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C-1 A P P E N D I X C Field Data Form
C-2 Evaluation and Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection Measures FIELD DATA FORMS NCHRP PROJECT 24-39 Evaluation and Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection Measures FIELD DATA COLLECTION FORM 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE RIVER: LOCATION: DATE(S): PROJECT: NCHRP 24-39, âEvaluation and Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection Measuresâ STUDY REACH: COMPLETED BY: GPS COORDINATES: BANK PROTECTION TREATMENT (check all that apply): Live brush layering ____ VMSE ____ Large woody debris ____ Vegetated gabions ____ Live staking ____ Willow posts and poles ____ Live siltation ____ Rootwad revetment ____ Live brush mattress ____ Vegetated ACBs ____ Vegetated riprap ____ Vegetated gabion mattress ____ Soil and grass covered riprap ____ Live fascines ____ Coconut fiber roll ____ Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs)____ Other (describe): GENERAL NOTES AND COMMENTS: (Include site history; maintenance, if any; major floods and droughts, i.e., a timeline of performance):
Field Data Form C-3 2. RELATION OF CHANNEL TO VALLEY Planform Planform Data Lateral Activity Floodplain Features Straight Bend Radius None None Sinuous Meander belt width Meander progression Meander scars Irregular Wavelength Increasing amplitude Scroll bars+sloughs Regular meanders Meander Sinuosity Progression+cutoffs Oxbow lakes Irregular meanders Location in Valley Irregular erosion Irregular terrain Tortuous meanders Left Avulsion Abandoned channel Braided Middle Brading Braided deposits Anastomosed Right Circle the representative channel type: For details on the use of this figure see FHWA Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 20 (2012) Section 4.5.3 and/or Hydraulic Design Series No. 6 (2001) Section 5.4.1.
C-4 Evaluation and Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection Measures Circle the representative stage of channel evolution: Evolution of incised channel from initial incision (A, B) and widening (C, D) to aggradation (D, E) and eventual relative stability; h is bank height. For details on the use of this figure, see FHWA Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 20 (2012) Section 2.2.
3. Stability Indicators, Descriptions, and Ratings. Range of Values in Ratings Columns Provide Possible Rating Values for Each Factor. Stability Indicator Ratings Excellent (1-3) Good (4-6) Fair (7-9) Poor (10-12) 1. Watershed and floodplain activity and characteristics Stable, forested, undisturbed watershed Occasional minor disturbances in the watershed, including cattle activity (grazing and/or access to stream), construction, logging, or other minor deforestation. Limited agricultural activities. Frequent disturbances in the watershed, including cattle activity, landsliding, channel sand or gravel mining, logging, farming, or construction of buildings, roads, or other infrastructure. Urbanization over significant portion of watershed. Continual disturbances in the watershed. Significant cattle activity, landsliding, channel sand or gravel mining, logging, farming, or construction of buildings, roads, or other infrastructure. Highly urbanized or rapidly urbanizing watershed. 2. Flow habit Perennial stream with no flashy behavior Perennial stream or ephemeral 1st order stream with slightly increased rate of flooding Perennial or intermittent stream with flashy behavior Extremely flashy; flash floods prevalent mode of discharge; ephemeral stream other than 1st order stream 3. Channel pattern Straight to meandering with low radius of curvature; primarily suspended load Meandering moderate radius of curvature; mix of suspended and bed loads; well maintained engineered channel Meandering with some braiding; tortuous meandering; primarily bed load; poorly maintained engineered channel Braided; primarily bed load; unmaintained engineered channel 4. Entrenchment / channel confinement Active floodplain exists at top of banks; no sign of undercutting infrastructure; no levees Active floodplain abandoned, but is currently rebuilding; minimal channel confinement; infrastructure not exposed; levees are low and set well back from the river Moderate confinement in valley or channel walls; some exposure of infrastructure; terraces exist; floodplain abandoned; levees are moderate in size and have minimal setback from the river Knickpoints visible downstream; exposed water lines or other infrastructure; channel width to top of banks ratio small; deeply confined; no active floodplain; levees are high and along the channel edge 5. Bed material Fs = approximate portion of sand in the bed Assorted sizes tightly packed, overlapping, and possibly imbricated. Most material > 4 mm. Fs < 20% Moderately packed with some overlapping. Very small amounts of material < 4 mm. 20 < Fs < 50% Loose assortment with no apparent overlap. Small to medium amounts of material < 4 mm. 50 < Fs < 70% Very loose assortment with no packing. Large amounts of material < 4 mm. Fs > 70% 6. Bar development S = Slope W/Y = Width-to-Depth ratio For S < 0.02 and W/Y > 12, bars are mature, narrow relative to stream width at low flow, well vegetated, and composed of coarse gravel to cobbles. For S > 0.02 and W/Y < 12, no bars are evident For S < 0.02 and W/Y > 12, bars may have vegetation and/or be composed of coarse gravel to cobbles, but minimal recent growth of bar evident by lack of vegetation on portions of the bar. For S > 0.02 and W/Y < 12, no bars are evident. For S < 0.02 and W/Y > 12, bar widths tend to be wide and composed of newly deposited coarse sand to small cobbles and/or may be sparsely vegetated. Bars forming for S > 0.02 and W/Y < 12. Bar widths are generally greater than 1/2 the stream width at low flow. Bars are composed of extensive deposits of fine particles up to coarse gravel with little to no vegetation. No bars for S < 0.02 and W/Y > 12. 7. Obstructions, including bedrock outcrops, armor layer, large woody debris jams, grade control, bridge bed paving, revetments, dikes or vanes, riprap Rare or not present Occasional, causing cross currents and minor bank and bottom erosion. Moderately frequent and occasionally unstable obstructions, cause noticeable erosion of the channel. Considerable sediment accumulation behind obstructions. Frequent and often unstable causing a continual shift of sediment and flow. Traps are easily filled causing channel to migrate and/or widen.
3. Stability Indicators, Descriptions, and Ratings (continued). Stability Indicator Ratings Excellent (1-3) Good (4-6) Fair (7-9) Poor (10-12) 8. Bank soil texture and coherence Clay and silty clay; cohesive material Clay loam to sandy clay loam; minor amounts of noncohesive or unconsolidated mixtures; layers may exist, but are cohesive materials. Sandy clay to sandy loam; unconsolidated mixtures of glacial or other materials; small layers and lenses of noncohesive or unconsolidated mixtures Loamy sand to sand; noncohesive material; unconsolidated mixtures of glacial or other materials; layers or lenses that include noncohesive sands and gravels 9. Average bank slope angle (where 90 is a vertical bank) V = Vertical H = Horizontal Bank slopes < 3H:1V (18 ) for noncohesive or unconsolidated materials to < 1:1 (45 ) in clays on both sides Bank slopes up to 2H:1V (27 ) in noncohesive or unconsolidated materials to 0.8:1 (50 ) in clays on one or occasionally both banks Bank slopes to 1H:1V (45 ) in noncohesive or unconsolidated materials to 0.6:1 (60 ) in clays common on one or both banks. Bank slopes over 45 in noncohesive or unconsolidated materials or over (60 ) in clays common on one or both banks 10. Vegetative or engineered bank protection Wide band of woody vegetation with at least 90% density and cover. Primarily hard wood, leafy, deciduous trees with mature, healthy, and diverse vegetation located on the bank. Woody vegetation oriented vertically. In absence of vegetation, both banks are lined or heavily armored. Medium band of woody vegetation with 70-90% plant density and cover. A majority of hard wood, leafy, deciduous trees with maturing, diverse vegetation located on the blank. Woody vegetation oriented 80-90 from horizontal with minimal root exposure. Partial lining or armoring of one or more banks. Small band of woody vegetation with 50-70% plant density and cover. A majority of soft wood, piney, coniferous trees with young or old vegetation lacking in diversity located on or near the top of bank. Woody vegetation oriented at 70-80 from horizontal often with evident root exposure. No lining of banks, but some armoring may be in place on one bank. Woody vegetation band may vary depending on age and health with less than 50% plant density and cover. Primarily soft wood, piney, coniferous trees with very young, old and dying, and/or monostand vegetation located off of the bank. Woody vegetation oriented at less than 70 from horizontal with extensive root exposure. No lining or armoring of banks. 11. Bank Cutting Little or none evident. Infrequent raw banks, insignificant percentage of total bank. Some intermittently along channel bends and at prominent constrictions. Raw banks comprise minor portion of bank in vertical direction. Significant and frequent on both banks. Raw banks comprise large portion of bank in vertical direction. Root mat overhangs. Almost continuous cuts on both banks, some extending over most of the banks. Undercutting and sod- root overhangs. 12. Mass wasting or bank failure No or little evidence of potential or very small amounts of mass wasting. Uniform channel width over the ent ire reach. Evidence of infrequent and/or minor mass wasting. Mostly healed over with vegetation. Relatively constant channel width and minimal scalloping of banks. Evidence of frequent and/or significant occurrences of mass wasting that can be aggravated by higher flows, which may cause undercutting and mass wasting of unstable banks. Channel width quite irregular and scalloping of banks is evident. Frequent and extensive mass wasting. The potential for bank failure, as evidenced by tension cracks, massive undercuttings, and bank slumping, is considerable. Channel width is highly irregular and banks are scalloped. 13. Upstream distance to bridge from meander impact point and alignment More than 115 ft (35 m); bridge is well aligned with river flow 66-115 ft (20 - 35 m); bridge is aligned with flow 33 - 66 ft (10 - 20 m); bridge is skewed to flow or flow alignment is otherwise not centered beneath bridge Less than 33 ft (10 m); bridge is poorly aligned with flow For background information and examples of the use of this table, see FHWA Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 20 (2012) Section 5.4.
Field Data Form C-7 4. Assessment Monitoring Protocol for Environmentally Sensitive Bank Protection Measures (adapted from Jones and Johnson) Category Excellent (1-3) Good (4-6) Poor (7-9) Failed (10-12) Streambank vegetation Streambank vegetation is in good condition1 and showing progress along all streambank surfaces. 50-70% of the bank is covered by vegetation in good condition or showing progress. 50-70% of the bank is covered by stressed or dying plants. Less than 50% of the bank is covered by vegetation or disruption due to grazing and mowing is evident. Bank stability and migration Banks are stable and vegetated Isolated instances of bank failures (mass wasting, undercut, etc.) or raw banks, affecting 5-30% of treated bank Bank failures or raw banks frequent, describing 30-60% of treated bank segment. Channel migration is evident anywhere in reach, but thalweg is within design channel limits. Bank failures or raw banks prevalent, describing >60% of treated bank segment. Thalweg has migrated outside design channel limits anywhere in reach. Infrastructure protection Infrastructure is not in immediate danger Erosion has left infrastructure (1) nearer stream flow or (2) with more surface exposed to stream flow than as-built condition Infrastructure shows unexpected signs of vulnerability that has the potential to impact the integrity or functioning of the infrastructure. Infrastructure is exposed to stream flow. The structural integrity of infrastructure is compromised or infrastructure has failed as a result of stream flow. Structural integrity2 Structure and structure components have not been displaced and there is no visible erosion. At least 10% of the structure is displaced from the as-built location and/or structure is attached to bank but erosion is visible everywhere structure is in contact with bank. 25-75% of the structure is displaced from as-built location and/or structure is partially detached from bank. More than 75% of structure is displaced from as-built location and/or structure is detached from bank. Flow obstruction and sedimentation Less than half of the bottom is affected by sediment deposition. Pools are not filling in and there are few to no unintended obstructions. Occasional unintended obstructions are present; minor local scour at these obstructions. Sediment deposition is affecting 50-80% of the channel bottom or pool depths have measurably decreased. Moderately frequent unintended obstructions. Unintended obstructions are frequent or have significantly altered the design capacity of the channel. Aggradation is evident or sediment deposition affects >80% of the channel bottom. NOTES: 1Key indicators of condition include leaf color and evidence of insects, herbivory, disease, trampling, competition from undesirable species, and vandalism. 2Score each structure in the reach and use the median score for the overall site score. For background information on the use of this table, see Jones, C.J. and Johnson, P.A., 2015. "Describing damage to stream modification projects in constrained settings," In Journal of the American Water Resources Association.
C-8 Evaluation and Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection Measures 5. FUNCTIONALITY YES NO N/A HYDROLOGY 1) Floodplain above bankfull is inundated in ârelatively frequentâ events 2) Where beaver dams are present they are active and stable 3) Sinuosity, width/depth ratio, and gradient are in balance with the landscape setting (i.e., landform, geology, and bioclimatic region) 4) Riparian-wetland area is widening or has achieved potential extent 5) Upland watershed is not contributing to riparian-wetland degradation YES NO N/A VEGETATION 6) There is diverse age-class distribution of riparian-wetland vegetation (recruitment for maintenance/recovery) 7) There is diverse composition of riparian-wetland vegetation (for maintenance/recovery) 8) Species present indicate maintenance of riparian-wetland soil moisture characteristics 9) Streambank vegetation is comprised of those plants or plant communities that have root masses capable of withstanding high-streamflow events 10) Riparian-wetland plants exhibit high vigor 11) Vegetation growing within or on bank protection measures exhibits no sign of drought stress 12) Vegetation growing within or on bank protection measures exhibits no sign of significant herbivory 13) Vegetation growing within or on bank protection measures exhibits no sign of trampling by humans or animals 14) Vegetation growing within or on bank protection measures exhibits no sign of competition from undesirable species 15) Vegetation growing within or on bank protection measures exhibits no sign of damage due to vandalism 16) Adequate riparian-wetland vegetative cover is present to protect banks and dissipate energy during high flows 17) Vegetation growing within or on bank protection measures is dense and flexible enough to shield the bank from erosional stresses during high flows 18) Vegetation growing within or on bank protection measures likely provides root reinforcement to slopes for failure planes at least 3 feet below the surface 19) Plant communities are an adequate source of coarse and/or large woody material (for maintenance/recovery)
Field Data Form C-9 YES NO N/A EROSION/DEPOSITION 20) Floodplain and channel characteristics (i.e., rocks, overflow channels, coarse and/or large woody material) are adequate to dissipate energy 21) Point bars are revegetating with riparian-wetland vegetation 22) Lateral stream movement is associated with natural sinuosity 23) System is vertically stable 24) Stream is in balance with the water and sediment being supplied by the watershed (i.e., no excessive erosion or deposition) 25) Structural components of the bank protection measure do not exhibit signs of flanking erosion 26) Evidence of local bed scour adjacent to the bank protection measure is absent or insignificant Remarks on Functionality: ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Summary Functional Determination: Functional Rating: Functional ________ Functional-At Risk ________ Nonfunctional ________ Unknown ________ Trend for Functional-At Risk: Upward ________ Downward ________ Not Apparent ________ Are factors contributing to unacceptable conditions outside the control of the manager? Yes _____ No _____ If yes, what are those factors? Flow regulations ___ Mining activities ___ Upstream channel conditions ___ Channelization ___ Road encroachment ___ Oil field water discharge ___ Augmented flows ___ Other (specify)______________________________
C-10 Evaluation and Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection Measures 6. TREATMENT/CHANNEL SKETCH MAP (PLAN VIEW) Map Symbols (to be determined by field crew) Study Reach Limits Cross-Section Bank Profile North Point Flow Direction Impinging Flow Cut Bank Exposed Island/Bar Structure Photo Point Treatment Type and Location 7. REPRESENTATIVE CROSS-SECTION 8. VEGETATIVE COVER ON BANK (%) Turf grass Herbaceous Cover Willow/Brush Trees Notes:
Field Data Form C-11 9. BANK PROFILE SKETCHES Profile Symbols (to be determined by field crew) Bank Top Edge Bank Toe Water's Edge Failed Debris Attached Bar Undercutting Engineered Structure Significant Vegetation Vegetation Limit
Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACIâNA Airports Council InternationalâNorth America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing Americaâs Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S.DOT United States Department of Transportation
TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED N O N -PR O FIT O R G . U .S. PO STA G E PA ID C O LU M B IA , M D PER M IT N O . 88 Evaluation and A ssessm ent of Environm entally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection M easures N CH RP Report 822 TRB ISBN 978-0-309-37540-5 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 3 7 5 4 0 5 9 0 0 0 0
