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Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies provides valuable information about current and accepted practices associated with physical security and its applicability to surface transportation. The main audience for this document is transporta- tion personnel without a security background whose work requires them to address, per- form, or supervise security activities as part of their overall job responsibilities. Although this document is designed for those with minimal or no formal security training or expe- rience, the report is also a handy reference guide sufficiently detailed to be of use to security professionals as well. Each chapter addresses fundamental aspects of security strategy, management, or plan- ning. Chapter summaries follow. Chapter 1 provides a conceptual overview of risk management and then differentiates between risk management and risk assessment so as to reduce confusion resulting from nomenclature. The chapter also presents an overview of the basic steps in risk assessment with an emphasis on describing transportation-related threat and vulnerability analysis and the performance of security surveys. After conducting its risk assessment, the transportation agency should develop a security plan. In Chapter 2, planning objectives are presented along with an examination of the core elements needed to ensure that a comprehensive plan is developed. Organizational roles and accountabilities are identified with an emphasis on plan maintenance. The chapter concludes with a multi-year overview of the security funding cycle that addresses both operating and capital budget considerations. For security planning to be effective, appropriate risk reduction methods that can mini- mize or eliminate identified vulnerabilities must be deployed. Chapter 3 provides an overview of many of the tools and countermeasures that should be considered in the imple- mentation phase of planning so as to improve the security of critical infrastructure and facil- ities, information systems, and other areas. Concentration is focused on physical security countermeasures, including alarm and intrusion detection systems, video surveillance, light- ing, fencing, and manual and electronic locking mechanisms. Chapter 4 begins with an explanation of the myriad issues associated with fielding a secu- rity force and the types of data that can be used to determine the best coverage options avail- able. The advantages and disadvantages of hiring security consultants or security contractors is then discussed, followed by commentary on the importance of involving the agencyâs non- security personnel in the security effort. The chapter concludes with an overview of security training, starting at the awareness level and proceeding through to the conduct of full-scale exercises and drills. 1 S U M M A R Y
The transportation operating environment creates significant challenges for security plan- ners charged with properly determining which of the agencyâs assets require protection. Chapter 5 frames the question for decisionmakers and then summarizes some of the meth- ods used to rate and prioritize critical assets. The chapter then addresses the specifics of building and facility security, transportation bridges and tunnels, and rolling stock. Chapter 6 identifies core components of the Federal governmentâs homeland security protection strategies. The objective of the materials is to familiarize users with the DHS- driven ânational preparedness architectureâ that forms the basis for governmental action. By reviewing these activities, in particular those of the executive and legislative branches, that relate to the transportation sector, agencies can gain a sense of the national strategies and supportive frameworks available to help them reduce security risks. Additional valuable information is provided in appendixes. Appendix A provides an annotated bibliography along with information on subject matter and how or where to acquire copies of the material. Appendix B contains over 100 additional references, includ- ing additional source information. Appendix C lists more than 1,000 security-related acronyms and abbreviations compiled during the literature review. Appendix D lists over 1,000 security-related terms and definitions. In some instances, more than one definition for a term or word is givenâthis reflects the broad range of source documents used in the current state of accepted practice. 2 Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies
