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Suggested Citation:"Contents." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23398.
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Page 1
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Suggested Citation:"Contents." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23398.
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Page 2
Page 3
Suggested Citation:"Contents." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23398.
×
Page 3
Page 4
Suggested Citation:"Contents." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23398.
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Page 4

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

1 Summary P A R T 1 Research Results about the PSP 5 Chapter 1 Why Should STAs Formalize the PSP? 5 Background 5 The Payoffs of an Effective PSP 7 Chapter 2 What Is the Current Practice? 7 Outreach and Definition 7 Time Frame for Performing the PSP 7 Tools in Use 7 Activities Covered 7 Performance Measurement Techniques 8 Experts Involved 8 Critical Issues and Challenges 10 Chapter 3 What Is an Effective PSP? 10 Definition 10 A Generic Approach 11 Model Used for Development 11 The Framework 14 When to Perform the PSP 18 Integration of the Project Delivery and Project Scoping Processes 20 Chapter 4 How Can an Agency Implement an Effective PSP? 20 Process Implementation 20 Early Advance Engineering and Design 20 Involvement of Multiple Disciplines 20 Setting the Project’s Baselines 21 Process Time Allotment 21 Process Adoption 22 Chapter 5 How Can an Agency Use This Guidebook? 22 Project Scoping Continuum 22 Scalability 23 Tools and Techniques to Support a PSP 23 Links to Resources and Tools to Support a PSP C O N T E N T S

P A R T 2 Implementation Guidelines 27 Introduction 27 Hierarchy 27 Layout 28 Project Scalability Considerations 28 Qualification 29 A1 Develop Project 30 A11 Select PSP Team 31 A111 Identify Discipline Needs to Be Addressed 32 A112 Identify Key Internal Participants and External Stakeholders 34 A113 Prepare Organizational Chart 35 A12 Conduct Site Visit 36 A121 Prepare for Site Visit 37 A122 Confirm Project Information 38 A123 Identify Required Investigations for PSP 39 A124 Reconfirm Context-Sensitive Issues 40 A13 Solicit Input from Public 41 A131 Identify Stakeholders/Identify Affected Populations and Communities 42 A132 Receive/Record Input from Stakeholders, Populations, and Communities 43 A14 Refine Project Concept 44 A141 Identify and Document Future Expansion and Alternative Consideration 45 A142 Refine Project Purpose and Need Document 46 A143 Refine Project Characteristics 47 A15 Prepare Conceptual Cost Estimate 48 A151 Determine Basis for Conceptual Cost Estimate 50 A152 Prepare Base Conceptual Estimate 51 A153 Determine Major Risks and Set Contingency 53 A154 Review Conceptual Cost Estimate 55 A155 Approve Conceptual Cost Estimate 56 A16 Summarize Key Project Characteristics 58 A2 Analyze Alternatives and Document Findings 60 A21 Conduct Real Property Research 61 A211 Gather ROW Maps 62 A212 Gather Information about Real Property Interests and Restrictions 63 A213 Assemble Real Property Research Results 63 A22 Conduct Preliminary Utility Conflict Analysis 64 A221 Gather Information from Utility Owners 65 A222 Gather Information through One Call 66 A223 Conduct Initial Assessment of Utility Impacts 67 A23 Survey Existing Environmental Conditions 68 A231 Identify Resources and Impacts, Critical Environmental Impacts, and Sensitive Receptors 70 A232 Document Administrative Record of Conditions, Resources, and Impacts 71 A233 Determine Type of Environmental Document (EIS, EA, CE)

72 A24 Develop Preliminary Schematics 73 A241 Determine Schematic Layout 74 A242 Align Horizontal and Vertical Elements 76 A243 Develop Cross-Sectional Elements 77 A244 Determine Access Limits during Construction and Operation 78 A25 Solicit Input from Public Stakeholders 79 A251 Identify Project-Specific Stakeholders, Populations, Affected Owners, and Communities 80 A252 Notify Affected Populations, Properties, and Communities and Receive Input 81 A253 Prepare Draft Mitigation Plan 82 A26 Develop Conceptual TMP 83 A261 Determine TMP Components to Be Analyzed 84 A262 Develop TMP Datasheet 85 A263 Conduct TMP Studies for the Alternatives 86 A264 Perform TMP Cost Estimate 87 A265 Select Recommended TMP for Each Alternative 88 A27 Prepare Preliminary Scoping Estimate 89 A271 Determine Estimate Basis for Alternatives 90 A272 Prepare Base Estimate for Alternatives 91 A273 Determine Risks and Set Contingency for Alternatives 93 A274 Review Estimate for Alternatives 94 A275 Approve Estimate for Alternatives 95 A28 Select Recommended Project Alternative 96 A281 Summarize Alternative Analyses 97 A282 Conduct Ranking Analysis 98 A283 Select Project Alternative 99 A284 Evaluate Project Definition Completeness 100 A3 Develop Recommended Alternative 102 A31 Develop Preliminary Drawings 103 A311 Identify Agency Approval Requirements 104 A312 Identify Documentation/Deliverables 105 A313 Identify Computing CAD/Model Requirements 106 A314 Produce Preliminary Drawings 107 A32 Determine Real Property Requirements 108 A321 Gather Additional Data to Refine Recommended Alternative 109 A322 Survey Existing ROW and Real Property Lines 110 A323 Prepare ROW Map 111 A324 Assess Preliminary Relocation Assistance Needs 112 A33 Engage Public 113 A331 Identify Stakeholders, Populations, Affected Owners, and Communities 114 A332 Notify Affected Populations, Properties, and Communities and Receive Input 115 A333 Finalize Mitigation Plan 116 A34 Develop Final Environmental Documentation 117 A341 Prepare Preliminary Environmental Documentation with Recommended Alternative 118 A342 Perform Administrative Completeness Review

119 A343 Revise/Modify Mitigation Plan and Permits 120 A344 Solicit Resource Agency Concurrence, Record Permits and Commitments, and Prepare Administrative Record 121 A345 Draft Final Document and Gather Public Review Input 122 A35 Develop Final TMP 123 A351 Compile Project Information 124 A352 Determine Types of TMP 125 A353 Identify Stakeholders 126 A354 Develop Preliminary TMP 127 A355 Finalize Preliminary TMP 128 A36 Prepare Baseline Cost and Schedule 129 A361 Determine Estimate Basis for Recommended Alternative 131 A362 Prepare Base Estimate for Recommended Alternative 132 A363 Determine Risk and Set Contingency for Recommended Alternative 134 A364 Review Estimate for Recommended Alternative 136 A365 Approve Estimate for Recommended Alternative 137 A366 Prepare Design Schedule for Recommended Alternative 138 A37 Prepare Scoping Report 139 A371 Identify Required Documentation/Deliverables 140 A372 Draft Project Scoping Report 141 A373 Evaluate Project Definition Completeness for Recommended Alternative 142 A374 Approve/Modify Scoping Report 143 A375 Finalize Scoping Report A-1 Appendix A PSP Tools and Techniques B-1 Appendix B Online Links to Various Resources and Tools to Support the PSP as Referenced in This Guidebook

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Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects Get This Book
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 Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects
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TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 821: Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects demonstrates how a state department of transportation (state DOT) can enhance its scoping process and practices to produce a project cost estimate and schedule that facilitate improved programming decision making and accountability. The guidebook illustrates the effort needed to develop a robust cost estimate and then manage to a baseline budget and scope throughout the project delivery cycle. The guidebook is applicable to a range of project types and is scalable in its ability to accommodate projects of varying complexity.

Increasing or otherwise changing the scope of a project to improve facility performance is a common source of cost increases and schedule delays, as is failure to adequately consider project impacts on utilities, communities, or the environment. Industrial and commercial building construction sectors have experienced similar problems with construction project scope growth, cost increases, and time delays that occur after a project has been authorized for detailed design and construction.

Recent research in these sectors has produced a structured and systematic process to help owners meet project cost and schedule objectives by defining a project to a suitable level of development prior to authorization of detailed design. Statistical evidence indicates that earlier and more detailed scoping efforts can reduce total design and construction cost by as much as 20%, and shorten total design and construction schedules by as much as 39%. Such scoping processes, with supporting indices and tools to calibrate the level of scoping effort required to achieve these results, have become standard procedures that many private U.S. corporations use in their capital facilities development efforts. With modifications, these processes and tools may be transferable to the transportation industry.

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