tools. Version 4—February 3, 2006— Compiled by AHB20(2) on Freeway Simulation. 2006. AHB20: Freeway Operations Research Circular. Relevance: High Description: Describes the state of the art and practice and various simulation software. Washburn, S., T. Hiles, and K. Heaslip. Impact of Lane Clo- sures on Roadway Capacity Part A, Development of a Two- lane Work Zone Lane Closure Analysis Procedure. 2008. www .dot.state.fl.us/research-center/Completed_Proj/Summary_ RD/FDOT_BD545_61_A.pdf Relevance: High Description: Current FDOT arterial work zone capacity esti- mation procedure does not account for various operating and work zone characteristics of the facility. The objectives of this research are to 1) identify the various geometric and traf- fic factors that might impact the capacity of the arterial work zone and 2) develop analytical model(s) and methods to esti- mate its capacity. Zhu, Y. and I. Ahmad. Developing a Realistic-Prototyping RUC Evaluation Tool for FDOT Report. 2009. www.dot.state .fl.us/research-center/Completed_Proj/Summary_CN/ FDOT_BD015-20_rpt.pdf Relevance: High Description: The goal of this study is to develop a prototyping Road User Cost (RUC) calculation tool utilizing a limited num- ber of data inputs. The tool can be used for specific construction projects for determining the incentive/disincentive values for contractors. In addition to the review of existing related litera- ture, comparisons were performed among Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) methodologies, and also among the existing tools, such as the Arizona Department of Transporta- tion (ADOT) model, the Queue and User Cost Evaluation of Work Zones (QueWZ) model, and the QuickZone model. program/network/Corridor performance Measure publications Al-Kaisy, K. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Single-Lane Two-Way Traffic Control at Maintenance and Reconstruction Zones. 2006. www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid2-s2- .0-33846697382&viewbasic&origininward&txGidn7jp ik4NIXRclWBq4urextM:2 Relevance: High Description: This paper presents a study on evaluating traffic control at single-lane closures on two-lane two-way highways. Four traffic control strategies were investigated by this study. Those strategies involved fixed-time control, fixed-queue con- trol, “static optimum” or convoy rule, and adaptive control. Anderson, S. D., G. L. Ullman, and B. C. Blaschke. Process for Selecting Strategies for Rehabilitation of Rigid Pavements under High Traffic Volumes. TRR. 2007. http://trb.metapress .com/content/645203246526w320/ Relevance: High Description: A process that integrates both the pavement- related and the non-pavement-related aspects of MRR strat- egy selection is described. A framework that provides the basis for a review of the literature and the collection of data on current practices is presented. Cambridge Systematics. PEAT Estimate Benefits and Costs of Transportation Investments. Website. www.camsys.com/ pro_planpro_peat.htm. None Relevance: Moderate Description: The Priority Economic Analysis Tool (PEAT) is designed to help agencies prioritize competing investment alternatives. PEAT enables agencies to analyze preservation and improvement projects for highways, bridges, and inter- sections using an economic approach that considers both agency and road user costs. PEAT helps answer two funda- mental questions: (1) is a project a good investment; (2) and if so, when should it be implemented? PEAT has been adapted successfully by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. Cottrell, B. Assessment of Advance Warning Signs for Flag- ging Operations. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/work shops/accessible/Cottrell_paper.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: The purpose of this research project was to assess and compare the motoring public’s understanding of the existing and proposed advanced warning signs for work zone flagging operations. The study consisted of a literature review and a survey of motorists. Over 3,600 multiple-choice surveys were successfully mailed out to randomly selected Virginia residents of which 38 percent were returned. The survey results indicated that the proposed sign was for the most part understood by Virginia drivers and appeared to be effective at conveying its message. FHWA. Comparative Analysis Report: The Benefits of Using Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/wz_comp_analysis/index.htm Relevance: High Description: The purpose of this study is to highlight “before and after” or “with and without” analyses that quantify the mobility and safety benefits of using ITS applications for work zone traffic management. The study focused on sites

51 that provided an opportunity for comparison of traffic con- ditions both with and without ITS. FHWA. Construction Management Practices in Canada and Europe. 2005. http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/construction_ mgmt/pl05010.pdf Relevance: High Description: The team’s recommendations for possible imple- mentation in the United States include developing risk assessment and allocation techniques, using qualifications in procurement, piloting early contractor involvement, applying alternate bids and designs in procurement, conducting pre- proposal meetings, and using appropriate alternative payment methods. FHWA. Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). 2008. Contact: Joe Bared, (202) 493-3314, joe.bared@fhwa.dot .gov. www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/08049/index.htm Relevance: Low Description: This TechBrief summarizes the research and devel- opment of the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM), a technique combining microsimulation and automated conflict analysis, which analyzes the frequency and character of nar- rowly averted vehicle-to-vehicle collisions in traffic, to assess the safety of traffic facilities without waiting for a statistically above- normal number of crashes and injuries to actually occur. FHWA. Transportation Performance Measures in Australia, Canada, Japan and New Zealand. 2004. http://international .fhwa.dot.gov/performance/04transperfmeasure.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: Discusses the various performance measures asso- ciated to safety and operations, and advises the best practices. FHWA. Work Zone Impacts Assessment: An Approach to Assess and Manage Work Zone Safety and Mobility Impacts of Road Projects. 2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/resources/ final_rule/wzi_guide/sec8.htm Relevance: High Description: This guide is designed to help transportation agencies develop and/or update their own policies, processes, and procedures for assessing and managing the work zone impacts of their road projects throughout the different pro- gram delivery stages. FHWA. Work Zone Self Assessment. 2008. http://ops.fhwa .dot.gov/wz/decision_support/self-assess.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: The Work Zone Mobility and Safety Self Assess- ment (WZ SA) tool consists of a set of questions designed to assist those with work zone management responsibilities in assessing their programs, procedures, and practices against many of the good work zone practices in use today. Gabler, E. Economic Analysis: Applications to Work Zones. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ accessible/Gabler.htm Relevance: Very High Description: This presentation discusses economic analysis to determine improved performance, greatest net benefit, optimal timing, best alignment, and best implementation strategy. Lee, E.-B. Knowledge-Based Scheduling Analysis Software for Highway Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Projects. TRR. 2006. http://trb.metapress.com/content/g63027lw75010767/ Relevance: High Description: Describes the optimization model, the schedul- ing techniques and production techniques in (CA4PRS). Lee, E.-B. Productivity Aspects of Urban Freeway Rehabilita- tion with Accelerated Construction UCB Report. 2007. http:// repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article6913& contextpostprints Relevance: High Description: This report is important in (a) understanding productivity rates during construction and (b) scheduling. Lee, E.-B. Streamlined Strategies for Faster, Less Traffic- Disruptive Highway Rehabilitation in Urban Networks. TRR. 2009. http://trb.metapress.com/content/966u48l363707r34/ Relevance: High Description: Provides validation of the CA4PRS software. Li, Q. and A. Kumar. National & International Practices in Decision Support Tools in Road Asset Management. 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26876/1/26876.pdf Relevance: Low Description: This report investigates criteria for road asset management. MacDonald, C. and National Asphalt Pavement Association. Maine DOT’s Innovative Plans Result in Rapid Construc- tion, Satisfied Motorists. Available from UC Berkeley Trans- portation Library through interlibrary loan or document delivery. 2009. Relevance: High Description: The Maine DOT introduced a new management scheme on I-295 to carry out a re-paving project without reducing the facility capacity. The project was completed in 20 days instead of shutting down the facility for 13 weeks.

52 Mahoney, K. M., R. J. Porter, D. R. Taylor, B. T. Kulakowski, and G. L. Ullman. Design of Construction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways. Report NCHRP 581. 2007. http:// onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_581.pdf Relevance: High Description: This report presents the findings of a research project to develop guidance for designing geometric features of construction work zones on high-speed highways. The report will be of particular interest to practitioners responsible for the design of construction work zones. Mannisto, V., and R. Tapio. Infrastructure Management Sys- tem: Case Study of the Finnish National Road Administration. TRR. 1995. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id424742 Relevance: Low Description: This case study looks at an infrastructure man- agement tool. Maze, T. Iowa’s Evaluation of the Wizard CB Alert System. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/accessible/ Maze.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: This paper reports on the evaluation of one technology intended to manage vehicle speed in and around work zones on interstate highways. The technology tested is the Wizard CB Alert System. Minnesota DOT. Evaluation of 2004 Dynamic Late Merge System. 2004. www.dot.state.mn.us/trafficeng/ workzone/2004DLMS-Evaluation.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This report offers an evaluation of late merge. Sarasua, W. Traffic Impacts of Short Term Interstate Work Zone Lane Closures: The South Carolina Experience. Pre- sentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ accessible/Sarasua.htm Relevance: High Description: Method to evaluate delays, through field measure- ment, impact of truck percentages, and capacity at work zones. Shi, J., Z. Li, and M. Snyder. Highway Work Zone Safety Audits at the Construction Stage. 2009. http://pubsindex .trb.org/view.aspx?id881215 Relevance: Low Description: This paper presents the guidelines for highway work zone safety audits at the construction stage. After a brief description of the key features of work zone safety audit, an eight-step audit process is presented. Sikow, C., K. Tikka, and J. Aijo. Impact Analysis of Road Keeping: Case Study of Lapland District in Finland. TRR. 1995. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id424732 Relevance: High Description: A network-level pavement management system was used to allocate and optimize funds for rehabilitation and to analyze the development of the condition of the network with nonoptimal funds. Summer and winter maintenance were ana- lyzed by an analytical hierarchical process. As to investments, in addition to a traditional cost–benefit analysis, indirect economic effects were studied with a regionalized input–output model. Ullman, G. L., R. J. Porter, and G. J. Karkee. Implementation Guide for Monitoring Work Zone Safety and Mobility Impacts. TTI Report. 2008. http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/ 0-5771-P1.pdf Relevance: High Description: This implementation guide describes the con- ceptual framework, data requirements, and computational procedures for determining the safety and mobility impacts of work zones in Texas. Ullman, G. L., R. J. Porter, and G. J. Karkee. Monitoring Work Zone Safety and Mobility Impacts in Texas. TTI Report. 2008. http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-5771-1.pdf Relevance: High Description: For mobility-based measures, researchers rec- ommend that Texas DOT target the collection of queue length and travel time delay data caused by temporary lane closures. Researchers developed graphs that indicate combi- nations of work zone length (or work zone segment length), average daily traffic, normal crash rate, and work zone phase or project direction that will most likely allow for reasonable inferences to be made regarding the relative level of safety being maintained within the project. Vadakpat, G., S. Stoffels, and K. Dixon. Road User Cost Mod- els for Network-Level Pavement Management. TRR. 2007. http://trb.metapress.com/content/82328v2g87605272/ Relevance: High Description: One of the most important ingredients in the LCCA process, at either a network level or a project level, is the determination of road user cost (RUC) during mainte- nance and rehabilitation operations. World Bank. Road Software Tools (HDM-4). www.worldbank .org/transport/roads/tools.htm. 2002. Relevance: High Description: A software package which serves as the primary tool for the analysis, planning, management and appraisal of

53 road maintenance, improvements and investment decisions. Tool comes out of Europe and does what CA4PRS is trying to do here. Wu, Z. and G. W. Flintsch. Performance-Based Network-Level Optimization for Pavement Management in Public-Private Partnerships. TRB. 2008. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view .aspx?id848472 Relevance: High Description: This paper proposes a practical decision-support model for determining optimal network-level maintenance policies based on goal programming. The implementation of the model in a simple case study showed that its application is practical for supporting the management of pavement net- works to achieve specific performance targets while control- ling costs. The proposed model can help balance the private sector’s goals, resource limitations, and performance targets under a warranty contract. Zwahlen, H. Improved Work Zone Design Guidelines and Enhanced Model of Traffic Delays in Work Zones. 2009. http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/search.do?new&b19&f1 au&t1Zwahlen%2C+Helmut+T&dtr Relevance: High Description: This project developed a digital computer simu- lation model to model the traffic through a freeway work zone situation. It also included a diversion analysis to determine the effects of closed ramps. Finally, guidelines for ramp manage- ment and ramp metering were established on a 24/7 basis giv- ing special considerations to freeway mainline throughput and local traffic access to freeway. Asset Management (econometric) publications Anderson, S. D., and G. L. Ullman. Reducing and Mitigat- ing Impacts of Lane Occupancy during Construction and Maintenance (NCHRP 293). 2000. http://onlinepubs.trb .org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_syn_293.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This report of the Transportation Research Board provides information on programming and planning, design, contract, construction, and maintenance techniques, methods, and processes used to reduce lane occupancy during construc- tion and maintenance activities. Austroads. Integrated Asset Management Guidelines for Road Networks. 2002. www.onlinepublications.austroads .com.au/script/Details.asp?DocNAR0000004_0904 Relevance: Moderate Description: This document presents guidelines for road agencies for the development and implementation of an Integrated Asset Management framework for managing road networks, as part of each agency’s overall business planning cycle. Bai, Y. and Y. Li. Reducing Work Zone Crashes by Using Vehi- cle’s Warning Flashers as a Warning Sign. 2009. www.work zonesafety.org/files/documents/database_documents/ publication9297.pdf Relevance: High Description: The research project evaluates the effectiveness of a traffic warning sign that is assembled by using the emer- gency warning flashers of the vehicles in one-lane, two-way work zones. This warning sign was named as the Emergency Flasher Traffic Control Device (EFTCD). It works in the fol- lowing fashion: When a vehicle enters a one-lane, two-way work zone where stopping is required for waiting to pass the work zone, the driver is required to turn on its emergency warning flashers to warn the following vehicles of the work zone stopping condition. The EFTCD is flexible and cost effective and may particularly benefit those work zones that are frequently moved due to the construction progress. Belobraydich, T. Reducing Exposure of Short-term Utility Work Zones through Effective Safety Planning. Paper & Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ workshops/accessible/Belobraydich.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Telecommunications, electric, gas, water and other utility companies throughout the USA are confronted daily with the need to work safely and effectively on or near the roadway. The majority of their distribution plant access facili- ties are proximate to roadways and right-of-ways. Utility main- tenance work activities involve manholes, cabinets, control panels, poles and other operating plant features that are often located adjacent to or directly in streets, roadways, intersec- tions, and highways. With substantial increases in traffic vol- umes, road construction activity, driver distractions and other human factor elements impacting the road user, many utility field personnel encounter unprecedented exposure on a daily basis. Additionally, the recent attention to repairing the dete- riorating infrastructure of roads and bridges in the USA often results in a substantial concentration of activity by road con- tractors, DOT’s, utilities, etc., on the same portion of roadway, which is often already overflowing with high-density traffic. The ubiquitous work zone can create road user orange over- load. Users become numb to actual and present dangers based on past encounters with unreliable, inconsistent, non-uniform work zone traffic control information and consequently develop a tendency to react only as visual warnings and their actual observations indicate. In addition, the visual noise of outside user distractions like billboards and commercial signs

54 are densest in heavy traffic commercial areas—the same areas that require frequent utility maintenance work. Cambridge Systematics, PB Consult, and System Metrics Group. Analytical Tools for Asset Management. 2005. NCHRP Report 545. Relevance: High Description: This report presents two tools developed to sup- port tradeoff analysis for transportation asset management. These software tools and the accompanying documentation are intended for state departments of transportation (DOTs) and other transportation agencies to help them improve their ability to identify, evaluate, and recommend investment deci- sions for managing the agency’s infrastructure assets. Cambridge Systematics. Tools Summary Sheet. 2005. http:// knowledge.fhwa.dot.gov/tam/aashto.nsf/All+Documents/ 4678BD6ACF8485C585256F1C006FAB30/$F I LE/ Task4AppC.pdf Relevance: High Description: Summary of available tools for asset management. Copp, R. Transportation Management Plans: Effectiveness Study. Paper&Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot .gov/wz/workshops/accessible/Copp_ppt.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Gives effectiveness study of Caltrans Transpor- tation Management Plans. Duffy, K. A. Traffic Incident Management at the Big Dig. Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ workshops/accessible/Duffy.htm Relevance: High Description: Case study to keep the roadways traversing Boston open and flowing at pre-construction levels. FHWA. Best Practices. 2009. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ practices/practices.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Shortlists case studies from various DOTs, e.g., CALTRANS. Gayle, S. Making Work Zones Work Better By Linking Plan- ning and Operations. Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/accessible/Gayle.htm Relevance: High Description: Effective management of transportation sys- tems maximizes system performance through a coordinated and integrated decision making approach to construction, operation, preservation, and maintenance of transportation facilities, with the goal of providing safe, efficient, and reliable transportation to all users. Kansas DOT. Pavement Management Information System. 2006–2009. www.ksdot.org/matreslab/pmis/reports.asp Relevance: Moderate Description: A website including Kansas DOT’s Network Optimization System during 2006–2009 with all the decision maps for the lane closure district. Leonard, J. Mitigating Traffic Impacts on Utah’s I-15. Presen- tation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ accessible/leonard.htm Relevance: High Description: Case study for reconstruction on I-15 in Utah. Sharma, H., C. McIntyre, Z. Gao, and T-H. Nguyen. Devel- oping a Traffic Closure Integrated Linear Schedule for Highway Rehabilitation Projects. TRIS. 2009. Relevance: High Description: This paper documents the development of a traf- fic closure integrated linear schedule (TCILS) that addresses both traffic closure and work progress issues. The TCILS gen- erates a single schedule for both the construction activities and the associated traffic closures. Visual and graphical fea- tures are also applied in the system, which makes it particu- larly applicable for highway rehabilitation projects. An actual concrete pavement rehabilitation project using the TCILS is presented as a sample of application. The findings from the sample project, although they are limited, show that the TCILS can be applied to an actual project. With recommended future development, the system is believed to be beneficial for both construction practitioners and academics. Ullman, G. Enforcement-Friendly Work Zones. Paper& Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ workshops/accessible/Ullman.htm Relevance: High Description: Law enforcement presence in work zones has long been recognized as one of the most effective speed reduction methods available to transportation officials. Unfortunately, high labor costs, manpower shortages, and the many other demands placed on law enforcement makes universal enforce- ment presence at all work zones impossible. In addition, most states have enacted higher fines for violations in work zones. While designed to improve motorist compliance, some of these higher fine structures include certain stipulations that create unintended difficulties for enforcement personnel. Further complicating the problem is the fact that the actual design of,

55 and activities within, many work zones makes effective enforce- ment extremely difficult. Long work zones that have no emer- gency shoulders on either side of the roadway offer no place for enforcement personnel to position their vehicles to monitor traffic or to pull over violators to issue a citation. Consequently, officers attempting to stop a violator are forced to either follow the violator completely through the work zone before activat- ing their emergency lights and pulling the violator over, or acti- vating their lights within the work zone and risk the chance that the motorist will then stop in the moving lane of traffic. Warren, D. Variable Speed Limits. Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/accessible/Warren .htm Relevance: High Description: A slide in the presentation shows the concept the variable speed limits for work zone control. Work Zone Control Strategies publications Ackles, M. Trip Planning: More than Just Road Signs. Pre- sentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ sheet2.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Anderson, S. Concepts for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Traffic Control Plans. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/accessible/Anderson_ull.htm Relevance: High Description: An important principle in TCP development is to recognize early on that temporal and spatial requirements for a project directly influence the ability of the contractor to perform construction efficiently. Discusses the various ways to incorporate traffic control into work zones. Balke, K. Traffic Incident Management in Construction and Maintenance Work Zones Report. 2009. www.ops.fhwa.dot .gov/publications/fhwahop08056/fhwahop08056.pdf Relevance: Low Description: This study addresses the concerns of managing traffic incidents within a work zone. A description of tech- niques and strategies that can be used to handle incidents in work zones is presented. Benz, R. J., D. W. Fenno, and A. P. Voigt. Accelerating Major Freeway Reconstruction Projects: The Houston Experience. TRR. 2007. http://trb.metapress.com/content/3749520pm 321k06k/ Relevance: High Description: Several steps in the planning, execution, and evalu- ation of the I-45 Pierce Elevated reconstruction in Houston provide a strong framework for preparing for projects that affect critical links in the nation’s transportation system. Traffic modeling helped to prepare for construction by first developing delay numbers for the estimated user cost used in the A + B bid- ding. Second, preconstruction modeling identified bottlenecks that were temporarily remediated at strategic locations. Finally, modeling provided speed and travel time data used in mount- ing a public information campaign. Chang, G. L., and University of Maryland. ITS Applications in Work Zones to Improve Traffic Operations and Perfor- mance Measurements. 2009. http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/ search.do?b11&f10&t1au%3A%22chang+gang+len %22&r1&dtr&p2&z1&s&o&newn Relevance: Moderate Description: This study was carried out for the Maryland State Highway Administration to evaluate the performance of License Plate Recognition (LPR) technology and its reli- ability to support the travel time estimation applications on local arterials. CDOT. Colorado Department of Transportation Region 1 Lane Closure Strategy-Second Edition Report. 2009. www .dot.state.co.us/Traffic_Manuals_Guidelines/Work_Zones/ Lane_Closure_Strategies/R1_Lane_Closure_Report.pdf Relevance: Low Description: Discusses lane closure strategies in Region 1 in Colorado. CDOT. Colorado Department of Transportation Region 3 Lane Closure Strategy-Second Edition Report. 2009. www .dot.state.co.us/Traffic_Manuals_Guidelines/Work_Zones/ Lane_Closure_Strategies/R3_Lane_Closure_Report.pdf Relevance: Low Description: Discusses lane closure strategies in Region 3 in Colorado. CDOT. Colorado Department of Transportation Region 4 Lane Closure Strategy-Second Edition Report. 2009. www .dot.state.co.us/Traffic_Manuals_Guidelines/Work_Zones/ Lane_Closure_Strategies/R4_Lane_Closure_Report.pdf Relevance: Low Description: Discusses lane closure strategies in Region 4 in Colorado. CDOT. Colorado Department of Transportation Region 5 Lane Closure Strategy-Second Edition Report. 2009. www

56 .dot.state.co.us/Traffic_Manuals_Guidelines/Work_Zones/ Lane_Closure_Strategies/R5_Lane_Closure_Report.pdf Relevance: Low Description: Discusses lane closure strategies in Region 5 in Colorado. CDOT. Colorado Department of Transportation Region 6 Lane Closure Strategy-Second Edition Report. 2005. www .dot.state.co.us/Traffic_Manuals_Guidelines/Work_Zones/ Lane_Closure_Strategies/R6_Lane_Closure_Report.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: Discusses lane closure strategies in Region 6 in Colorado. Colorado DOT. I-70 Mountain Corridor PEIS Construc- tion Traffic Impact Mitigation Strategies Report. 2005. www.i70mtncorridor.com/documents/12~construction_ Mitigation.pdf Relevance: High Description: This paper addresses mitigation strategies that have been used around the country, often with favorable results and with full support from construction contractors. Following is a brief synopsis of various strategies that can be implemented individually and, more likely, in combination with each other, in the I-70 Mountain Corridor. Dunston, P., B. Savage, and F. Mannering. Weekend Closure for Construction of Asphalt Overlay on Urban Highway. 2000. http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet ?prognormal&idJCEMD4000126000004000313000001 &idtypecvips&gifsyes Relevance: High Description: The Washington State Department of Transpor- tation implemented a pilot project to evaluate the option of a full weekend closure—closure of all lanes in a single direction throughout designated weekend hours—as an alternative to nighttime closures. Fang, C. F. Portable Intelligent Traffic Management System for Work Zones and Incident Management Systems: Best Practice Review. 2008. http://universityofarizona.worldcat .org/oclc/423473375&refererbrief_results Relevance: High Description: Reviews several portable ITS systems for work zones and incident management. Faquir, T. Safer Work Zones Through ITS. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet3.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. FHWA. Design and Construction Strategies. http://ops.fhwa .dot.gov/wz/construction/index.htm Relevance: High Description: Describes methods and case studies for design and construction strategies. FHWA. Full Road Closure for Work Zone Operations—A Cross-Cutting Study. 2003. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ resources/publications/FullClosure/CrossCutting/its.htm Relevance: High Description: This report discusses using a full road closure as an option for construction, why to use full road closure, and the benefits and lessons learned from various case studies throughout the US. FHWA. Public Information and Outreach Strategies. http:// ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/publicinfostrategies.htm Relevance: High Description: Describes strategies to improve work zone safety and mobility by public information and outreach strategies. FHWA. Work Zone ITS. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/ index.htm Relevance: High Description: Discusses practices and use of ITS in work zones. FHWA. Work Zone Traffic Management Guidance and Examples. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/traffic_mgmt/wztmg .htm Relevance: High Description: Provides information about developing and implementing Transportation Management Plans (TMPs), including how and where a TMP fits into project delivery processes, possible components of a TMP, descriptions of work zone management strategies. FHWA Office of Operations. Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones a Case Study: Dynamic Lane Merge System: Reducing Aggressive Driving and Optimiz- ing Throughput at Work Zone Merges in Michigan. 2004. http://universityofarizona.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/70129 711?pageframe&urlhttp://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ technologies/michigan/michigan.pdf%26checksum%3D 07942839a1714ea85b9439a6d5464246&title&linktype digitalObject&detail Relevance: Moderate Description: Presents a case study for evaluating dynamic late merge.

57 FHWA Office of Operations. Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones a Case Study: Real-Time Work Zone Traffic Control System: Using an Automated Traffic Infor- mation System to Reduce Congestion and Improve Safety During Reconstruction of the I-55 Lake Springfield Bridge in Illinois. 2004. http://universityofarizona.worldcat.org/ wcpa/oclc/70129682?pageframe&urlhttp://ops.fhwa. dot.gov/wz/technologies/springfield/springfield.pdf%26c hecksum%3D75099e50495064d1a23e9974cd761dab&title &linktypedigitalObject&detail Relevance: Moderate Description: The RTTCS consisted of portable dynamic message signs (DMSs), portable traffic sensors, and portable closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras linked via wireless communications to a central workstation. The system moni- tored traffic along I-55, automatically generated messages on the DMSs based on predefined thresholds, provided data for a real-time congestion map displayed on IDOT’s website, and provided congestion/incident detection alerts for IDOT staff. FHWA Office of Operations. Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones a Case Study: Work Zone Travel Time System: Remove Congestion With the Use of a Traffic Management Contract Incentive During the Reconstruc- tion of Arizona State Route 68. 2004. http://university ofarizona.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/70129705?pageframe &urlhttp://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/technologies/arizona/ arizona.pdf%26checksum%3D93cf888ff88363073b00d23 dc4b376f1&title&linktypedigitalObject&detail Relevance: Moderate Description: Arizona DOT decided to include an incentive/ disincentive provision in the project contract to encourage the contractor to minimize work zone delays. ADOT needed a way to measure performance related to the provision and turned to ITS to help. They used a travel time system to mea- sure travel time. Finley, M. D., G. L. Ullman, and C. L. Dudek. Sequential Warning-Light System for Work-Zone Lane Closures. 2007. http://trb.metapress.com/content/l00314n6888q1752/ Relevance: High Description: Research performed to assess the effectiveness of a flashing warning-light system for use at work-zone lane clo- sures is summarized. The system is composed of a series of interconnected, synchronized flashing warning lights that produce the illusion of motion. Researchers investigated motor- ist understanding and perceived usefulness of various designs of the warning-light system and the potential of this system to yield significant operational or safety benefits in actual work zone applications. Results from proving ground and field studies show that the flashing warning-light system used in the work zone lane closure is perceived positively and is not confusing to the motoring public. Fitzsimmons, E., N. Oneyear, S. Hallmark, N. Hawkins, and T. Maze. Synthesis of Traffic Calming Techniques in Work Zones. 2009. www.ctre.iastate.edu/smartwz/reports/2009- hallmark-calming.pdf Relevance: High Description: The objective of this research is to summarize the effectiveness of different traffic calming treatments for reducing speeds in work zones. This project identified work zone traffic calming treatments for which information has not been well summarized, identified state of the art and new technologies for work zone traffic calming, and synthesized research related to the above mentioned items. Fontaine, Michael. Innovative Traffic Control Devices to Improve Safety at Rural Short-Term Maintenance Work Zones. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot .gov/wz/workshops/accessible/Fontaine.htm Relevance: Low Description: Texas DOT and the Federal Highway Adminis- tration (FHWA) sponsored a Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) research project to determine if innovative traffic con- trol devices could improve safety at short-term rural mainte- nance work zones. This project examined several innovative countermeasures to determine if they would produce a posi- tive safety benefit at short-term rural work zones. Hansen, A. Work Zone Operational Enhancements Inte- grating ITS into a Design Build Project. 2008. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet5.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discuses case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Hardy, M. A Work Zone Delay Estimation and Analysis Tool. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ workshops/sheet4.htm Relevance: High Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Kite, S. Smart Work Zone Deployment on I-95. Presenta- tion. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet2 .htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features.

58 Klatt, M. P. ITS & Traffic Control. Presentation. 2008. http:// ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/accessible/Klatt.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Kochevar, K. Intrusion Devices–New and Emerging Technol- ogy in Worker Safety. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet3.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. LaRue, C. Full Freeway Closures. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet5.htm Relevance: High Description: Presentation discusses case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Lee, E.-B. Automated Work Zone Information System (AWIS) on Urban Freeway Rehabilitation: California Implemen- tation. TRB. 2006. https://www.workzonesafety.org/files/ documents/database_documents/Research3075.pdf Relevance: High Description: The project implemented the Automated Work Zone Information System (AWIS) to reduce peak hour delay during construction by changing road user’s travel patterns and diverting traffic to detour routes. Lee, E.-B. Dynamic Approach to Public Outreach for Minimiz- ing Traffic Inconvenience in Urban Highway Rehabilitation. TRR. 2006. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id777104 Relevance: High Description: Road users were benefited by the use of the Automated Work Zone Information System (AWIS), which provided interactive real-time travel estimates on- and off- site (project website). Media coverage and outreach materials were proactively utilized to win public support for the “Rapid Rehabilitation” strategy. Lee, E.-B. Planning Urban Highway Reconstruction with Traffic Demand Affected by Construction Schedule. ASCE. 2005. http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet ?prognormal&idJTPEDI000131000010000752000001 &idtypecvips&gifsyes Relevance: High Description: This paper introduces an integrated approach to the development of construction and traffic manage- ment plans for the reconstruction of high-volume urban freeways. Lee, E.-B. Pre and Post construction Analysis of Interstate-15 (Devore) Concrete Pavement Reconstruction Project. Report to CALTRANS. 2005. www.its.berkeley.edu/pavemen tresearch/PDF/4.6_I-15%20Devore_RR_Stg6-03-31-2009.pdf Relevance: High Description: This Rapid Rehab project adopted state-of-the- practice technologies to accelerate construction, to mitigate traffic disruptions, and to propagate project information. Li, Y., and Y. Bai. Effectiveness of Temporary Traffic Control Measures in Highway Work Zones. 2009. www.sciencedirect .com/science/article/B6VF9-4T4WKX8-1/2/847593d8bbe29 5dda78b661219701e9a Relevance: Moderate Description: In this study, researchers evaluated the effective- ness of several commonly used TTC methods including flagger/officer, stop sign/signal, flasher, no passing zone control, and pavement center/edge lines. Livingston, J. Work Zone Operational Enhancements. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ sheet5.htm Relevance: High Description: Presentation discusses case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Luttrell, T. Benefits of Using Intelligent Transportation Sys- tems in Work Zones: A Summary Report. 2008. http:// university ofarizona.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/259462824?p ageframe&urlwww.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/its/wz_its_ benefits_summ/wz_its_benefits_summ.pdf%26checksum %3D5ed27b85f064fafced65ed19e8c22256&title&linktype digitalObject&detail Relevance: High Description: Discusses various ITS strategies to reduce work zone impacts and identifies their benefits. Maryland DOTD. Transportation Management Plans: Guide- lines for Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. 2006. www.marylandroads.com/OOTS/06TMPGuidelinesRev5.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: Guidelines for development, implementation and evaluation of traffic management plans. Maryland State Highway Plans. Summary of Work Zone Impact Management Strategies. 2006. www.marylandroads .com/OOTS/09Summar yofWorkZoneManagement Strategies.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: Describes all management strategies used in Maryland.

59 Maze, T. Lane Closure Policy Development, Enforcement, and Exceptions: A Survey of Seven State Transportation Agencies. 2007. www.ctre.iastate.edu/smartwz/reports/ 2007-maze-lane_closure.pdf Relevance: High Description: The research synthesizes best lane closure prac- tices by conducting survey of seven states. Maze, T. Speed Reduction Strategies. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet4.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Maze, T. Synthesis of Practices for Mitigating the Impact of Work Zones on Traffic. 2007. www.ctre.iastate.edu/ smartwz/reports/2007-maze-mitigate-impact.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This synthesis identifies and discusses many fre- quently used strategies and many strategies that are relatively new to several agencies. Maze, T. Synthesis of Procedures to Forecast and Monitor Work Zone Safety and Mobility Impacts. 2005. www.intrans .iastate.edu/reports/work_zone_mobility.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This report provides a synthesis of what is cur- rently being done by STAs across the country to plan, man- age, operate, and evaluate work zone safety and mobility. McCoy, P. Dynamic Late Merge Control Concept for Work Zones on Rural Freeways. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http:// ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet4.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Michigan DOT. Guidance for Work Zone Safety and Mobility. 2008. www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/mdot_WZSM_ policy_FINAL_AS_APPROVED_BY_CRAM120808_ 259537_7.pdf Relevance: High Description: Discusses safety and mobility practices in Michigan. Minnesota DOT. Guidelines for Changeable Message Sign (CMS) Use. 2000. www.dot.state.mn.us/trafficeng/work zone/cms-use-guidelines.pdf Relevance: Low Description: The Changeable Message Sign (CMS) system is part of Minnesota DOT’s Traffic Management System. The primary component is a device that is designed to display words, numbers or symbols which can be changed on com- mand either remotely or on-site. The purpose of the CMS is to communicate real-time roadway or traffic information to travelers, as conditions warrant, so they may react to those conditions in a safe and timely manner. Minnesota DOT. Metropolitan District Lane Closure Manual. None. www.dot.state.mn.us/metro/trafficeng/laneclosure/ index.html Relevance: Moderate Description: Guidebook for lane closure during work zones in Minnesota. North Carolina DOT. Work Zone Speed Limit Reduction Guideline for NC Highway Construction and Maintenance Activities. 2006. www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/wztc/ DesRes/English/SpeedOrd/WZOrdinance.pdf Relevance: High Description: The objective of this guideline in NC is to iden- tify the appropriate speed limit reduction for work being per- formed on full control of access facilities in maintenance and construction work zones. Outcalt, W., and Colorado DOT/FHWA. Work Zone Speed Control. 2009. www.dot.state.co.us/Publications/PDFFiles/ workzonespeed.pdf Relevance: High Description: This research provides the Colorado Depart- ment of Transportation with methods for effective manage- ment traffic speed in the vicinity of work zones. Safety and traffic engineers and maintenance planners can use it to plan effective traffic control in work areas. Outcalt, W. Work Zone Speed Control Final Report. 2009. www .dot.state.co.us/publications/PDFFiles/workzonespeed.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: A literature search found 17 studies relating to work zone speed control and investigating the use of variable message signs (VMS), presence of law enforcement, and various signing methods. However, none provided current documenta- tion of the effectiveness of the use of a VMS in conjunction with the presence of a law enforcement officer who was ticketing violators. The study found that the most dependable method of ensuring compliance with posted work zone speed limits is through the presence of law enforcement in the work zone, citing speeders. Pant, P. Smart Work Zone Systems. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet2.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features.

60 Paracha, J. MD QuickZone—A Work Zone Traffic Analysis Tool. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/ workshops/sheet4.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Radwan, E. Evaluation of Safety and Operational Effec- tiveness of Dynamic Lane Merge System in Florida. 2009. www.dot.state.fl.us/research-center/Completed_Proj/Sum mary_CN/FDOT_BD548-24_rpt.pdf Relevance: High Description: Two Simplified Dynamic Lane Merging Sys- tems (SDLMSs) are suggested for deployment and testing on short term work zones. The first SDLMS is a simplified dynamic early merge system (early SDLMS) and the second SDLMS is a simplified dynamic late merge system (late SDLMS). Savolainen P., D. McAvoy, V. Reddy, J. Santos, and T. K. Datta. Evaluation of Motorist Awareness System. Source Data: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2009 Paper #09-1968. 2009. Relevance: Moderate Description: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a Motorist Awareness System (MAS) on vehi- cle speeds in highway work zones. Spot speed studies were conducted prior to, within, and near the end of work zones along Interstate 10 and Interstate 95 in Florida which uti- lized the traditional Maintenance of Traffic plan and the MAS plan. Schexnayder, C. Effective Noise Control during Nighttime Construction. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa .dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet5.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Presentation discussing case studies, and roles of various ITS and control features. Schrock, S., M. Becker, and T. Mulinazzi. Examination of Effectiveness of Early Merge Work-Zone Signing. 2009. http://pubsindex.trb.org/view.aspx?id882451 Relevance: Moderate Description: This study examines the 2007 early merge prac- tice adopted by the state of Oklahoma. Measures of effective- ness examined included the number and percentage of traffic that remained in the closed lane and the number of conflicts that occurred at the merge area. Sperry, R. Effectiveness of Dynamic Messaging on Driver Behavior for Late Merge Lane Closures. 2009. http://university ofarizona.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/319537847?pageframe& urlwww.intrans.iastate.edu/reports/driver_behavior_ lane_merge.pdf%26checksum%3Deab456b565a56ac9e70b1 6681e7ce573&title&linktypedigitalObject&detail Relevance: Moderate Description: Discusses how DMS helps improve merging behavior at work zones. Ullman, G. Designing for Speed, Congestion, and Delay in the Work Zone. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot .gov/wz/workshops/accessible/ullman_speed.htm Relevance: High Description: Discusses control measures in order to incorpo- rate effects of speed, congestion and delay. Ullman, G. L., and S. D. Schrock. Improving Traffic Control Effectiveness in Complex Work Zones. TTI Report. 2003. http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/4021-2.pdf Relevance: High Description: Four key steps, hazard visibility assessment, expectancy violation determination, information load analysis, and information needs specification are described in the context of traffic control at potentially complex work zones. Ullman, G. L., P. A. Barricklow, R. Arredondo, E. R. Rose, and M. D. Fontaine. Traffic Management and Enforcement Tools to Improve Work Zone Safety. TTI Report. 2002. http:// tti.tamu.edu/documents/2137-3.pdf Relevance: High Description: This report presents the results of research to inves- tigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the late-merge lane clo- sure strategy and the CB Wizard technology at work zones in Texas. One traffic management technology recently introduced into the market place that has the potential to directly commu- nicate with drivers of large trucks is the CB Wizard. United States Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transpor- tation Systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems in Work Zones a Case Study: Work Zone Traffic and Incident Manage- ment System: Keeping Traffic Moving During Reconstruction of the Big I, a Major Interstate-Interstate Interchange in Albu- querque. 2004. http://universityofarizona.worldcat.org/ wcpa/oclc/56781535?pageframe&urlwww.itsdocs.fhwa .dot.gov//JPODOCS/REPTS_TE/13941.html%26checksum %3Ddd66b86588503e993027d58f1a83ce48&title&link typedigitalObject&detail

61 Relevance: Moderate Description: The use of ITS for the Big I proved to be very suc- cessful in mitigating the effects of construction on traffic mobil- ity and safety. The NMSHTD plan called for the use of ITS during construction, and also allowed some of the system com- ponents to be made a permanent part of the freeway manage- ment system for the Big I. This case study is one example of how ITS is being implemented across the nation to help agencies better manage traffic while performing necessary infrastructure improvements. Vermont Agency of Transportation. Work Zone Safety & Mobility Guidance Document. 2007. www.aot.state.vt.us/ progdev/Documents/Design/WorkZoneSafetyAndMobility GuidanceDocument/WorkZoneSafetyMobilityGuidance Document.pdf Relevance: High Description: Describes Vermont’s traffic management practices. Virginia DOT. Final Report Improving Night Work Zone Traffic Control. 1999. www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/ online_reports/pdf/00-r8.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: The objective of this study was to examine traffic control for night work zones from the perspective of both agencies and motorists. This was accomplished by investigating practices of state departments of transportation, identifying the problems associated with traffic control for night work zones, and identifying potential strategies to resolve them. Yang, N., G-L. Chang, and K-P. Kang. Simulation-Based Study on a Lane-Based Signal System for Merge Control at Freeway Work Zones. 2009. http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/ servlet/GetabsServlet?prognormal&idJTPEDI0001350 00001000009000001&idtypecvips&gifsyes Relevance: High Description: This paper presents a new lane-based signal merge (LBSM) control system for freeway work zone operations. The experimental results show that under heavily congested traffic conditions the LBSM can outperform all existing control strate- gies with respect to the work zone throughput, the average vehi- cle delay, the average stop delay, and the average number of stops. project delivery and procurement AASHTO. Accelerating Project Delivery. 2007. www.trans portation1.org/tif7report/tif7.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This AASHTO report explores why highway construction projects take so long to be completed. Anastasopoulos, P., S. Labi, and B. McCullouch. Identifying the Appropriate Contract Types for Highway Maintenance and Rehabilitation Projects on the Basis of Project Charac- teristics. Source Data: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2009 Paper #09-2203. 2009. Relevance: High Description: In this study, highway project data from the U.S.A. and abroad are analyzed using simultaneous equation models for the traditional and innovative contract types. These models are estimated by three-stage least squares while duly accounting for the interrelationships between contract duration, length and cost. The results suggest that a number of factors significantly affect the contract characteristics, such as the number of different maintenance activities incorpo- rated in the contract, contract duration, length, and cost, and the asset type that is being preserved or maintained. Anderson, S. D., and I. Damnjanovic. Selection and Evalua- tion of Alternative Contracting Methods to Accelerate Proj- ect Completion. TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 379. 2009. Relevance: High Description: Selection and Evaluation of Alternative Con- tracting Methods to Accelerate Project Completion explores the process for selection of alternative contracting methods that can potentially accelerate project completion. The report also examines factors associated with selecting one type of alternative contracting technique over another. Bayraktar, M. E., and M. Hastak. A Decision Support System for Selecting the Optimal Contracting Strategy in Highway Work Zone Projects. 2009. www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/B6V20-4W1SGFJ-1/2/8d5552048d4916a596c4a9754a 5fecd7 Relevance: High Description: Highway work zone projects are challenging for state highway agencies and contractors as they are often located in urban areas and impact local traffic, business community, and neighborhood leading to a multiparty involvement. There is a dynamic relationship between the involved parties and the performance of any highway work zone project is governed by this dynamic relationship. This paper presents a decision sup- port system to assist state Departments of Transportation in selecting suitable contracting strategies for highway work zone projects by considering, at a macro level, the interrelationships between the stakeholders as well as the critical factors impacting

62 the project. The proposed methodology supplements the cur- rent project decision-making process with regard to important project performance variables such as cost, schedule, quality, safety, and public satisfaction. Cabana, G., G. Liautaud, and A. Faiz. Area Wide Performance- Based Rehabilitation and Maintenance Contracts for Low- Volume Roads. Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1652. 1999. http://trb.metapress.com/content/q252552g42217185/ Relevance: High Description: The new approach encompasses either routine maintenance activities alone or integrated contracts involv- ing both the rehabilitation and routine maintenance of road networks. FHWA. Contracting Strategies. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/ wz/contracting/index.htm Relevance: High Description: Case studies and examples of various contract- ing strategies. FHWA. Primer on Contracting for the 21st Century. 2006. www.transportation.org/sites/construction/docs/ Primer%20on%20Contracting%202006.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This document, which was prepared by the Con- tract Administration Task Force of the AASHTO Subcommittee on Construction, lists various contracting and contract admin- istration techniques that are currently being used by various contracting agencies in their transportation programs. Franklin, C., and S. Berry. Requirements, Choices, and Issues in Work Zone Monitoring. TRIS Order Document: http:// library.its.berkeley.edu. Find a library where document is available. 2009. Relevance: High Description: This article provides summary of rules set by FHWA for work zone monitoring, which went into effect October 12, 2007. They are intended to provide greater safety and mobility of work zones during various stages of roadway projects. Kent, D. Innovative Contracting Techniques that Consider Driver Impact, Use of A+B Bidding. Paper&Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ sheet6.htm Relevance: High Description: Contains presentations and papers to present several contracting methods for work zones. Molenaar, K. R., and G. Yakowenko. Alternative Project Deliv- ery Procurement, and Contracting Methods for Highways. ASCE Publication. http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay .cgi?0700001 Relevance: High Description: Faced with increasing public demand and reduced staff numbers, federal, state, and local agencies are seeking to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public- sector project delivery. This book provides a comprehensive and objective presentation of these methods. It also provides vital information on design-build, construction management at risk, performance-based road maintenance contracts, best- value procurement, quality-based contractor qualification, warranty contracting, and incentive/disincentive contracting. It is essential reading for the road construction industry. New Jersey DOT. New Jersey Road User Cost Manual. 2001. www.state.nj.us/transportation/eng/documents/RUCM/ pdf/RUCManual.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This manual will familiarize the analyst with work zone and traffic characteristics, explain the possible work zone related road user cost components that can occur, and provide a step by step procedure to determine road user costs. Example problems, default hourly traffic percentages, and computation worksheets are also provided to aid the analyst with the road user cost computations. Pakkala, P. Innovative Project Delivery Methods for Infra- structure. Report from Finland. 2002. http://alk.tiehallinto .fi/julkaisut/pdf/pakkalae5.pdf Relevance: High Description: This study, called “Innovative Project Delivery Methods for Infrastructure—An International Perspective,” attempts to demonstrate practices and methods that can be utilized by client organizations to more effectively secure products and services. The goal is to share some of the most innovative or at least the most progressive methods used in several countries. It is important to distinguish between the delivery methods used for “Capital Projects” and “Mainte- nance Contracts.” The details contained in this report are from data and information gathered mostly from the road sector, but they have implications that can be utilized in other infra- structure sectors, as well. The countries included in this study are Australia, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia & Ontario), England, Finland, New Zealand, Sweden, and the USA. Ryan, T. Innovative Project Development and Contracting Tools. Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/ wz/workshops/sheet6.htm

63 Relevance: High Description: Contains presentations and papers to present several contracting methods for work zones. Scott, S., and H. Klei. Innovative Contracting for Major Transportation Projects. 2006. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/ onlinepubs/archive/NotesDocs/20-24(43)_FR.pdf Relevance: High Description: This report summarizes the development and delivery of a workshop for state highway agency CEOs and senior managers responsible for highway construction con- tracting. The workshop was held at the AASHTO 2005 annual meeting in Nashville, Tennessee. Thompson, S. Determining Innovative Contracting Methods to Reduce User Costs. Presentation. 2004–2006. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet6.htm Relevance: High Description: Contains presentations and papers to present several contracting methods for work zones. Trauner Consulting Systems. Best-Value Procurement Meth- ods for Highway Construction Projects. NCHRP Report 561. 2009. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_ rpt_561.pdf Relevance: High Description: Under NCHRP Project 10-61, “Best-Value Pro- curement Methods for Highway Construction Projects,” Trauner Consulting Services, Inc., developed procurement methods, award algorithms, and rating systems for use in awarding best-value highway construction contracts. Screen- ing criteria for selecting projects for application of best- value procurement, implementation strategies, and a model best-value specification were also developed. The research results, documented in NCHRP Report 561, will signifi- cantly enhance the capabilities of highway agencies in using best-value procurement methods in awarding highway con- struction contracts. United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Transac- tional Procurement Strategies & Procurement Planning. 2007. http://content.undp.org/go/userguide/cap/procurement- strategies-and-planning/%3BjsessionidajOyIC5r9wo5? langen Relevance: Low Description: Procurement is an important function to ensure that UNDP meets its organizational goals. While Procurement is a support function for the organization, it is nevertheless a core function and critical to enhancing program/project delivery. Zhu, Y., A. Irtishad, and L. Wang. Estimating Work Zone Road User Cost for Alternative Contracting Methods in Highway Construction Projects. 2009. http://cat.inist.fr/?a ModeleafficheN&cpsidt21724492 Relevance: Moderate Description: Highway construction often causes an addi- tional road user cost to motorists due to traffic flow inter- ruption and congestion in work zones. Consequently, facility owners, such as the Florida Department of Trans- portation (FDOT), are often interested in using alternative contracting methods such as A+B contracting to expedite construction. Although many of these contracting methods rely on the RUC to determine incentives or disincentives, no standard method for RUC calculation is available to FDOT district engineers. In addition, existing methods are neither practical nor user-friendly for determining incentives or disincentives. This study intends to develop a RUC calcula- tion procedure for the FDOT that focuses on using data that are easily accessible to FDOT district engineers, such as draw- ings and maintenance of traffic plans. The procedure is devel- oped based on traffic analysis methods published in the Highway Capacity Manual, previous studies on user benefit analysis and work zones, and empirical data specific to Flor- ida. Case studies are used to illustrate the procedure and to compare it with two other existing models, the Arizona model and the queue and user cost evaluation of work zone model, through correlation analysis, comparison of calculation assumptions, and data input analysis. This study shows that the suggested procedure produces consistent RUC estimates. Other Relevant publications Anderson, S. Guidance for Cost Estimation and Management for Highway Projects During Planning, Programming and Preconstruction. NCHRP Report 574. 2007. http://online pubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_574.pdf Relevance: High Description: The objective of this research is to develop a guidebook on highway cost estimation management and project cost estimation procedures aimed at achieving greater consistency and accuracy between long-range transportation planning, priority programming, and pre- construction cost estimates. The guidebook should provide appropriate strategies, methods, and tools to develop, track, and document realistic cost estimates during each phase of the process. Cammack, P. Year-Round Nebraska Traveler Information. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ sheet2.htm

64 Relevance: High Description: Strategies and case studies for providing infor- mation to travelers regarding work zones. Colorado DOT. Colorado Work Zone Best Practices Safety Guide. 2008. www.dot.state.co.us/Traffic_Manuals_Guide lines/Work_Zones/Work_Zone_Manuals/Work_Zone_ Safety_Guide_English_2007.pdf Relevance: Low Description: Guidebook for safety at work zones in Colorado. Colorado DOT. Work Zone Safety Guidelines for Municipali- ties, Utilities and Contractors. 2005. www.dot.state.co.us/ Traffic_Manuals_Guidelines/Work_Zones/Work_Zone_ Manuals/Work_Zone_Safety_Guidelines_2005.pdf Relevance: Low Description: Guidelines in Colorado for managing traffic in work zones due to utilities, etc. Costello, P. 511 Services “Hit the Road.” Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet2.htm Relevance: High Description: Innovative technologies to provide safety for workers at work zones. District of Columbia. District of Columbia Work Zone Safety and Mobility Policy. 2007. http://ddot.dc.gov/ddot/ lib/ddot/information/temp-traffic-cntrl/workzones/wz_ safety-n-mobility_policyreport.pdf Relevance: Low Description: The District Department of Transportation (DDOT) is committed to reducing congestion in and around work zones without compromising the safety of workers and the public. This policy provides guidance for assessing work zone impacts related to mobility and safety issues on the traveling public across the various stages of all Federal-Aid Highway-funded projects and to develop proper management strategies to reduce these impacts. Hartmann, T., and G. Hawkins, Jr. Revised Process for Work- Zone Decision Making Based on Quantitative Performance Measures. 2009. Source Data: Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2009 Paper #09-1093. Relevance: High Description: A new decision-making process, which addresses the shortcomings in the current decision-making processes, was developed through the course of this research. The new process incorporates a Performance Measure/Treatment matrix, which recommends multiple performance measures, each of which is chosen to measure the mobility impacts par- ticular to a specific work zone implementation. Most impor- tantly, the revised decision-making process incorporates a feedback loop. Quantitative data collected in work zones is analyzed after the work zone is complete, to determine the impacts specific decisions had on mobility in the work zone. The lessons learned in previous work zones are then incorpo- rated into the decision making process, lessening the mobility impacts of future work zones. This research develops the new decision-making process, and examines the issues with the application of the process. Li, Z., and S. Madanu. Highway Project Level Life-Cycle Benefit/Cost Analysis under Certainty, Risk, and Uncertainty: A Methodology with Case Study. 2009. http://assetmanage ment.transportation.org/tam/aashto.nsf/All+Documents/ E 2 E 4 C 8 1 0 7 C E A FA 2 7 8 5 2 5 7 5 1 B 0 0 7 1 C 7 4 B / $ F I L E / ject-level%20life-cycle%20benefit-cost%20analysis%20 under%20certainty%20risk%20and%20uncertainty-%20 a%20methodology%20with%20case%20study_JTE%20 in%20press.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This paper introduces an uncertainty-based meth- odology for highway project level life-cycle benefit/cost analysis that handles certainty, risk, and uncertainty inherited with input factors for the computation. A case study is conducted to assess impacts of risk and uncertainty considerations on esti- mating project benefits and on network-level project selection. First, data on system preservation and expansion, usage, and candidate projects for state highway programming are used to compute project benefits using deterministic, risk-based, and uncertainty-based analysis approaches, respectively. Minnesota DOT. Work Zone Field Handbook. 2004–2009. www.dot.state.mn.us/trafficeng/workzone/2004–2009 Relevance: High Description: Guidelines and rules for work zones in Minnesota. Missouri DOT. MoDOT Work-Zone Guidelines. 2004. www .modot.org/business/documents/MoDOTWorkZonesGuide lines2.pdf Relevance: High Description: Practices and guidelines to reduce traffic impact in Missouri. Ohio DOT. Project Development Process. 2005. Relevance: High Description: The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has developed and implemented a Project Development

65 Process (PDP) that includes regular communication among technical disciplines, results in quality plans and minimizes cost overruns during right-of-way acquisition and project construction. Depending on project size, complexity, and/or potential impact to the environment, ODOT transportation projects are categorized as Minimal, Minor, or Major. The PDP consists of a certain number of steps depending on the project category. Reynolds, K. Work Zone Liability. Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet2.htm Relevance: High Description: Legal Issues impacts on work zones. Ryan, G. The Major Rehabilitation of the Eastbound McClugage Bridge. Paper&Presentation. 2008. http://ops .fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet3.htm Relevance: High Description: Innovative technologies to provide safety for workers at work zones. Uremovich, A. L. Interstate Highways Lane Closure Policy. 2004. www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/memos/ 0308-pc.pdf Relevance: High Description: Discusses general procedures and policies for lane closures, for traffic impact analysis in Indiana. innovative Construction Techniques Bosler, R. Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construc- tion Technology Research Center. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot .gov/wz/workshops/sheet3.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Innovative technologies to provide safety for workers at work zones. Neals, M. New Jersey State Police Construction Unit. Pre- sentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/ sheet4.htm Relevance: Low Description: The use of Enforcement in New Jersey to improve work zone safety. Woo, D-C. Robotics in Highway Construction and Main- tenance. 1995. www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/winter95/p95wi26 .htm Relevance: Moderate Description: This research program has two major goals: to improve the existing techniques, equipment, and methods, and to develop new techniques, equipment, and methods. This is an applied research program based on existing robotics knowledge. nighttime and daytime Work Zone experience Arditi, D., D-E. Lee, and G. Polat. Fatal Accidents in Night- time vs. Daytime Highway Construction Work Zones. 2006. www.sciencedirect.com/science?_obArticleURL&_ udiB6V6F-4P6M8RB-2&_user10&_rdoc1&_fmt&_ origsearch&_sortd&_docanchor&v iewc&_ searchStrId1068124958&_rerunOrigingoogle&_ acctC000050221&_version1&_urlVersion0&_userid 10&md5f7365c4d0814759dd813f751969e6b5a Relevance: Moderate Description: This study investigates fatal accidents that occurred in Illinois highway work zones in the period 1996–2001 in order to determine the safety differences between nighttime and day- time highway construction. The lighting and weather condi- tions were included into the study as control parameters to see their effects on the frequency of fatal accidents occurring in work zones. Bryden and Mace. A Procedure for Assessing and Planning Nighttime Highway Construction and Maintenance. NCHRP 475. 2002. http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/ nchrp_rpt_475.pdf Relevance: Moderate Description: This report presents a decision process to assist highway agencies in evaluating night work alternatives against other work schedules. It provides a comprehensive, quantitative basis for selecting the most cost-effective plan for ensuring the safety of the public and workers, maintain- ing capacity, minimizing the impact on the community, and getting the work completed on schedule. This report will be of particular interest to engineers responsible for scheduling construction and maintenance work. Bryden and Mace. Traffic Control Handbook for Mobile Operations at Night. 2003. SAIC has a copy. Relevance: Moderate Description: This Handbook is intended for use by a wide range of highway practitioners. It emphasizes that adequate advance planning and time to set up and remove good tempo- rary traffic control are essential to ensure the safety of workers and road users.

66 Elrahman, O. A. Night-Time Road Construction Opera- tions Synthesis of Practice. 2008. https://www.nysdot.gov/ divisions/engineering/technical-services/trans-r-and-d- repository/Final%20Night%20Time%20Report.pdf Relevance: High Description: The Transportation Research & Development Bureau (TRDB) performed a literature search on issues related to nighttime construction. This report synthesizes existing literature on nighttime construction operations, rec- ognizes gaps in the current state of knowledge, and identifies research in progress. Kennedy, G. Highway 125 Night. Work Presentation. 2008. http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/wz/workshops/sheet5.htm Relevance: Moderate Description: Discusses safety strategies during night work zone on Highway 125. Schexnayder, C. Effective Noise Control during Nighttime Construction. Presentation/paper. 2003. SAIC has copy of both. Relevance: Low Description: This presentation and paper discusses the urban work zones and how to control noise problem during construc- tion. The first suggestion is controlling noise at the source with the type of equipments used and how to quiet the large machin- ery. The second suggestion is hindering the path of the noise with barriers, moving equipment farther away from the receiver, using landscaping as a shield and dissipater. Ullman, G. L., and M. D. Finley. Traffic Safety Evaluation of Nighttime and Daytime Work Zones. Report NCHRP 627. 2008. http://144.171.11.107/Main/Public/Blurbs/Traffic_ Safety_Evaluation_of_Nighttime_and_Daytime_160500 .aspx Relevance: High Description: This report presents the findings of a research project to determine the crash rates for nighttime and daytime work zones, develop management practices that pro- mote safety and mobility in work zones, and develop work- zone crash reporting recommendations to further improve the data collected on work zone crashes. Relevant SHRp 2 projects Title Pub Type (Paper, Article, Presentation, Report) Publication Source Beginning and End of Study dates (in lieu of publication date) TRB Lead Staff Author(s)/Principal Investigator SHRP 2 C02 A System-Based Performance Measurement Framework for Highway Capacity Decision Making Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2184 2/28/2007–10/30/2009 Steve Andrle J. Hugh Louch, Cambridge Systematics Relevance: High Description: To develop a performance measurement frame- work that informs a collaborative decision making process. The measures should reflect mobility, accessibility, economic, safety, environmental, watershed, habitat, community, and social considerations. This project will produce a framework for using performance measures. The framework will become an integral component of collaborative decision making and decision support tools. Comments/Status: Report released on inventory of perfor- mance measures including PM for non-recurring congestion, including work zones—for reference in Task 2 and beyond. SHRP 2 L03 Analytic Procedures for Determining the Impacts of Reliability Mitigation Strategies Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2179 2/22/2007–12/28/2009 William Hyman Rich Margiotta Relevance: High Description: To develop technical relationships between reli- ability improvement strategies and reliability performance metrics. Comments/Status: Project near completion; focus on non- recurring events, incident management; strategic implica- tions may apply to work zones—will monitor closely. SHRP2 L11 Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time Reliability Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay. asp?ProjectID=2192 9/3/2008–3/2/2010 William Hyman John Zegeer (Kittleson & Associates) Relevance: High Description: This research is intended to identify and evaluate strategies and tactics to satisfy the travel time reliability requirements of users of the roadway network—those engaged in both freight and person transport in urban and rural areas. The strategies must serve the near and more distant future and

67 incorporate current and innovative approaches, both low- tech and high-tech. Comment/Status: Project nearing completion, includes eval- uation of performance measures, important for Task 2. SHRP 2 L07 Evaluation of Cost-Effectiveness of Highway Design Features Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2181 1/7/2008–1/6/2012 William Hyman Ingrid Potts, Midwest Research Institute Relevance: Moderate Description: The objective of this project is to identify the full range of possible roadway design features used by transporta- tion agencies on freeways and major arterials to improve travel time reliability, assess their costs, operational effectiveness, and safety, and provide recommendations for their use and even- tual incorporation into appropriate design guides. Comments/Status: Applications of geometric design, shoul- ders, etc., on capacity and movement can help in assessing lane strategies for renewal. At midpoint, will monitor closely. SHRP 2 C10A Partnership to Develop an Integrated, Advanced Travel Demand Model and a Fine-Grained, Time- Sensitive Network Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2829 8/13/2009–2/12/2012 Steve Andrle Stephen Lawe, RSG Relevance: Low/moderate Description: The primary objective of this project is to make operational in two public agencies a dynamic integrated model–an integrated, advanced travel-demand model with a fine-grained, time-dependent network (integrated activi- ties and networks). C10A is a collaborative case study in Jacksonville, FL. Comments/Status: Not anticipated to be completed in time to be pertinent to our project, but we will monitor—relying on open-source software, could have relevance. SHRP 2 C10B Partnership to Develop an Integrated Advanced Travel Demand Model with Mode Choice Capability and Fine-Grained, Time-Sensitive Networks Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2828 9/1/2009–2/28/2012 Steve Andrle Tom Rossi Relevance: Low/moderate Description: C10B is a case study in Sacramento, CA. Comments/Status: Not anticipated to be completed in time to be pertinent to our project, but we will monitor—relying on open-source software, could have relevance. SHRP 2 L04 Incorporating Reliability Performance Mea- sures in Operations and Planning Modeling Tools Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2193 2/6/2009–2/6/2012 William Hyman Yannis Stogias (Delcan) Relevance: Low/moderate Description: One of its objectives is to develop performance measure for travel time reliability at work zones. Comments/Status: Project just getting started; has increasing potential as it progresses, will monitor closely. “How to mea- sure reliability” a potential key contribution. SHRP 2 R04 Innovative Bridge Designs for Rapid Renewal Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2167 10/8/2007–10/7/2011 Monica Starnes Kenneth Price (HNTB) Relevance: Moderate Description: The objective of this project is to develop stan- dardized approaches to designing, constructing, and reusing (including future widening) complete bridge systems that address rapid renewal needs and efficiently integrate modern construction equipment. Comments/Status: This is project-based, but as bridges are often critical links in corridors and networks, we believe it has relevance to our study. SHRP 2 C01 A Framework for Collaborative Decision Making on Additions to Highway Capacity Webpage on research in progress http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2161 2/9/2007–2/8/2010 Steve Andrle Janet D’Ignazio, ICF Relevance: Low Description: (1) Develop a systems-based, transparent, well- defined framework for consistently reaching collaborative

68 decisions on transportation capacity enhancements and (2) identify a SHRP 2 research strategy for addressing gaps in supporting information systems. Comments/Status: C01 “merged” into C07—overall project development review—no discernible impact on our study. SHRP 2 C07 Integrating SHRP 2 Products into the Collab- orative Decision making Process Webpage—project not yet started http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2346 Not yet initiated-recently awarded to ICF sole source Steve Andrle Janet D’Ignazio, ICF Relevance: Low Description: The objectives of this research are (1) to integrate the results of SHRP 2 Capacity research into the collaborative decision-making and performance-measurement frame- works, especially Projects C02, C03, C06A&B, C08, C09, C12, and C15, and L05; (2) Incorporate into the Collaborative Decision-making Framework the results of NCHRP 25-25 (27) and related work linking outputs from the highway plan- ning and programming to project management Comments/Status: C01 “merged” into C07—overall project development review—no discernible impact on our study. SHRP 2 L05 Incorporating Reliability Performance Mea- sures into the Transportation Planning and Program- ming Processes Webpage http://144.171.11.40/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay .asp?ProjectID=2194 Relevance: Low Description: Discusses how to incorporate the reliability measures as part of Planning and Programming. Comments/Status: Just awarded, looking primarily at new capital programs; work zones are not a major component. “How to measure reliability” a potential key contribution.