Contracting Fixed-Route Bus Transit Service (2018)

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66 Bray, D. and C. Mulley, “Workshop 4: Designing Contracts/Concessions: What Has Worked and What Has Not and Why?: 12th International Conference Series on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 39, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 226–231. Camén, C. and H. Lidestam, “Dominating Factors Contributing to the High(er) Costs for Public Bus Transports in Sweden,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 59, 2016, pp. 292–296. Currie, G., “Deregulation, Franchising, Outsourcing and Corporatisation in Local Public Transport: Inter­ national Experience,” International Transport Forum Discussion Paper 2016-10, 2016. Davis, J. and S. Reich, Analysis of Transit Contracting Models and Proper Incentives for Long-Term Success. Prepared for the Florida Department of Transportation by the National Center for Transit Research, November 2013. Edrington, S., J. Brooks, L. Cherrington, P. Hamilton, T. Hansen, C. Pourteau, and M. Sandidge, Guidebook: Managing Operating Costs for Rural and Small Urban Transportation Systems: Technical Report, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, 2014. Edrington, S., J. Brooks, L. Cherrington, T. Hansen, P. Hamilton, and C. Pourteau, Identifying Best Practices for Managing Operating Costs for Rural and Small Urban Transportation Systems: Technical Report, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, 2016. Federal Transit Administration, “Third Party Contracting Guidance,” FTA Circular 4220.1F, Revision 4, March 18, 2013. Frick, K.T., B. Taylor, and M. Wachs, Contracting for Public Transit Services in the US: Evaluating the Tradeoffs, University of California Transportation Center, Berkeley, 2008. Grisé, E. and A. El­Geneidy, “Evaluating the relationship between socially (dis)advantaged neighbourhoods and customer satisfaction of bus service in London, U.K.,” Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 58, 2017, pp. 166–175. Hensher, D., “Incompleteness and Clarity in Bus Contracts: Identifying the Nature of the Ex Ante and Ex Post Perceptual Divide,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 29, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 106–117. Hensher, D., “The Relationship between Bus Contract Costs, User Perceived Service Quality and Performance Assessment,” International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2014, pp. 5–27. Hensher, D., Using Contracted Assets to Undertake Non­contracted Services as a Way to Improve Cost Efficiency under Negotiated or Tendered Bus Contracts, Institute of Transport and Logistic Studies, University of Sydney, July 2015. Hensher, D., C. Mulley, and N. Smith, “Towards a Simplified Performance­linked Value for Money Model as a Reference Point for Bus Contract Payments,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 39, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 232–238. Hensher, D. and J. Stanley, “Performance­based Quality Contracts in Bus Service Provision,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 37, Issue 6, 2003, pp. 519–538. Iseki, H., Does Contracting Matter? The Determinants of Contracting and Contracting’s Effects on Cost Efficiency in U.S. Fixed­Route Bus Transit Service, Unpublished dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles, 2004. Iseki, H., “Effects of Contracting on Cost Efficiency in U.S. Fixed­route Bus Transit Service,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 44, Issue 7, 2010, pp. 457–472. Iseki, H., A. Ford, and R. Factor, “Contracting Practice in Fixed­Route Transit Service: Case Studies in Califor­ nia,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1927, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 82–91. Iseki, H., C. Rivasplata, R. Houtman, A. Smith, C. Seifert, and T. Sudar, Examination of Regional Transit Service under Contracting: A Case Study in the Greater New Orleans Region, MTI Report 10­09, Mineta Transporta­ tion Institute, San Jose, Calif., April 2011. References

References 67 Kavanagh, P., “A Case for Negotiated Performance­based Contracting Rather than Competitive Tendering in Government Public Transport (Bus) Service Procurement,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 59, 2016, pp. 313–322. Kim, S., The Effects of Fixed-Route Transit Service Contacting on Labor, Unpublished dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2005. Kim, S. and E. Shon, “Effects of Regulation Changes in Seoul Bus System: Private Bus Operation Under Non­ competitive Fixed Price Contract,” Journal of Advanced Transportation, Vol. 45, No. 2, 2011, pp. 107–116. McCullough, W., B. Taylor, and M. Wachs, “Transit Service Contracting and Cost Efficiency,” Transportation Research Record 1618, pp. 69–77, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1998. Merkert, R. and D. Hensher, “Regulation, Trust and Contractual Incentives Around Transport Contracts—Is There Anything Bus Operators Can Learn from Public Air Service Contracts?,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 39, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 67–78. Mokomyama, M. and C. Venter, “Incorporation of Customer Satisfaction in Public Transport Contracts—A Preliminary Analysis,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2013, pp. 58–66. Morales Sarriera, J., F.P. Salvucci, and J. Zhao, What Drives the Costs of Transit Operations? The Implications of Labor Productivity, Contracting Out, and Unionization, Presented at the 96th Annual Meeting of the Trans­ portation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2017. Nicosia, N., Essays on Competitive Contracting: An Application to the Mass Transit Industry, Unpublished disserta­ tion, University of California, Berkeley, 2002. Parashar, L. and G.K. Dubey, Efficacy of Public Private Partnership (PPP) for City Bus Operations: Experience from Indian Cities,” Paper presented at European Transport Conference, 2011. Pedro, M.J.G. and R. Macário, “A Review of General Practice in Contracting Public Transport Services and Trans­ fer to BRT Systems,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 59, 2016, pp. 94–106. Reich, S. and J. Davis, Analysis of Contracting for Fixed Route Bus Service, Prepared for the Florida Department of Transportation by the National Center for Transit Research, June 2011. Rojo, M., L. dell’Olio, H. Gonzalo­Orden, and A. Ibeas, “Inclusion of Quality Criteria in Public Bus Service Contracts in Metropolitan Areas,” Transport Policy, Vol. 42, 2015, pp. 52–63. Sakai, H. and Y. Takahashi, “Ten Years After Bus Deregulation in Japan: An Analysis of Institutional Changes and Cost Efficiency,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 39, Issue 1, 2013, pp. 215–225. Schaaffkamp, C., “How Can Customer Focus Be Strengthened in Competitive Tendering?,” Research in Trans- portation Economics, Vol. 48, December 2014, pp. 305–314. Smirnova, O. and S. Leland, “Public Transportation and Contracting Out,” Public Works Management & Policy, Vol. 19, Issue 4, 2014, pp. 358–364. Transportation Research Board, Committee for a Study of Contracting Out Transit Services, Special Report 258: Contracting for Bus and Demand-Responsive Transit Services: A Survey of U.S. Practice and Experience, Wash­ ington, D.C., Transportation Research Board, 2001. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), “Public Transit: Transit Agencies’ Use of Contracting to Provide Service,” September 2013. Veeneman, W., J. Wilschut, T. Urlings, J. Blank, and V. van de Velde, “Efficient Frontier Analysis of Dutch Public Transport Tendering: A First Analysis,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 48, December 2014, pp. 101–108. Wallis, I. and D. Bray, “The Contracting of Urban Bus Services—Recent Australian Developments,” Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 48, December 2014, pp. 48–61.