Initiating the Systems Engineering Process for Rural Connected Vehicle Corridors, Volume 1: Research Overview (2021)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

43   e following is a glossary of project-specic terms used throughout this report. Term Denition Application One or more pieces of soware designed to perform some specic function; it is a conguration of interacting Engineering Objects. A connected vehicle application consists of a collection of activities, including interactions between dierent entities in the service of a collection of related goals and associated with a given IEEE Provider Service Identier (PSID). Applications are the most visible part of the connected vehicle environment. e applications allow the connected vehicle systems and technologies to deliver services and benets to a variety of users. Applications are divided into three broad categories: safety applications, mobility applications, and environ- mental applications. Automated Vehicles (AVs) Any vehicle equipped with driving automation technologies (as dened in SAE J3016). is term can refer to a vehicle tted with any form of driving automation (SAE Level 1–5), as vehicles in which at least one element of vehicle control (e.g., steering, speed control) occurs without direct driver input. SAE J3016 denes a taxonomy for driving automation ranging from no automation (Level 0) to full driving automation (Level 5). Basic Safety Message (BSM) Packet of data that contains information about vehicle position, heading, speed, and other information relating to a vehicle’s state and predicted path, broadcast at 10 Hz by connected vehicles. Concept of Operations (ConOps) A user-oriented document that describes a system’s operational characteristics from the end user’s viewpoint. Connected Vehicle (CV) Connected vehicles communicate wirelessly with each other, with infrastructure, and with wireless devices to share vital transpor- tation information. Connected vehicles use this information to attain 360-degree awareness of nearby vehicles, which increases the driver’s situational awareness of their surroundings. Connected Vehicle Infrastructure Connected vehicle infrastructure primarily refers to dedicated short range communications (DSRC) radio equipment but can also refer to the supporting infrastructure needed for deployment, such as backhaul communications, connected vehicle data analytics, and connected vehicle equipped trac signal controllers. Glossary

44 Initiating the Systems Engineering Process for Rural Connected Vehicle Corridors Term Definition Connected Vehicle Technology Enable vehicles, roads, other infrastructure, and smartphones to all communicate and share vital transportation information through advanced wireless communication technology. Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) A communications protocol developed to address the safety critical issues associated with sending and receiving data among vehicles and between moving vehicles and fixed roadside access points. These provide low-latency data-only vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. In the United States, DSRC operates in licensed wireless spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band. Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) An ITS device used to convey information to drivers about travel time, roadway conditions, and other information of which they should be aware. Environment The circumstances, objects, and conditions that surround a system to be built. It includes technical, political, commercial, cultural, organizational, and physical influences as well as standards and policies that govern what a system must do or how it will do it. Intelligent Transpor- tation System (ITS) Architecture A framework within which interrelated systems can be built that work together to deliver transportation services. It defines how systems functionally operate and the interconnection of information exchanges that must take place between these systems to accomplish transportation services. The National ITS Architecture, entitled the Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transporta- tion (ARC-IT), provides a starting point for the creation of regional ITS architectures and project ITS architectures. It can be found at http://local.iteris.com/arc-it/. Interoperability The ability of a system to communicate with other systems to provide the same service in different physical locations. It is also the ability of one system (or component) to replace another without degrading the service being provided. ITS Field Device An intelligent infrastructure component distributed near or along the transportation network that performs surveillance (e.g., traffic detectors, cameras), traffic control (e.g., signal controllers), infor- mation provision [e.g., Dynamic Message Signs (DMS)] and local transaction (e.g., tolling, parking) functions. Typically, their opera- tion is governed by transportation management functions running in Backoffices. National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) A family of standards that provides both the rules for communi- cating (called protocols) and the vocabulary (called objects) neces- sary to allow electronic traffic control equipment from different manufacturers to operate with each other as a system. Notification General term used for message, alert, or warning issued to vehicle operator.

Glossary 45   Term Definition Onboard Unit (OBU) A vehicle-mounted device used to transmit and receive a variety of message traffic to and from other connected devices [other OBUs and roadside units (RSUs)]. Among the message types and applica- tions supported by this device are vehicle safety messages. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) A company that produces vehicles as they are sold to the buyers. OEM also includes any factory-installed connected vehicle capabilities. Personally Identifiable Information (PII) PII is personal or professional information that can be used to distin- guish or trace an individual’s identity, such as the individual’s name, Social Security number (SSN), biometric records, and so forth, alone or when combined with other personal or identifying infor- mation that is linked or linkable to a specific individual, such as date and place of birth, mother’s maiden name, and so forth. Messages such as the BSM have been designed to avoid the inclusion of PII. Real-Time Data Data that is collected continuously and made available for imme- diate processing. Roadside Unit (RSU) A connected device that is only allowed to operate from a fixed position (which may be a permanent installation or from temporary equipment brought on-site for a period of time associated with an incident, road construction, or other event). Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) and MAP The SAE J2735 SPaT message provides status information about a signalized intersection as a whole and dynamic signal indication and timing status information for the individual signal groups at the intersection. The SAE J2735 MAP message focuses on infor- mation about lanes. It can provide lane information for up to 32 intersections and 32 non-intersection road segments. System An arrangement of parts or elements that together exhibit behavior or meaning that the individual constituents do not. The system’s properties (as a whole) result or emerge from the parts or elements and their individual properties AND the relationships and inter actions between and among the parts, the system, and its environment. Systems Engineering Approach Systems engineering is an organized approach to developing and implementing a system. The approach can be applied when devel- oping any type of system. It is crucial to use the systems engineering approach in designing ITS infrastructure so that the technology effectively supports the management and operation of the trans- portation system. Although there are many ways to represent the systems engineering process, the winged “V” (or “Vee”) model has been broadly adopted in the transportation industry. The Vee model is a linear and sequential product or software develop- ment model that includes Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design, Construction, Testing, Production, Implementation, and Mainte- nance phases.

46 Initiating the Systems Engineering Process for Rural Connected Vehicle Corridors Term Definition Third-Party Organizations not affiliated with the local agency. Third-party service providers may communicate with their vehicle-based subscribers who use their applications or services through cellular smartphone apps, telematics devices, or other similar means. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication A communication that promotes the exchange of information between the vehicles and various counterparts, including other means of transport, the infrastructure, traffic management centers, and various Internet applications. A communication allowing the car to communicate with various, non-vehicle-located, smart-enabled road infrastructure, such as electronics built into traffic signals, stoplights, speed signs, bollards, barriers, and message boards. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communication A communication that promotes the exchange of information between the vehicles and the infrastructure. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication A communication that promotes the exchange of information between vehicles.