Airport Incident Reporting Practices (2019)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

63 14 CFR 139 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14-Aeronautics and Space, Part 139 Certification of Airports. https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title14/14cfr139_main_02.tpl. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Airports Council International. ACI Survey on Apron Incidents/Accidents. ACI World Headquarters, Switzerland, 2009. Advisory Circular 150/5200-37A. Introduction to Safety Management Systems (SMS) for Airports. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C., July 14, 2016. https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/ index.cfm/go/document.information/documentID/1020146. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. American Bureau of Shipping. Guidance Notes on Safety Culture and Leading Indicators of Safety. Houston, TX. 2014. American Petroleum Institute. Recommended Practice (RP) 754: Process Safety Indicators for the Refining and Petrochemical Industries, 2nd ed., 2016. http://www.api.org/oil-and-natural-gas/health-and-safety/process- safety/process-safety-standards/rp-754. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Associated Builders and Contractors. ABC 2017 Safety Performance Report: Understanding the Impact of Step Participation on Overall Safety Performance. Washington, D.C., June 10, 2017. Ayers, S. Safety Assurance: Making Your Safety Data Work for You. Henry Stewart Publications, Journal of Airport Management, 2018. Available at https://www.henrystewartpublications.com. Ayres Jr., M., H. Shirazi, S. Cardoso, J. Brown, R. Speir, O. Selezneva, J. Hall, T. Puzin, J. Lafortune, F. Caparroz, R. Ryan, and E. McCall. ACRP Report 1: Safety Management Systems for Airports, Volume 2: Guidebook. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17226/14316. Bannard, D. Y. ACRP Legal Research Digest 19: Legal Issues Related to Developing Safety Management Systems and Safety Risk Management at U.S. Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22658. Bellamy, L. J., and V. M. Sol. A Literature Review on Safety Performance Indicators Supporting the Control of Major Hazards. Report 620089001/2012. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport, Netherlands, 2012. http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/620089001.pdf. Bridges, W. G. Get Near Misses Reported, Process Industry Incidents: Investigations Protocols, Case Histories, Lessons Learned. In Center for Chemical Process Safety International Conference and Workshop. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 2000, pp. 379–400. Blackmore, G. A. Leading Performance Indicators. Presented at the International Association of Drilling Contractors Seminar, Aberdeen, United Kingdom. June 18, 1997. Cited in Step Change to Safety 2003. Campbell, G. Measures and Metrics in Corporate Security, 2nd ed. Elsevier Science, Waltham, MA, 2014. CCPS Process Safety Metrics. Process Safety Leading and Lagging Indicators: You Don’t Improve What You Don’t Measure. Center for Chemical Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2011. https://www. aiche.org/ccps/resources/tools/process-safety-metrics. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Civil Aviation Authority. Airside Safety Management, CAP 642 Is. 2. The Stationery Office, Norwich, United Kingdom. Sept. 5, 2006. DHS. Risk Lexicon. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Washington, D.C., 2010. Dyreborg, J. The Causal Relation Between Lead and Lag Indicators. Safety Science, Vol. 47, 2009, pp. 474–475. FAA-H-8083-2. Risk Management Handbook. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C. 2009. FAA Order 8040.4B. Safety Risk Management Policy. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C., May 2017. https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/orders_notices/index.cfm/go/document.information/ documentID/1031187. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Freibott, B. Sustainable Safety Management: Incident Management as a Cornerstone for a Successful Safety Culture. Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol. 134, 2013, p. 26. References

64 Airport Incident Reporting Practices GAO-17-63. Enterprise Risk Management: Selected Agencies’ Experiences Illustrate Good Practices in Managing Risk. U.S. Government Accountability Office, Washington, D.C., 2016. Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI). Measuring Environmental Performance: A Primer and Survey of Metrics in Use. Global Environmental Management Initiative, Washington, D.C. 1998. http://gemi.org/Resources/MET_101.pdf. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Hart, C. Stuck on a Plateau: A Common Problem. In Accident Precursor Analysis and Management: Reducing Technological Risk Through Diligence (J. R. Phimister, V. M. Bier, and H. C. Kunreuther, eds.), National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2004, pp. 147–154. Hale, A. Why safety performance indicators? Safety Science, Vol. 47, 2009, pp. 479−480. Hazel, R. A., J. D. Blais, T. J. Browne, and D. M. Benzon. ACRP Report 19A: Resource Guide to Airport Performance Indicators. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/17645. Herrera, I. A. Proactive Safety Performance Indicators: Resilience Engineering Perspective on Safety Management. PhD dissertation. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 2012. Hewitt, T. Incident Reporting Systems—The Hidden Story. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2011. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307818671_Incident_Reporting_Systems- The_Hidden_Story. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Hinze J., S. Thurman, and A. Wehle. Leading Indicators of Construction Safety Performance. Safety Science, Vol. 51, 2013, pp. 23–28. Hohnen, P., and P. Hasle. Making Work Environment Auditable—A Critical Case Study of Certified Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems in Denmark. Safety Science, Vol. 49, No. 7, 2011, pp. 1022–1029. Hollnagel E. Safety Management—Looking Back or Looking Forward. In Resilience Engineering Perspectives, Volume 1: Remaining Sensitive to the Possibility of Failure (E. Hollnagel, C. P. Nemeth, and S. Dekker, eds.), Aldershot, Ashgate, 2008, pp. 63–78. Hollnagel, E., J. Paries, D. Woods, and J. Wreathall, (ed.). Resilience Engineering in Practice; A Guidebook. Ashgate Publishing Company, Surrey, England, 2011. Hrebicek, J., J. Soukopova, M. Stencl, and O. Trenz. Corporate Key Performance Indicators for Environmen- tal Management and Reporting. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Vol. 59, 2011. pp. 99–108. ICAO. Safety Management Manual (SMM), 3rd ed. ICAO Doc 9859, International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal, Canada, 2013. ICAO. Findings of a Safety Culture Survey, APRAST/7–WP/12, September 2015. Infrastructure Management Group, Inc. ACRP Report 19: Developing an Airport Performance-Measurement System. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17226/14428. Inouye, J. Practical Guide to Leading Indicators: Metrics, Case Studies & Strategies. Campbell Institute/National Safety Council, n.d. http://www.nsc.org/CambpellInstituteandAwardDocuments/WP-PracticalGuidetoLI.pdf. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Kaspers, S., N. Karanikas, A. Roelen, S. Piric, and R. de Boer. Measuring Safety in Aviation. Review of Existing Aviation Safety Metrics. RAAK PRO Project S10931, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands, May 2017. Kjellén, U. The Safety Measurement Problem Revisited. Safety Science, Vol. 47, 2009, pp. 486–489. Landry, J. ACRP Synthesis 58: Safety Reporting Systems at Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22353. Lea+Elliott, Inc. ACRP Report 37A: Guidebook for Measuring Performance of Automated People Mover Systems at Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17226/14606. Lercel, D., Steckel, R., Mondello, S., Carr, E., and Patankar, M. Aviation Safety Management System Return on Investment Study. Center for Aviation Safety Research, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 2011. Marsh Risk Consulting. ACRP Report 74: Application of Enterprise Risk Management at Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22744. Maslen, S., and J. Hayes. Preventing Black Swans: Incident Reporting Systems as Collective Knowledge Management. Journal of Risk Research, Vol. 19, No. 10, 2016: pp. 1246–1260. Macrae, C. The Problem with Incident Reporting. BMJ Quality & Safety, Vol. 25, No. 2, 2016: pp. 71–75. Mathis, T. L. 5 New Metrics to Transform Safety. ProAct Safety, 2009. https://proactsafety.com/articles/5-new- metrics-to-transform-safety. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. McIlravey, B., and P. Ohlhausen, Metrics and Analysis in Security Management. PPM 2000 Inc., Edmonton, Alberta Canada, 2012. http://www.ohlhausen.com/wp-content/ . . . /Metrics-and-Analysis-in-Security- Management.pdf. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Muermann, A., and U. Oktem. The Near-Miss Management of Operational Risk. The Journal of Risk Finance, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2002, pp. 25–36.

References 65 Neubauer, K., D. Fleet, and M. Ayres, Jr. ACRP Report 131: A Guidebook for Safety Risk Management for Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17226/22138. OECD. Guidance on Developing Safety Performance Indicators Related to Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and Response: Guidance for Public Authorities and Communities/Public, 2nd ed. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Environment, Health and Safety Publications, Series on Chemical Accidents, No. 19, Paris, France, 2008. Oktem, U. G., R. Wong, and C. Oktem. Near-Miss Management: Managing the Bottom of the Risk Pyramid. Risk & Regulation, July 2010. Okuyama, A., M. Sasaki, and K. Kanda. The Relationship Between Incident Reporting by Nurses and Safety Management in Hospitals. Quality Management in Health Care, Vol. 19, No. 2, 2010. Oliver Wyman. Guide to Airport Performance Measures. Airports Council International. Montreal, Canada. February 2012. OMB Circular No. A-123. Management’s Responsibility for Enterprise Risk Management and Internal Control. Association for Federal Enterprise Risk Managers, November 7, 2016. OSHA. Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses. Form 300A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Washington, D.C., 2004. https://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/new-osha300form1-1-04- FormsOnly.pdf. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Probst, T., and A. Estrada. Accident Under-reporting Among Employees: Testing the Moderating Influence of Psychological Safety Climate and Supervisor Enforcement of Safety Practices. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 42, 2010, pp. 1438–1444. Rakich, R., C. Wells, and D. Wood. ACRP Synthesis 30: Airport Insurance Coverage and Risk Management Practices. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.17226/14611. Reason, J. Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Hants, England, 1997. Reiman, T., and C. Rollenhagen. Human and Organizational Biases Affecting the Management of Safety. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Vol. 96, 2011, pp. 1263–1274. Reiman, T., and E. Pietikäinen. Indicators of Safety Culture—Selection and Utilization of Leading Safety Performance Indicators. Report number: 2010:07 VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, March 2010. Reiman, T., and E. Pietikäinen. Leading Indicators of System Safety—Monitoring and Driving the Organiza- tional Safety Potential. Safety Science, Vol. 50, 2012, pp. 1993–2000. Ricondo & Associates, Inc. ACRP Report 62: Airport Apron Management and Control Programs. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22794. Sabet P. G. P., H. Aadal, M. H. M. Jamshidi, and M. H. K. G. Rad. Application of Domino Theory to Justify and Prevent Accident Occurrence in Construction Sites. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Vol. 6, No. 2, 2013, pp. 72–76. Safety and Standards Board. Press Release. Safety and Standards Board, United Kingdom, January 25, 2011. http://www.rssb.co.uk/SiteCollectionDocuments/press/2011/RSSB%20RIDDOR%20Review%20Press%20 Release.pdf. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Safety Management International Collaboration Group. Measuring Safety Performance Guidelines for Service Providers. July 2013. https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Safety_Management_International_Collaboration_ Group_(SM_ICG). Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Simmons, B. Moving Your Organisation Beyond Compliance to Safety Management Performance. Baines Simmons Limited, Surrey, United Kingdom, Nov. 2015. Step Change in Safety. Leading Performance Indicators: Guidance for Effective Use. Step Change in Safety, 2003. Stowell, R. All Eyes on the Horizon. The Safety & Health Practitioner, Vol. 31, No. 9, 2013, pp. 44–47. Thatcher, T. P., ACRP Report 44: A Guidebook for the Preservation of Public-Use Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/14547. Toellner, J. Improving Safety and Health Performance: Identifying and Measuring Leading Indicators. Professional Safety, Vol. 46, No. 9, 2001, pp. 42–47. Transit Rail Advisory Committee for Safety. Implementing Safety Management System Principles in Rail Transit Agencies. 2011. https://www.transit.dot.gov/oversight-policy-areas/transit-rail-advisory-committee-safety. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. UL White Paper. Using Leading and Lagging Safety Indicators to Manage Workplace Health and Safety Risk. 2013. https://library.ul.com/?document=using-leading-and-lagging-safety-indicators-to-manage-workplace- health-and-safety-risk&industry=ehs-sustainability. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Volz, E., P. E. Gabriel, H. W. Bergendahl, A. Maity, and S. M. Hahn. Improving Safety Culture Through Incident Reporting. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, Vol. 84, No. 3, 2012, pp. S100–S101. http://www.redjournal.org/article/S0360-3016(12)01207-2/abstract. Accessed Dec. 9, 2017. Yip, M., N. Essary. Enterprise Risk Management “In Action,” presented at ACI 2010 Insurance and Risk Manage- ment Conference, San Diego, CA. January 2010.