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Page 118
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2007. Guidelines for Concrete Mixtures Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Bridge Decks. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23181.
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Page 118
Page 119
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2007. Guidelines for Concrete Mixtures Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Bridge Decks. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23181.
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Page 119

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118 1. Portland Cement Association, “Supplementary Cementing Mate- rials for Use in Concrete,” CD format (2002). 2. Derringer, G., and Suich, R., “Simultaneous Optimization of Sev- eral Response Variables,” Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 12 (1980) pp. 214–219. 3. Malhotra, V.M., and Ramezanianpour, A.A., Fly Ash in Concrete, 2nd Edition. CANMET (1994) 307 pp. 4. ACI Committee 232, “232.2R-96: Use of Fly Ash in Concrete,” Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farm- ington Hills, MI (1996). 5. Fernandez, L., and Malhotra, V.M., “Mechanical Properties, Abrasion Resistance, and Chloride Permeability of Concrete Incorporating Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag,” Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, Vol. 12, No. 2 (1990) pp. 87–100. 6. ACI Committee 233, “233R-95: Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as a Cementitious Constituent in Concrete,” Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1995). 7. ACI Committee 234, “234R-96: Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete,” Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1996). 8. Taylor, P.C., and Burg, R.G., “Low-Cost, Durable Concrete,” The Concrete Producer (April 1999) pp. 33–34. 9. Ding, J.-T., and Li, Z., “Effects of Metakaolin and Silica Fume on Properties of Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 99, No. 4 (July–Aug. 2002) pp. 393–398. 10. Barger, G.S., Lukkarila, M.R., Martin, D.L., Lane, S.B., Hansen, E.R., Ross, M.W., and Thompson, J.L., “Evaluation of a Blended Cement and a Mineral Admixture Containing Calcined Clay Nat- ural Pozzolan for High-Performance Concrete,” Sixth International Purdue Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Materials for High Performance, West Lafayette, IN, Proceedings Vol. 1, (November 18–21, 1997). 11. Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1996) 844 pp. 12. Raphael, J.M. “Tensile Strength of Concrete,” ACI Materials Jour- nal, 81-17, (March–April 1984), pp. 158–165. 13. “Fly Ash in Concrete Part II—How It is Used: Proportioning and Testing,” Concrete Construction (May 1982) available at www.world- ofconcrete.com. 14. Caldarone, M.A., Gruber, K.A., and Burg, R.G., “High-Reactivity Metakaolin: A New Generation Mineral Admixture,” Concrete International (November 1994) pp. 37–40. 15. Ravina, D., “Slump Loss of Fly Ash Concrete,” Concrete Interna- tional, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1984) pp. 35–39. 16. “ACI Education Bulletin E3-01, Cementitious Materials for Con- crete,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (2001). 17. Detwiler, R.J., Bhatty, J.I., Barger, G., and Hansen, E. R., “Durabil- ity of Concrete Containing Calcined Clay,” Concrete International (April 2001) pp. 43–47. 18. Hooton, R.D., “Canadian Use of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as a Supplementary Cementing Material for Enhanced Perfor- mance of Concrete,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 4 (2000) pp. 754–760. 19. Balogh, A., “Using Slag to Enhance Concrete Performance,” Concrete Construction (March 1994) pp. 235–240. 20. Goodspeed, C., Vanikar, S., and Cook, R., “High-Performance Concrete (HPC) Defined for Highway Structures,” Concrete Inter- national, Vol. 18, No. 2 (1996) pp. 62–67. 21. Kosmatka, S.H., Kerkhoff, B., and Panarese, W.C., Design and Con- trol of Concrete Mixtures, 14th Edition. Portland Cement Associa- tion (2002) 372 pp. 22. Powers, T.C., “Void Spacing as a Basis for Producing Air-Entrained Concrete,” Journal of American Concrete Institute, Vol. 25, No. 9 (1954) pp. 741–760. 23. Hover, K.C., “Air Content and Unit Weight of Hardened Con- crete.” Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete- Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericksburg, VA (1994) pp. 296–314. 24. ACI Committee 201, “201.2R-01: Guide to Durable Concrete,” Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farm- ington Hills, MI (2001). 25. Newlon, H., Jr., and Mitchell, T.M., “Freezing and Thawing.” Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericksburg, VA (1994) pp. 153–163. 26. Browne, F.P., and Cady, P.D., “Deicer Scaling Mechanisms in Con- crete,” Durability of Concrete, ACI SP 47-6, American Concrete In- stitute, Detroit, MI (1975) pp. 101–120. 27. Newlon, H., Jr., “Resistance to Weathering,” Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, STP:169B, ASTM, Baltimore, MD (1978) pp. 351–368. 28. Saric-Coric, M., and Aïtcin, P.-C., “Is ASTM C 672 Curing Procedure Still Appropriate to Test the Scaling Resistance of Blended Cements?” Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, Vol. 24 (2002) pp. 92–96. 29. Lankard, D., “Scaling Revisited,” Concrete International (May 2001) pp. 43–49. 30. Talbot, C., Pigeon, M., and Marchand, J., “SP192-39: Influence of Fly Ash and Slag on Deicer Salt Scaling Resistance of Concrete,” References

119 Fifth ACI/CANMET International Conference on the Durability of Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (2000) pp. 645–657. 31. Afrani, I., and Rogers, C., “The Effects of Different Cementing Materials and Curing on Concrete Scaling,” Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1994) pp. 132–139. 32. ACI Committee 318, “318-02: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (2002) p. 43. 33. Pigeon, M., Perraton, D., and Pleau, R., “SP-100: Scaling Tests of Silica Fume Concrete and the Critical Spacing Factor Concept,” Concrete Durability, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1987) pp. 1155–1182. 34. Sørensen, E.V., “Freezing and Thawing Resistance of Condensed Silica Fume (Microsilica) Concrete Exposed to Deicing Chemi- cals,” Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Other Mineral By-Products in Concrete, Proceedings of the First CANMET/ACI International Conference, SP-79, V.M. Malhotra, editor, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1983) pp. 709–718. 35. Sherman, M.R., McDonald, D.B., and Pfeifer, D.W., “Durability Aspects of Precast Prestressed Concrete—Part 2: Chloride Perme- ability Study,” PCI Journal, Vol. 41, No. 4 (July–August 1996) pp. 75–95. 36. Berke, N.S., and Hicks, M.C., “Predicting Chloride Profiles in Con- crete,” Corrosion, Vol. 50, No. 3 (March 1994) pp. 234–239. 37. Suryavanashi, A.K., Swamy, R.N., and Cardew, G.E., “Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients for Chloride Ion Penetration into Struc- tural Concrete,” ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 99, No. 5 (September– October 2002) pp. 441–449. 38. Pfeifer, D.W., McDonald, D.B., and Krauss, P.D., “The Rapid Chloride Permeability Test and Its Correlation to the 90-day Chlo- ride Ponding Test,” PCI Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1 (January–February 1994) pp. 38–47. 39. Andrade, C., “Calculation of Chloride Diffusion Coefficients in Concrete from Ionic Migration Measurements,” Cement and Con- crete Research, Vol. 23 (1993) pp. 724–742. 40. Lafave, J.M., Pfeifer, D.W., Sund, D.J., Lovett, D., and Civjan, S.A., “Using Mineral and Chemical Durability-Enhancing Admixtures in Concrete,” Concrete International, Vol. 24, No. 8 (August 2002) pp. 71–78. 41. Gruber, K.A., Ramlochan, T., Boddy, A., Hooton, R.D., and Thomas, M.D.A., “Increasing Concrete Durability with High-Reactivity Meta- kaolin,” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 23 (2001) pp. 479–484. 42. Scanlon, J.M., and Sherman, M.R., “Fly Ash Concrete: An Evalua- tion of Chloride Penetration Testing Methods,” Concrete Interna- tional, Vol. 18, No. 6 (June 1996) pp. 57–62. 43. Tanaka, Y., Kawano, H., Watanabe, H., and Nakajo, T., “Study on Required Cover Depth of Concrete Highway Bridges in Coastal En- vironments,” 17th U.S.–Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop (2001). 44. Liu, T.C., “Abrasion Resistance,” Significance of Tests and Proper- ties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericks- burg, VA (1994) pp. 182–191. 45. Gebler, S.H., and Klieger, P. “Effect of Fly Ash on Some Physical Properties of Concrete,” Research and Development Bulletin RD089, Portland Cement Association (1986). 46. Laplante, P.C., Aïtcin, P.C., and Vezina, D., “Abrasion Resistance of Concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1 (February 1991) pp. 19–28. 47. Krauss, P.D., and Rogalla, E.A., NCHRP Report 380: Transverse Cracking in Newly Constructed Bridge Decks, Transportation Re- search Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1996) 126 pp. 48. Klieger, P., and Perenchio, W., “Laboratory Studies of Blended Ce- ment: Portland-Pozzolan Cements,” Research and Development Bulletin RD013, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL (1972). 49. Brooks, J., and Neville, A., “Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete as Af- fected by Admixtures and Cement Replacement Materials.” Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete Effect of Materials and Environment, SP135, Detroit, MI (1992) pp. 19–36. 50. Li, Z., Qi, M., Li, Z., and Ma, B., “Crack Width of High-Performance Concrete Due to Restrained Shrinkage.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3 (August 1999) pp. 214–223. 51. Canadian Standards Association, “A23.4-00, Precast Concrete— Materials and Construction/Qualification Code for Architectural and Structural Precast Concrete Products” (2002). 52. Kadri, E., and Duval, R., “Effect of Silica Fume on the Heat of Hy- dration of High-Performance Concrete,” Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, SP199, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI (1999). 53. Alshamsi, A., “Microsilica and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Effects on Hydration Temperature.” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 27, No. 12 (September 1997) pp. 1851–1859. 54. McCullough, B.F., and Rasmussen, R.O., Fast-Track Paving: Con- crete Temperature Control and Traffic Opening Criteria for Bonded Concrete Overlays Volume II: HIPERPAV User’s Manual, Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA-RD-98-168, Washington (1999). 55. Struble, L., and Hawkins, P., “Hydraulic Cements—Physical Prop- erties,” Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete- Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericksburg, VA (1994) pp. 449–461. 56. Shilstone, J.M., Sr., “Concrete Mixture Optimization,” Concrete International (June 1990) pp. 33–39. 57. Portland Cement Association, “Guide Specification for Concrete Subject to Alkali-Silica Reactions,” PCA R&D Serial No. 2001, Skokie, IL (1998) 8 pp. 58. Fournier, B., Bérubé, M.-A., and Rogers, C., “Proposed Guidelines for the Prevention of Alkali-Silica Reaction in New Concrete Struc- tures,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board No. 1668 (1999) pp. 48–53. 59. ACI Committee 211, “211.1-91: Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight and Mass Concrete,” Man- ual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1995). 60. Mehta, P.K., and Aïtcin, P.C., “Principles Underlying Production of High-Performance Concrete,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, CCAGDP, Vol. 12, No. 2 (1990) pp. 70–78. 61. Montgomery, D.C., and Runger, G.C., Applied Statistics and Prob- ability for Engineers, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2003).

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 566: Guidelines for Concrete Mixtures Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Bridge Decks is designed to help facilitate the use of supplementary cementitious materials to enhance durability of concrete used in highway construction, especially bridge decks. The report includes a methodology for selecting optimum concrete mixture proportions that focuses on durability aspects of concrete and the performance requirements for specific environmental conditions. The methodology is presented in a text format and as a computational tool, in the form of a Visual Basic-driven Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Background information and a hypothetical case study was published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 110: Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Concrete Bridge Decks. The Statistical Experimental Design for Optimizing Concrete (SEDOC), the computational tool for the concrete mixture optimization methodology, and the user's guide are available in a ZIP format for download.

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