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118 1. Portland Cement Association, âSupplementary Cementing Mate- rials for Use in Concrete,â CD format (2002). 2. Derringer, G., and Suich, R., âSimultaneous Optimization of Sev- eral Response Variables,â Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 12 (1980) pp. 214â219. 3. Malhotra, V.M., and Ramezanianpour, A.A., Fly Ash in Concrete, 2nd Edition. CANMET (1994) 307 pp. 4. ACI Committee 232, â232.2R-96: Use of Fly Ash in Concrete,â Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farm- ington Hills, MI (1996). 5. Fernandez, L., and Malhotra, V.M., âMechanical Properties, Abrasion Resistance, and Chloride Permeability of Concrete Incorporating Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag,â Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, Vol. 12, No. 2 (1990) pp. 87â100. 6. ACI Committee 233, â233R-95: Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as a Cementitious Constituent in Concrete,â Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1995). 7. ACI Committee 234, â234R-96: Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete,â Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1996). 8. Taylor, P.C., and Burg, R.G., âLow-Cost, Durable Concrete,â The Concrete Producer (April 1999) pp. 33â34. 9. Ding, J.-T., and Li, Z., âEffects of Metakaolin and Silica Fume on Properties of Concrete,â ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 99, No. 4 (JulyâAug. 2002) pp. 393â398. 10. Barger, G.S., Lukkarila, M.R., Martin, D.L., Lane, S.B., Hansen, E.R., Ross, M.W., and Thompson, J.L., âEvaluation of a Blended Cement and a Mineral Admixture Containing Calcined Clay Nat- ural Pozzolan for High-Performance Concrete,â Sixth International Purdue Conference on Concrete Pavement Design and Materials for High Performance, West Lafayette, IN, Proceedings Vol. 1, (November 18â21, 1997). 11. Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1996) 844 pp. 12. Raphael, J.M. âTensile Strength of Concrete,â ACI Materials Jour- nal, 81-17, (MarchâApril 1984), pp. 158â165. 13. âFly Ash in Concrete Part IIâHow It is Used: Proportioning and Testing,â Concrete Construction (May 1982) available at www.world- ofconcrete.com. 14. Caldarone, M.A., Gruber, K.A., and Burg, R.G., âHigh-Reactivity Metakaolin: A New Generation Mineral Admixture,â Concrete International (November 1994) pp. 37â40. 15. Ravina, D., âSlump Loss of Fly Ash Concrete,â Concrete Interna- tional, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1984) pp. 35â39. 16. âACI Education Bulletin E3-01, Cementitious Materials for Con- crete,â American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (2001). 17. Detwiler, R.J., Bhatty, J.I., Barger, G., and Hansen, E. R., âDurabil- ity of Concrete Containing Calcined Clay,â Concrete International (April 2001) pp. 43â47. 18. Hooton, R.D., âCanadian Use of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as a Supplementary Cementing Material for Enhanced Perfor- mance of Concrete,â Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 4 (2000) pp. 754â760. 19. Balogh, A., âUsing Slag to Enhance Concrete Performance,â Concrete Construction (March 1994) pp. 235â240. 20. Goodspeed, C., Vanikar, S., and Cook, R., âHigh-Performance Concrete (HPC) Defined for Highway Structures,â Concrete Inter- national, Vol. 18, No. 2 (1996) pp. 62â67. 21. Kosmatka, S.H., Kerkhoff, B., and Panarese, W.C., Design and Con- trol of Concrete Mixtures, 14th Edition. Portland Cement Associa- tion (2002) 372 pp. 22. Powers, T.C., âVoid Spacing as a Basis for Producing Air-Entrained Concrete,â Journal of American Concrete Institute, Vol. 25, No. 9 (1954) pp. 741â760. 23. Hover, K.C., âAir Content and Unit Weight of Hardened Con- crete.â Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete- Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericksburg, VA (1994) pp. 296â314. 24. ACI Committee 201, â201.2R-01: Guide to Durable Concrete,â Manual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farm- ington Hills, MI (2001). 25. Newlon, H., Jr., and Mitchell, T.M., âFreezing and Thawing.â Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericksburg, VA (1994) pp. 153â163. 26. Browne, F.P., and Cady, P.D., âDeicer Scaling Mechanisms in Con- crete,â Durability of Concrete, ACI SP 47-6, American Concrete In- stitute, Detroit, MI (1975) pp. 101â120. 27. Newlon, H., Jr., âResistance to Weathering,â Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, STP:169B, ASTM, Baltimore, MD (1978) pp. 351â368. 28. Saric-Coric, M., and Aïtcin, P.-C., âIs ASTM C 672 Curing Procedure Still Appropriate to Test the Scaling Resistance of Blended Cements?â Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, Vol. 24 (2002) pp. 92â96. 29. Lankard, D., âScaling Revisited,â Concrete International (May 2001) pp. 43â49. 30. Talbot, C., Pigeon, M., and Marchand, J., âSP192-39: Influence of Fly Ash and Slag on Deicer Salt Scaling Resistance of Concrete,â References
119 Fifth ACI/CANMET International Conference on the Durability of Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (2000) pp. 645â657. 31. Afrani, I., and Rogers, C., âThe Effects of Different Cementing Materials and Curing on Concrete Scaling,â Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, Vol. 16, No. 2 (1994) pp. 132â139. 32. ACI Committee 318, â318-02: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete,â American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (2002) p. 43. 33. Pigeon, M., Perraton, D., and Pleau, R., âSP-100: Scaling Tests of Silica Fume Concrete and the Critical Spacing Factor Concept,â Concrete Durability, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1987) pp. 1155â1182. 34. Sørensen, E.V., âFreezing and Thawing Resistance of Condensed Silica Fume (Microsilica) Concrete Exposed to Deicing Chemi- cals,â Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Other Mineral By-Products in Concrete, Proceedings of the First CANMET/ACI International Conference, SP-79, V.M. Malhotra, editor, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1983) pp. 709â718. 35. Sherman, M.R., McDonald, D.B., and Pfeifer, D.W., âDurability Aspects of Precast Prestressed ConcreteâPart 2: Chloride Perme- ability Study,â PCI Journal, Vol. 41, No. 4 (JulyâAugust 1996) pp. 75â95. 36. Berke, N.S., and Hicks, M.C., âPredicting Chloride Profiles in Con- crete,â Corrosion, Vol. 50, No. 3 (March 1994) pp. 234â239. 37. Suryavanashi, A.K., Swamy, R.N., and Cardew, G.E., âEstimation of Diffusion Coefficients for Chloride Ion Penetration into Struc- tural Concrete,â ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 99, No. 5 (Septemberâ October 2002) pp. 441â449. 38. Pfeifer, D.W., McDonald, D.B., and Krauss, P.D., âThe Rapid Chloride Permeability Test and Its Correlation to the 90-day Chlo- ride Ponding Test,â PCI Journal, Vol. 39, No. 1 (JanuaryâFebruary 1994) pp. 38â47. 39. Andrade, C., âCalculation of Chloride Diffusion Coefficients in Concrete from Ionic Migration Measurements,â Cement and Con- crete Research, Vol. 23 (1993) pp. 724â742. 40. Lafave, J.M., Pfeifer, D.W., Sund, D.J., Lovett, D., and Civjan, S.A., âUsing Mineral and Chemical Durability-Enhancing Admixtures in Concrete,â Concrete International, Vol. 24, No. 8 (August 2002) pp. 71â78. 41. Gruber, K.A., Ramlochan, T., Boddy, A., Hooton, R.D., and Thomas, M.D.A., âIncreasing Concrete Durability with High-Reactivity Meta- kaolin,â Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 23 (2001) pp. 479â484. 42. Scanlon, J.M., and Sherman, M.R., âFly Ash Concrete: An Evalua- tion of Chloride Penetration Testing Methods,â Concrete Interna- tional, Vol. 18, No. 6 (June 1996) pp. 57â62. 43. Tanaka, Y., Kawano, H., Watanabe, H., and Nakajo, T., âStudy on Required Cover Depth of Concrete Highway Bridges in Coastal En- vironments,â 17th U.S.âJapan Bridge Engineering Workshop (2001). 44. Liu, T.C., âAbrasion Resistance,â Significance of Tests and Proper- ties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericks- burg, VA (1994) pp. 182â191. 45. Gebler, S.H., and Klieger, P. âEffect of Fly Ash on Some Physical Properties of Concrete,â Research and Development Bulletin RD089, Portland Cement Association (1986). 46. Laplante, P.C., Aïtcin, P.C., and Vezina, D., âAbrasion Resistance of Concrete,â Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1 (February 1991) pp. 19â28. 47. Krauss, P.D., and Rogalla, E.A., NCHRP Report 380: Transverse Cracking in Newly Constructed Bridge Decks, Transportation Re- search Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC (1996) 126 pp. 48. Klieger, P., and Perenchio, W., âLaboratory Studies of Blended Ce- ment: Portland-Pozzolan Cements,â Research and Development Bulletin RD013, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL (1972). 49. Brooks, J., and Neville, A., âCreep and Shrinkage of Concrete as Af- fected by Admixtures and Cement Replacement Materials.â Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete Effect of Materials and Environment, SP135, Detroit, MI (1992) pp. 19â36. 50. Li, Z., Qi, M., Li, Z., and Ma, B., âCrack Width of High-Performance Concrete Due to Restrained Shrinkage.â Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 3 (August 1999) pp. 214â223. 51. Canadian Standards Association, âA23.4-00, Precast Concreteâ Materials and Construction/Qualification Code for Architectural and Structural Precast Concrete Productsâ (2002). 52. Kadri, E., and Duval, R., âEffect of Silica Fume on the Heat of Hy- dration of High-Performance Concrete,â Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, SP199, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI (1999). 53. Alshamsi, A., âMicrosilica and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Effects on Hydration Temperature.â Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 27, No. 12 (September 1997) pp. 1851â1859. 54. McCullough, B.F., and Rasmussen, R.O., Fast-Track Paving: Con- crete Temperature Control and Traffic Opening Criteria for Bonded Concrete Overlays Volume II: HIPERPAV Userâs Manual, Federal Highway Administration Report FHWA-RD-98-168, Washington (1999). 55. Struble, L., and Hawkins, P., âHydraulic CementsâPhysical Prop- erties,â Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete- Making Materials, 4th Edition, P. Klieger and J.F. Lamond, editors, STP:169c, ASTM, Fredericksburg, VA (1994) pp. 449â461. 56. Shilstone, J.M., Sr., âConcrete Mixture Optimization,â Concrete International (June 1990) pp. 33â39. 57. Portland Cement Association, âGuide Specification for Concrete Subject to Alkali-Silica Reactions,â PCA R&D Serial No. 2001, Skokie, IL (1998) 8 pp. 58. Fournier, B., Bérubé, M.-A., and Rogers, C., âProposed Guidelines for the Prevention of Alkali-Silica Reaction in New Concrete Struc- tures,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board No. 1668 (1999) pp. 48â53. 59. ACI Committee 211, â211.1-91: Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight and Mass Concrete,â Man- ual of Concrete Practice, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI (1995). 60. Mehta, P.K., and Aïtcin, P.C., âPrinciples Underlying Production of High-Performance Concrete,â Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, CCAGDP, Vol. 12, No. 2 (1990) pp. 70â78. 61. Montgomery, D.C., and Runger, G.C., Applied Statistics and Prob- ability for Engineers, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2003).