Onboard Camera Applications for Buses (2016)

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25 APPENDIX A Survey Responses TCRP Project J-7 Synthesis Topic SA-36 Survey Questions with personal information are deleted from this text. 7. What is the size of your agency’s bus fleet? Response 1,053 1,525 1,100 115 1,150 1,355 16 168 buses and vans 18 ±1,870 2,190 buses 2,500 260 278 312 341 410 449 480 488 500 535 549 5,718 624 64 fixed-route buses 70 700 744 797 85 About 630

26 8. Does your agency currently use or plan to use electronic surveillance on buses? Yes/No Yes 100% Value Percent Yes 100.0% Total 32 If your agency does not have electronic surveillance cameras, why not? Very Significant Significant Somewhat Significant Not Significant Cost 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Executive Management 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Line Management 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Lack of Public Support 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Unreliable Technology 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Other Priorities 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Lack of Union Support 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Lack of Police Support 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

27 9. When did your agency start using electronic surveillance on buses? Year ____ Response 1990 1990s 1991 1992 1995 1996 1998 2000 2001 2003 2005 2007–2008 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Circa 2008 Early 1990s July 2014 N/A Not sure Before 2005 Unknown; prior to 2000 10. What percentage of your fleet is equipped with surveillance equipment? 25–50% 6% 50–75% 9% 75–99% 28% 100% 57%

28 Value Percent 25%–50% 6.3% 50%–75% 9.4% 75%–99% 28.1% 100% 56.3% Total 32 11. Number of buses? Buses purchased with surveillance equipment Response 684 0 100 115 116 1,175 119 12 146 15 165 180 23 24 2,500 294 400 480 50% 551 64 750 All current purchases Possibly only recently purchased articulated buses

29 11. Number of buses? Buses retrofitted with surveillance equipment Response 0 130 1,612 18 22 220 300 340 350 371 4 410 50% 535 605 624 65 70 8 All of them Most N/A 12. Is surveillance equipment limited to particular types of buses? Yes 3% No 97% Value Percent Yes 3.1% No 96.9% Total 32

30 13. If yes, which types of buses? Response Gillig 14. If limited to types of buses, why? Very Important Important Somewhat Important Not Important Age of Bus 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Type of Bus 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Particular Routes 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Financial Constraints 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% Other 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 15. What are/were the agency’s drivers for using electronic surveillance? Check significance for each. Very Significant Significant Somewhat Significant Not Significant Total Customer Safety 65.6% 25.0% 9.4% 0.0% 100% Accidents/Insurance Claims 78.1% 18.8% 0.0% 3.1% 100% Bus Operator Safety/ Protection 75.0% 21.9% 3.1% 0.0% 100% Bus Operator Training 12.5% 31.3% 37.5% 18.8% 100% Bus Operator Performance 15.6% 34.4% 28.1% 21.9% 100% Deter Criminal Activity (vandalism/graffiti) 65.6% 21.9% 6.3% 6.3% 100% Fare Evasion 6.3% 34.4% 37.5% 21.9% 100% Bus Operators Workers Comp 15.6% 18.8% 46.9% 18.8% 100% Passenger Counting 0.0% 3.1% 21.9% 75.0% 100% Part of an Agencywide Plan 28.1% 25.0% 31.3% 15.6% 100% Security Strategy 43.8% 37.5% 12.5% 6.3% 100% Part of a Citywide Security Strategy 3.1% 12.5% 25.0% 59.4% 100% Technology Availability 18.8% 28.1% 28.1% 25.0% 100% Other 9.4% 3.1% 9.4% 78.1% 100% I Like It 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 100%

31 16. Agency benefits for using electronic surveillance? Very Significant Significant Somewhat Significant Not Significant Customer Safety 65.6% 28.1% 6.3% 0.0% Accidents/Insurance Claims 84.4% 15.6% 0.0% 0.0% Bus Operator Safety/ Protection 65.6% 34.4% 0.0% 0.0% Bus Operator Training 28.1% 25.0% 31.3% 15.6% Bus Operator Performance 25.0% 43.8% 12.5% 18.8% Deter Criminal Activity (vandalism/graffiti) 50.0% 28.1% 15.6% 6.3% Fare Evasion 3.1% 21.9% 50.0% 25.0% Bus Operators Workers Comp 31.3% 21.9% 31.3% 15.6% Passenger Counting 3.1% 9.4% 15.6% 71.9% Part of an Agencywide Plan 28.1% 28.1% 28.1% 15.6% Security Strategy 43.8% 25.0% 15.6% 15.6% Part of a Citywide Security Strategy 6.3% 12.5% 28.1% 53.1% Technology Availability 21.9% 18.8% 34.4% 25.0% Other 6.3% 3.1% 9.4% 81.3% 17. Barriers to implementation? Very Significant Significant Somewhat Significant Not Significant Cost 21.9% 46.9% 18.8% 12.5% Executive Management 3.1% 3.1% 12.5% 81.3% Line Management 0.0% 3.1% 15.6% 81.3% Lack of Public Support 3.1% 3.1% 25.0% 68.8% Unreliable Technology 0.0% 12.5% 40.6% 46.9% Other Priorities 0.0% 25.0% 12.5% 62.5% Lack of Union Support 6.3% 31.3% 12.5% 50.0% Lack of Police Support 0.0% 3.1% 3.1% 93.8% Other 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% 93.8% 18. If particular routes are chosen for buses, what is the reason? Criminal activity Traffic congestion High accident frequency Other

32 Value Percent Criminal activity 45.2% Traffic congestion 9.7% High accident frequency 22.6% Other 54.8% Total 31 19. Is there a plan to equip all buses with cameras over time? Yes 84% No 16% Value Percent Yes 84.4% No 15.6% Total 32 20. If there is a plan, when will all buses be equipped with electronic Response 2011 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 All buses already equipped All buses are equipped. All done Already are Already done Currently, 100% of fleets are equipped. N/A They all have cameras now. All are currently equipped. Fully equipped for 10 years It is ongoing; as buses are added, they are equipped. Currently, only 60 coaches do not have electronic surveillance and they will be retired within the next calendar year; all new coaches are speced with systems.

33 21. Are there signs visible to the customers on the buses stating there is electronic surveillance equipment on the bus? Yes 94% No 6% Value Percent Yes 93.8% No 6.3% Total 32 22. Where is your electronic surveillance equipment (or planned to be) located on the bus? Interior Exterior Value Percent Interior 100.0% Exterior 78.1% Total 32

34 23. On the 1-door bus (i.e., coach or over-the-road bus), how many interior cameras? Check one answer. 2 6% 3 3% 4 13% 5 9% 6 13% Other 56% Value Percent 2 6.3% 3 3.1% 4 12.5% 5 9.4% 6 12.5% Other 56.3% Statistics Sum 62.0 Average 4.4 StdDev 1.3 Max 6.0 Responses “Other” Left blank 5 7 All buses have 2 doors. N/A N/A No 1-door buses Safety sensitive Have none N/A We have no one-door coaches.

35 24. On the 2-door bus, how many interior cameras? Check one answer. 2 9% 4 25% 5 19% 6 6% Other 41% Value Percent 2 9.4% 4 25.0% 5 18.8% 6 6.3% Other 40.6% Total 32 Statistics Sum 80.0 Average 4.2 StdDev 1.2 Max 6.0 Responses “Other” Left blank 12 7 8 9 N/A N/A Between 5 and 7 N/A We have a mix; some have a few as four, others six.

36 25. On the 1-door bus (i.e., coach or over-the-road bus), what are the interior camera views? Yes No From Operator’s View Forward 51.6% 48.4% Farebox and Front Door 48.4% 51.6% Rear Door 35.5% 64.5% From Panel Behind Opera- tor Facing Rear 48.4% 51.6% From Rear of Bus Facing Forward 35.5% 64.5% Focused on the Operator 16.1% 83.9% Other 29.0% 71.0% 26. If other views on the 1-door bus interior, please describe. If not applicable, “N/A.” Response N/A 360-degree view interior Exterior cameras and forward-looking camera Front door to as much of the rear benches as possible Front of bus facing back down aisle Lift and designated seating area N/A N/A We don't have single-door buses. N/A No 1-door buses 27. On the 2-door bus, what are the interior camera views? Yes No From Operator’s View Forward 84.4% 15.6% Farebox and Front Door 93.8% 6.3% Rear Door 90.6% 9.4% From Panel Behind Opera- tor Facing Rear 87.5% 12.5% From Rear of Bus Facing Forward 62.5% 37.5% Focused on the Operator 28.1% 71.9% Other 46.9% 53.1%

37 28. On the 2-door bus, please describe other interior views. If not applicable, “N/A.” Response 360-degree view of buses Above the door in the exterior of the bus As indicated above Exterior cameras and forward-looking camera From the midbus location facing rear Front door to as much of the rear benches as possible Front of bus facing back down aisle Inside middle facing rear Midbus facing to rear Midbus interior Midpoint to the rear N/A N/A Rear deck from center of coach Rear door facing rear Rear of the bus to back passenger seats View forward facing modesty panel behind operator, wheelchair areas N/A Rear mezzanine deck, near rear door, facing rear forward facing from behind operator viewing standee line area, seatbelt, profile of those entering bus 29. On the 3-door bus, how many interior cameras? Check one answer. 2 3% 5 6% 6 13% Other 78% Value Percent 2 3.1% 5 6.3% 6 12.5% Other 78.1% Total 32

38 Statistics Sum 36.0 Average 5.1 StdDev 1.4 Max 6.0 Responses “Other” Left blank 10 11 7 8 9 N/A N/A N/A No 3-door buses N/A N/A No 3-door buses 30. On the 3-door bus, what are the interior camera views? Yes No From Operator’s View Forward 43.8% 56.3% Farebox and Front Door 46.9% 53.1% Rear Doors 46.9% 53.1% Midpoint of Bus 46.9% 53.1% From Panel Behind Opera- tor Facing Rear 46.9% 53.1% From Rear of Bus Facing Forward 38.7% 61.3% Focused on the Operator 16.1% 83.9% Other 25.0% 75.0%

39 31. If other interior views on the 3-door bus, please describe. Response 3rd door, additional midpoint for both directions Exterior cameras and forward-looking camera Front of bus facing back down aisle Midpoint facing rear N/A N/A Midpoint facing forward N/A No 3-door buses Rear deck 32. On 1-door buses, how many exterior cameras? Check one answer. 1 8% 2 16% 3 8% 4 8% Other 60% Value Percent 1 8.0% 2 16.0% 3 8.0% 4 8.0% Other 60.0% Total 25 Statistics Sum 24.0 Average 2.4 StdDev 1.0 Max 4.0

40 Responses “Other” Left blank N/A N/A None N/A No 1-door buses No one-door coaches None 33. On 1-door buses, where are the exterior cameras located? Passenger side Operator side Front of bus Rear of bus Other Value Percent Passenger side 40.0% Operator side 32.0% Front of bus 12.0% Rear of bus 20.0% Other 64.0% Total 25 Responses “Other” Left blank N/A N/A None Operator front and passenger rear N/A No 1-door buses No one-door coaches

41 34. On 2-door buses, how many exterior cameras? Check one answer. 1 4% 2 28% 3 24% 4 12% 5 4% Other 28% Value Percent 1 4.0% 2 28.0% 3 24.0% 4 12.0% 5 4.0% Other 28.0% Total 25 Statistics Sum 50.0 Average 2.8 StdDev 1.0 Max 5.0 Responses “Other” Left blank N/A N/A None Operator front and passenger rear From one to three Up to 2 depending on build date Zero exterior cameras

42 35. On 2-door buses, where are the exterior cameras located? Passenger side Operator side Front of bus Rear of bus Other Value Percent Passenger side 80.0% Operator side 68.0% Front of bus 36.0% Rear of bus 40.0% Other 28.0% Total 25 Responses “Other” Left blank N/A N/A None currently (2 planned) Operator front and passenger rear Rear door Some only have passenger side and forward facing 36. On 3-door buses, how many exterior cameras? Check one answer. 1 8% 2 12% 4 12% 5 4%6 4% Other 60%

43 Value Percent 1 8.0% 2 12.0% 4 12.0% 5 4.0% 6 4.0% Other 60.0% Total 25 Statistics Sum 31.0 Average 3.1 StdDev 1.6 Max 6.0 Responses “Other” Left blank N/A N/A No 3-door buses None Operator front and passenger rear N/A 37. On 3-door buses, where are the exterior cameras located? Passenger side Operator side Front of bus Rear of bus Other Value Percent Passenger side 36.0% Operator side 32.0% Front of bus 28.0% Rear of bus 28.0% Other 68.0% Total 25

44 Responses “Other” Left blank Front located inside N/A N/A None Operator front and passenger rear Rear end of each side of bus N/A No 3-door buses 38. Is there surveillance of the bus operator while he/she is driving the bus? Yes 47% No 53% Value Percent Yes 46.9% No 53.1% Total 32 39. Is there a policy allowing/disallowing surveillance of bus operator? Yes 56% No 44% Value Percent Yes 56.3% No 43.8% Total 32

45 40. What is your agency’s policy allowing/disallowing electronic surveillance of bus operators? Response 4.1.07 Audio Video Security Policy 4.1.07-1 SOP Bus Cameras Agreement with union Camera is not activated until EA button is pressed by driver. Currently in arbitration with operator’s union to utilize the camera positioned on the operator. It is part of the Bargaining Contract—Union fears management will “mine” video for discipline. N/A N/A Only glancing views of the operator is allowed. Policy states agency will not monitor the driver. The union contract does not allow surveillance on the transit operator. We cannot directly record the operator. Not allowed Understanding with local operators union Agreement with the union, which was subsequently disputed by the union attempting to disallow audio and prevent disciplinary action from video Our agreement with the union does not prevent us from having elec- tronic surveillance of the bus operator. There must be a reported customer service issue, an accident, or police or public request to view the video. Cannot randomly view video. No predatory fishing of video. We have a neutral party retrieving video for all major stakeholders. It is not done; position of camera with operator’s position in field of view only shows right arm or shoulder. 41. Is there a policy allowing/disallowing surveillance equipment on buses? Yes 38% No 62% Value Percent Yes 37.5% No 62.5% Total 32

46 42. If your agency has an electronic surveillance policy for buses, what is it? Response 4.1.07 Audio Video Security Policy 4.1.07-1 SOP Bus Cameras Allowed and how it is allowed For the safety of the passengers and operator Interior notices that cameras are in place and used must be posted in both English and Spanish. N/A N/A Same They are required. Don’t have access to the text “For security, safety, and supervisory purposes, the employer reserves the right to install and operate video and audio recording systems in all Valley Transit vehicles and facilities. Audio records shall not be used for the purpose of Valley Transit disciplinary action unless related to the commission of an illegal act by the employee.” For use in investigation into security or criminal investigations, inci- dents involving vehicle accidents, and/or potential for claims of injury or damage to property 43. Who activates the surveillance? Bus operator upon log-in or starting bus 38% Constantly running 62% Value Percent Bus operator upon log-in or starting bus 37.5% Constantly running 62.5% Total 32 44. Does driver have access to camera views while driving? Yes 9% No 91%

47 Value Percent Yes 9.4% No 90.6% Total 32 45. If driver has access to camera views while operating the bus, where can he/she see? Interior location(s) Rear doors Other Value Percent Rear doors 6.5% Other 96.8% Total 31 Responses “Other” Left blank Cannot view Does not have access N/A N/A No access See Question 40 Some buses show rear door view. They can’t—don’t N/A N/A No access Rear doors on some coaches only when they are opened at a stop; view on dash multifunction display

48 46. If driver has access to camera views while operating the bus, where can he/she see? Exterior location(s) Passenger side Operator’s side Front Rear Other Value Percent Passenger side 8.0% Operator’s side 4.0% Front 4.0% Rear 8.0% Other 92.0% Total 25 Responses “Other” Left blank Don’t Does not have access N/A N/A No access See Question 40 Some buses have an exterior backup camera N/A N/A No access

49 47. What type of equipment do you have or plan to have on your buses? Wireless cellular modem Wireless radio DVR Audio surveillance Other Value Percent Wireless cellular modem 18.8% Wireless radio 9.4% DVR 65.6% Audio surveillance 18.8% Other 21.9% Total 32 Statistics Sum 134.0 Average 4.2 StdDev 1.2 Max 5.0 Responses “Other” Left blank All of above DVR and audio. May explore modem. DVR Wcm capable GPS Named system Wi-Fi Currently have DVR. We are in the process of hiring a com- pany to place wireless cellular modems in buses to allow live monitoring. Our newer buses purchased beginning in 2012 have audio surveillance but use of the audio is currently in arbitration with the operators’ union.

50 48. Do your new bus purchases include electronic surveillance equipment? Yes 91% No 9% Value Percent Yes 90.6% No 9.4% Total 32 49. Who determines what kind of equipment is used? Bus management Procurement department Legal department Other Value Percent Bus management 59.4% Procurement department 15.6% Legal department 3.1% Other 31.3% Total 32

51 50. How are images stored? On the bus Transferred wirelessly Manually Value Percent On the bus 81.3% Transferred wirelessly 43.8% Manually 15.6% Total 32 51. If images are downloaded, how often? As needed 84% Daily 6% Other 10% Value Percent As needed 83.9% Daily 6.5% Other 9.7% Total 31 Responses “Other” Left blank Whenever bus ignitions off in a UTA Wi-Fi zone As needed by law enforcement

52 52. How long are images stored ON the bus? 24 hours or less 6% 24–72 hours 9% 1 week 19% 1 month 25% 1 month to 1 year 3% Indefinitely 3% Other 35% Value Percent 24 hours or less 6.3% 24–72 hours 9.4% 1 week 18.8% 1 month 25.0% 1 month to 1 year 3.1% Indefinitely 3.1% Other 34.4% Total 32 Statistics Sum 135.0 Average 6.8 StdDev 10.0 Max 24.0 Responses “Other” Left blank 1–2 weeks possible 14 days 2 weeks 5 days Depending upon hard drive size Varies Varies by bus type, age. Anywhere from 5 days to 2 weeks. Older generation 7 days, newer generation up to 30 days Video is first in first out; DVR will record over unless a tag is set. Older systems—72 hours unless we retrieve the video; newer system—30 days unless we save the video

53 53. Are the images: Encrypted Protected Read only Other Value Percent Encrypted 53.1% Protected 40.6% Read only 25.0% Other 12.5% Total 32 54. How long are images stored OFF the bus? 24 hours or less 3% 1 month 3% 1 month to 1 year 7% Indefinitely 37% Other 50% Value Percent 24 hours or less 3.3% 1 month 3.3% 1 month to 1 year 6.7% Indefinitely 36.7% Other 50.0% Total 30

54 Statistics Sum 27.0 Average 6.8 StdDev 10.0 Max 24.0 Responses “Other” Left blank 3 years 3 years or indefinitely for felony As needed depending on the incident As needed Depends on whether there is a case pending Incidents are retained through settlement. Indefinitely if related to an accident or incident N/A Ten years Two years Varies Legal requirements vary Until no longer needed 55. What technical integrations does the equipment currently or plan to have? Vitals of the bus Average speed G-force GPS Farebox connection Routes Other Value Percent Vitals of the bus 32.3% Average speed 58.1% G-force 54.8% GPS 87.1% Farebox connection 19.4% Routes 22.6% Other 16.1% Total 31

55 56. Who maintains equipment on the bus? Manufacturer (under warranty) Electronic maintainers Bus maintainers Contractor Value Percent Manufacturer (under warranty) 35.5% Electronic maintainers 38.7% Bus maintainers 45.2% Contractor 19.4% Total 31 Responses “Other” Left blank 57. Does system self-diagnose? Yes 77% No 23% Value Percent Yes 77.4% No 22.6% Total 31

56 58. If so, how often? Response 24/7 Camera check, DVR status, available storage Constant health monitor, stores and reports data upon depot entry Constantly Continuous Daily Daily, upon start-up Every day Every time the bus checks in the depot, which is daily Not sure Poles every 15 minutes Upon arrival at the garage electronically When rebooted When required Continuously Daily Daily reports generated by system Every few minutes Live Once a day Each time the bus is started, but operators do not have access to the current status and it is not currently “reporting” wire- lessly. So ... failure is found out after the fact. 59. Who has direct access to the stored information? Bus department management Bus maintainers Transit agency management Transit agency security Legal department Other

57 Value Percent Bus department management 61.3% Bus maintainers 6.5% Transit agency management 41.9% Transit agency security 61.3% Legal department 12.9% Other 29.0% Total 31 Responses “Other” Left blank Internal police department Safety department Security Transit police only Transit police force Video security administrator Chain of custody is the issue. Claims department 60. Is there a chain of custody associated with the images? Yes 81% No 19% Value Percent Yes 80.7% No 19.4% Total 31

58 61. What department is responsible for the chain of custody? Bus department management 28% Transit agency management 4% Transit agency security 44% Legal department 16% Other 8% Value Percent Bus department management 28.0% Transit agency management 4.0% Transit agency security 44.0% Legal department 16.0% Other 8.0% Total 25 62. Can images be viewed in real time? Yes 19% No 81% Value Percent Yes 19.4% No 80.7% Total 31

59 63. If yes, by whom? Bus department management Transit agency security Other Value Percent Bus department management 33.3% Transit agency security 66.7% Other 50.0% Total 6 Responses “Other” Left blank Internal police department N/A Transit police only 64. What triggers review of the images? Operator report Customer report Criminal incident Accident Periodic audit Other

60 Value Percent Operator report 100.0% Customer report 96.8% Criminal incident 96.8% Accident 96.8% Periodic audit 25.8% Other 16.1% Total 31 65. If equipment was part of bus purchase, approximately how much did it cost per bus type to implement system? 1 door Response $11,000 $15,000 $7,000 $14,000 $4,000 $8,000 Don’t know N/A N/A Not available Not known by me N/A Project not complete, so actual cost is not available at the time.

61 65. If equipment was part of bus purchase, approximately how much did it cost per bus type to implement system? 2 door Response $10,000 $10,674.00 $12,000 $15,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $9,800 0 $10,000 $10K $13,000 $15,000 $4,000.00 $5,000 Don’t know N/A N/A Not available Not known by me Price not broken out Don’t know N/A Not certain 65. If equipment was part of bus purchase, approximately how much did it cost per bus type to implement system? 3 door Response $10,000 $12,168.00 $13,000 $15,000 $12K $13,000 $16,000 $4,000.00 Don't know N/A N/A Not available Not known by me Price not broken out N/A

62 66. If equipment was retrofitted, approximately how much did it cost per bus type to implement system? 1 door Response $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $4, 000.00 $4,000 N/A N/A Not available Not known by me N/A No one-door coaches 66. If equipment was retrofitted, approximately how much did it cost per bus type to implement system? 2 door Response $10,000 $13,000 $15,000 $2,700/bus in 2006 $5,000 $7,600 $15,000 $17,387 $4,000.00 $4,000–$6,000 $5,500 $5K $6,810 $8,000 N/A N/A Not available Not known by me N/A No retrofits

63 66. If equipment was retrofitted, approximately how much did it cost per bus type to implement system? 3 door Response $10,000 $14,000 $16,000 $17,765 $4,000.00 N/A N/A Not available Not known by me N/A No retrofits 67. Have there been financial benefits associated with surveillance equipment? Yes 93% No 7% Value Percent Yes 93.3% No 6.7% Total 30

64 68. If so, what financial benefits? If no financial benefits, “N/A.” Response Cameras have disproved claims against the transit district. Claims and accident investigations Decrease in false claims Financial savings have not been documented. Have been a great assistance when investigating claims of onboard injury Improved operator behavior; reduction in severity In case of an accident, who was at fault. Incident, what happen is case of legal action. It exposes fraudulent claims made by riders, and it also deters people from making false claims. Less claims Liability claims reduction Lower claim costs More claims proved to be not the fault of the bus company Proof of liability or no liability in claims or accidents, arrests of vandals, etc. Reduced claims, reduced worker’s compensation Reducing insurance claims Reduction in contract price Reduction in tort claim payouts Risk management claims are refuted with video evidence. Saved losses from potential rider injury/accident claims Significant impact to claims/litigation payout Some possible benefits from false claims of being hurt on the bus The camera systems have helped NYCT in lawsuit litigation. Video has stopped some big lawsuits it there tracks. Claims have been reduced. N/A Video evidence of accidents to disprove false accounts. Elimi- nating grievances by having proof of driver’s conduct. We conduct over 7,000 potential liability claims investigations per year, saving the RTD millions in false or extensive claims. We also use video for restitution after convictions. Risk management’s reduction of false claims. Reduced crimi- nal activity interfering with revenue operations. 69. Is surveillance equipment used for training bus operators? Yes No Accident Prevention 54.8% 45.2% Customer Service 51.6% 48.4% Other 32.3% 67.7%

65 70. Are union representatives active in developing surveillance policy? Yes 52% No 48% Value Percent Yes 51.6% No 48.4% Total 31

66 71. What was your greatest challenge? Response Acceptance by operators Configuration issues Cost Cost and employee acceptance Equipment reliability Implementation of a maintenance program and system reliability Inability to have audio recorded Keeping systems working and reliable Maintaining support for various systems simultaneously and maintaining a 100% operational goal Maintaining technology without a budget for it. Some equip- ment is 14 years old. N/A No real challenge; union had some concerns but they have not amounted to anything. None Operator buy in Privacy issues, union issues Replacing obsolete systems Technical implementation The greatest challenge was to prevent videos from skipping. Trying to get the video placed on the operator Union allowing video evidence for disciplining purposes Convincing operators it would help them Keeping systems monitored and repaired The cost of the equipment, maintaining it, and upgrading as technological advancements are made are big challenges. Also getting the operators’ union to support the use of some of the technology has been difficult. We are currently in arbitration with the union to be able to use the camera directed at the operator’s compartment as well as the audio. Staffing up to handle the volume of incidents triggered for counseling by front line supervision. Union pushback when employees were disciplined for images discovered while oper- ating equipment… (cell phone use, traffic signal violations, etc.). Inability to discipline for major rule violations observed on video not related to complaint as to why video was viewed. (Exception is cell phone use.) Keeping systems maintained. It’s a big commitment. Also funding for updates and state of good repair. Every time we copied a video from a vehicle surveillance tape our whole network would slow down. To get buy-in from the work group that in most cases the onboard video would vindicate their actions. Implementing procedures and IT capabilities for downloading, reviewing, saving, and sharing videos

67 72. How did you overcome it? Response Federal funds Awarded a contract to maintain CCTV Cannot overcome it. State law prohibits audio recording in surveillance systems. Constant feedback to senior leadership Continued planning committee, executive support, grant fund- ing support Have not completely Have not overcame it, yet still working on it. N/A N/A Negotiation as to how much video can be admissible Openness and transparency Project still not complete Reduced the public’s complaints by having proof of activities Replace entire systems. Stick to it. Still discuss rule violation with employee, but nothing is in the file. The manufacturer developed a new software. Through real incidents of bus operators being vindicated when accused of wrongdoing Training vendor support; better technology Worked through IT issues and created best practices for accomplishing all of the tasks. Time and patience We are always looking to be strategic with our funding. The security the cameras provide for our employees and our riders is vitally important. By the end of the year, all our buses will have cameras. We are currently in arbitration with the opera- tors’ union to be able to use the camera directed at the opera- tor’s compartment as well as the audio. Implementing video program, hire systems support contractor, and development of real partnership with DVR manufacturer/ software developer PERC (public employee relations commission ruling) permit- ting the use of developing technology being ruled as not a negotiable item for bargaining. Used triggered events to rein- force positive behavior to show benefit of cameras through awards for collision avoidance. Out MIS department expanded our bandwidth to accommo- date the necessary increased usage from the video surveillance being copied to our server. Transitioned to same system on the entire fleet and by main- taining good relationships with vendors. Update and mandate a preventive maintenance program, upgrade daily reports and who receives them, constant train- ing of maintenance personnel and transit police force Satisfied requirements set by Privacy Commission. Came to agreement with union regarding use for discipline, etc.

68 73. Lessons learned? Please identify. Response Cameras are an important, vital tool in the security of employees and riders. Have a dedicated staff to manage the asset after implementation. Higher-definition cameras and more of them are definite pluses. It is better to have too many cameras than the minimum that you can get by with. Most important to find a video system that is easy to use and reliable N/A N/A N/A None Trial equipment for a longer period of time. Try to get coach operators involved from the beginning. Try to stay away from having more than one type of video system for all your video. Would have negotiated more on getting a full view of the operator N/A CCTV equipment is sensitive to high temperatures during the summer and needs to be well ventilated to maintain proper operation. Standardizing the entire fleet to one system as a sole source helps in investigations, maintenance, and upgrades. We also used a Panasonic non-proprietary server that has the capability of changing software vendors at any time. Not to purchase a network system that is manufactured for just a single customer. The Wi-Max network that is manufactured just for NYCT use with the bus camera system has become end of life. Set too narrow a window for retention of video, found agreement for non-use for disci- pline to be flawed (my opinion) We were early to the video surveillance usage and learned that technology changes very fast, the system has increased in price and function, and making sure that you have a program to upgrade the systems is important. Upgrade equipment to maintain technology life cycle. Upgrade to improve download abilities. Went from B&W to color. Went to infrared cameras for low light conditions. Better resolution cameras. 1) Important to achieve confidence in system reliability—still working that. 2) DVRs are far more robust than even the provider knows. 3) Transit systems video users group can drive mobile video industry. Start small when determining which videos to review, as it is time-consuming. Dedicate staff to the process who have time and technical capabilities. Create a public records request process for inevitable requests for video clips. Store video in protected environ- ments and allow limited access to prevent from being shared outside the agency. Keep all parties engaged in the conversation regarding failures and what is expected; training, training, training. Be VERY specific as to what you want on the RFP and ensure requirements are adhered to by vendor. MCTS is currently in the process of writing an RFP for an 8-camera sys- tem with wireless downloading, accelerometer, and GPS.

69 74. Recommendations/Comments? Response I would like a copy of the survey findings once concluded. Sorry for the delay. N/A None Nothing Plan on midlife upgrades, improvements Shop around and set up demo of systems to find the system that fits your needs. Stay up on the latest technological advancements. Try to do as many pilots as possible before making a purchasing decision. N/A Once law enforcement is aware of the availability of surveillance video, it will be a full- time job to keep up with all internal and external video requests. Should have a larger window for retention, and video should be allowed to be used in investigation into performance or disciplinary issues (my opinion). When purchasing a surveillance system, it is best to have a system that sends an alert automatically when an error is recorded. For the network, it is best to purchase a system that is commercially available off the shelf and is compatible with other networks. Surveillance is valuable for liability purposes, accident investigation, customer service, and training. Although there is a cost, it is well worth the investment. Although there is always some suspicion among bus operators and unions, our experience is that they have accepted that they are a valuable tool, and it is up to management not to abuse the use of the tool or use surveillance as a hammer to catch operators. Conduct site visits to other properties with the selected vendor to see how all stakehold- ers view the solution. Do not leave these decisions to amateurs that consider the lowest bid the best value. These systems are VITAL to a safe and secure operation.