Improved Test Methods and Practices for Characterizing Steel Corrosion Potential of Earthen Materials (2020)

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73 Eyre, D. and Lewis, D.A. (1987), “Soil Corrosivity Assessment,” Contractor Report 54, Transportation Road Research Laboratory, UK. Fishman, K.L. and Withiam, J.L. (2011). “LRFD Metal Loss and Service-Life Strength Reduction Factors for Metal-Reinforced Systems,” NCHRP Report 675, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 105p. Hageman, P.L. (2007), “U.S. Geological Survey Field Leach Test for Assessing Water Reactivity and Leaching Potential of Mine Wastes, Soils, and Other Geologic and Environmental Materials,” U.S. Geologic Survey Techniques and Methods, Book 5, Chapter D3, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geologic Survey, Reston, VA, 14 p. Highway Agency, United Kingdom (2000), “Design Manual for Roads and Bridges”, BD 42/00, Vol. 2, Section 1, Part 2. < http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/ > (Oct 21, 2019). Jones, C.J.F.P. (1985), “Durability,” Chapter 10, Earth Reinforcements and Soil Structures, Butterworths, London, pp. 138. Jones, D. A. (1996). Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 40-74. King, R. (1977). "A review of soil corrosiveness with particular reference to reinforced earth." TRRL Supplementary Report 316, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. Lehigh Hanson Company (2019). "Crushed stone materials." <https://www.lehighhanson.com/products/aggregates/crushed-stone >. (Oct 16, 2019). McCarter, W. J. (1984). “The electrical resistivity characteristics of compacted clays.” Geotechnique, 34(2), 263-267. NCHRP 21-06 (2009). “Corrosion in the Soil Environment: Soil Resistivity and pH Measurements,” Draft Final Report, prepared by William S. Vilda III, Corrpro Companies, Inc., Ocean CIty Research Group, Ocean City, NJ, Janaury 2009, 106 pp. Oman, M. (2004). "Advancement of grading & base material testing." Office of Materials, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Maplewood, MN, USA. Page, A. (1982). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, American Society of Agronomy. Rehm, G. (1980). "The service life of reinforced earth structures from a corrosion technology standpoint." The Reinforced Earth Company (RECO), Vienna, VA. Romanoff, M. (1957). Underground Corrosion, National Bureau of Standards, Circular 579, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Sagues, A., Poor, N. D., Caseres, L., and Akhoondan, M. (2009). "Development of a rational method for predicting corrosion rates of metals in soils and waters." Report No. BD497, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia. Shreir, L.L., Jarman, R.A., and Barstein, G.T. (1994), Corrosion, 3rd Edition, Vol. 1, Elsevier, p. 2:85. SCT 143 (2008). "Method of preparing coarse aggregate sample for pH and resistivity testing in the laboratory." South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT), Columbia, SC. Siddharthan, R. V., Thornley, J., and Luke, B. (2010). "Investigation of corrosion of MSE walls in Nevada." Research No. 2009-03, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV. Tait, W. S. (1994). An Introduction to Electrochemical Corrosion Testing for Practicing Engineers and Scientists, PairODocs, Racine, WI.

74 Tex-110-E (1999). “Particle Size Analysis of Soils,” Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX. Tex-128-E (1999). "Determining soil pH." Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Austin, TX. Tex-129-E (1999). "Measuring the resistivity of soil materials." Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Austin, TX. Tex-129-M (2018). “Test Procedure for Measuring the Resistivity of Soils and Aggregates,” Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Austin, TX. Tex-620-J (2005). "Determining chloride and sulfate contents in soil." Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Austin, TX. Tex-620-M (2018). “Test Procedure for Determining the Conductivity, pH, Sulfate Contnet, and Chloride Content of Soil and Coarse Aggregate,” Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Austin, TX. Wenner, F. (1915). "A method for measuring earth resistivity." Journal of the washington academy of sciences, 5(16), 561-563. William, V. (2009). "Corrosion in the soil environment: soil resistivity and pH measurements." NCHRP 21-06, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, DC.