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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1998. From Death to Birth: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5842.
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Index A Abortion, <a href="23.html">23</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a> AIDS and, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a> sex-selective, China, lO(n.<a href="4.html">4</a>) spontaneous, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="229.html">229</a> Adult mortality, <a href="8.html">8</a> AIDS, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a>,142, <a href="143.html">143</a>-147,<a href="149.html">149</a>-150, <a href="151.html">151</a>, <a href="154.html">154</a>, <a href="156.html">156</a>-161, <a href="164.html">164</a>-167, <a href="174.html">174</a>, <a href="303.html">303</a> Europe, <a href="192.html">192</a> insurance behavior and, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="79.html">79</a> perceived risks, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="10.html">10</a>-11, l l<a href="5.html">5</a>(n.<a href="2.html">2</a>) sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>-147, <a href="149.html">149</a>-151, <a href="154.html">154</a>, <a href="156.html">156</a>-161, <a href="164.html">164</a>-166, <a href="174.html">174</a> Africa, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a> child death and birth spacing, <a href="42.html">42</a>-72 (passim) community-level analysis, <a href="261.html">261</a> AIDS, <a href="151.html">151</a>, <a href="155.html">155</a>-156, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="166.html">166</a>-167 family size, country studies, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>- <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="264.html">264</a>, <a href="265.html">265</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a>- <a href="300.html">300</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a>, <a href="323.html">323</a> AIDS, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>-144, <a href="149.html">149</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a> see also sub-Saharan Africa; specific countries <a href="411.html">411</a> Age factors AIDS and, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a> child's, <a href="10.html">10</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="53.html">53</a>, <a href="79.html">79</a>-80, <a href="87.html">87</a>-88, <a href="361.html">361</a>, <a href="372.html">372</a>-374 Costa Rica, <a href="400.html">400</a> family life cycle, <a href="78.html">78</a>-110 hazard model methodology, <a href="303.html">303</a>- <a href="310.html">310</a> sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="269.html">269</a>-270, <a href="274.html">274</a>- <a href="275.html">275</a>, <a href="298.html">298</a>-300 household models, <a href="150.html">150</a> India, <a href="361.html">361</a>, <a href="372.html">372</a>-374 Indonesia, <a href="320.html">320</a>, <a href="329.html">329</a> insurance behavior and, <a href="79.html">79</a> marital, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a>, <a href="107.html">107</a>, <a href="108.html">108</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> maternal, <a href="11.html">11</a> Africa, country studies, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="270.html">270</a>, <a href="279.html">279</a>-280, <a href="287.html">287</a>, <a href="304.html">304</a>, <a href="305.html">305</a> developing countries, cross-national analysis, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="51.html">51</a> United States, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="230.html">230</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a>, <a href="244.html">244</a> replacement behavior, <a href="244.html">244</a> social learning, <a href="124.html">124</a> United States, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="230.html">230</a>, <a href="240.html">240</a>-242, <a href="244.html">244</a>

412 Aggregate analyses, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="4.html">4</a>-6, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a> Africa, country studies, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="255.html">255</a>- <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a> Costa Rica, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="390.html">390</a>-399 Europe, country studies, <a href="187.html">187</a>-222 focus of, <a href="316.html">316</a> India, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a> individual-level data vs. <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a> infant mortality as child mortality, <a href="186.html">186</a>-187 United States, <a href="242.html">242</a>-247 see also Cohort data and analyses AIDS, sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a> 177, <a href="303.html">303</a> abortion and, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a> adult mortality, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a> 147, <a href="149.html">149</a>-150, <a href="151.html">151</a>, <a href="154.html">154</a>, <a href="156.html">156</a> 161, <a href="164.html">164</a>-167, <a href="174.html">174</a>, <a href="303.html">303</a> age factors, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a> attitudes, <a href="154.html">154</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a> birth spacing, <a href="145.html">145</a> breast feeding/lactation interruption, impact on, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> transmission via, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a> child mortality, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a> - <a href="143.html">143</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>, <a href="147.html">147</a>-148, <a href="150.html">150</a>-151, <a href="154.html">154</a>-156, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>-166 coital frequency of HIV carriers, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> community-level analysis, <a href="151.html">151</a>, <a href="155.html">155</a> 156, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="166.html">166</a>-167 contraception and, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="303.html">303</a> cost factors, <a href="144.html">144</a> counseling/testing, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>-145 cross-sectional analysis, <a href="150.html">150</a>-151 demographics, general, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>, <a href="165.html">165</a> extended family, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="149.html">149</a> family size, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>-144, <a href="149.html">149</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a> gender factors, <a href="140.html">140</a>-141, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>-165, <a href="166.html">166</a> household analysis, <a href="139.html">139</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="148.html">148</a>-161, <a href="166.html">166</a>, <a href="173.html">173</a>-177 sampling and samples, <a href="146.html">146</a>-148, <a href="151.html">151</a>-155, <a href="175.html">175</a>-176 insurance behavior, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="142.html">142</a> 143, <a href="149.html">149</a> longitudinal studies, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="154.html">154</a> INDEX marriage, <a href="144.html">144</a> migration effects, <a href="156.html">156</a> multivariate analysis, <a href="139.html">139</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>-165 nutrition, <a href="147.html">147</a>, <a href="148.html">148</a> other STDs and, <a href="144.html">144</a> regression analysis, <a href="150.html">150</a>-151, <a href="155.html">155</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>, <a href="173.html">173</a>-177 replacement behavior, <a href="142.html">142</a>-143 sampling and samples, <a href="139.html">139</a>-140, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>-147, <a href="155.html">155</a> household data, <a href="146.html">146</a>-148, <a href="151.html">151</a>-155, <a href="175.html">175</a>-176 sexual activity of HIV infected, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>-165, <a href="166.html">166</a> coital frequency, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> transmission routes, <a href="140.html">140</a>-141 unwanted fertility, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="165.html">165</a> urban/rural residence, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="139.html">139</a>-142, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a> Anthropometric analyses, United States, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="235.html">235</a> Asia, <a href="18.html">18</a>-20 child death and birth interval, <a href="42.html">42</a>-72 (passim), <a href="301.html">301</a> uncertainty, cultural factors, <a href="127.html">127</a> see also specific countries Attitudes, general, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a> adult mortality, risk perception, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="10.html">10</a> <a href="11.html">11</a>, ll<a href="5.html">5</a>(n.<a href="2.html">2</a>) AIDS, Tanzania, <a href="154.html">154</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a> family size, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="185.html">185</a> individuals' perceptions, bias toward extremes, <a href="122.html">122</a>-123 sampling, <a href="125.html">125</a> socioeconomic status and, <a href="113.html">113</a> United States, <a href="8.html">8</a> see also Fatalism; Social learning B Bangladesh, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a> Bayesian learning, <a href="22.html">22</a>, <a href="114.html">114</a>-121, <a href="126.html">126</a>-127, <a href="130.html">130</a>-132 Behavioral replacement strategies, see Replacement behavior Belgium, <a href="23.html">23</a>, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="198.html">198</a>

INDEX Belief structures, see Attitudes, general; Social learning; Uncertainty, decision-making Birth control, see Abortion; Contraception; Family planning Birth order, see Parity factors Birth spacing, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="74.html">74</a>, <a href="99.html">99</a>, <a href="100.html">100</a>,186,<a href="300.html">300</a>-310 AIDS and, <a href="145.html">145</a> Cameroon, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a>-263, <a href="266.html">266</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>-271, <a href="277.html">277</a>-298 child death and, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="39.html">39</a>-73, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="300.html">300</a>, <a href="327.html">327</a>-329 coital frequency, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a> contraception, <a href="40.html">40</a>-41, <a href="47.html">47</a>-48, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> Demographic and Health Surveys, <a href="39.html">39</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>-43, <a href="260.html">260</a> developing countries, <a href="6.html">6</a> contraception, <a href="40.html">40</a>-41, <a href="47.html">47</a>-48, <a href="69.html">69</a> cross-national analysis, <a href="39.html">39</a>-73 differences-in-differences approach, <a href="26.html">26</a> diseases, other than AIDS, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a> <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a> economic models, <a href="262.html">262</a>-263 Europe, country studies, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="192.html">192</a> hazard models, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>-76 (passim), <a href="280.html">280</a>-285 India, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a> Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a>, <a href="321.html">321</a>, <a href="323.html">323</a>, <a href="325.html">325</a>, <a href="327.html">327</a>-336 Latin America, <a href="42.html">42</a>-72 (passim), <a href="301.html">301</a> menstruation and, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="46.html">46</a>-47, <a href="57.html">57</a>-62, <a href="65.html">65</a>, <a href="68.html">68</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a>-72 multivariate analysis, <a href="280.html">280</a>-281, <a href="330.html">330</a>-334 neonatal mortality, <a href="48.html">48</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="277.html">277</a>-280 postneonatal mortality, <a href="48.html">48</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="277.html">277</a>-280 sexual activity, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="46.html">46</a>, <a href="62.html">62</a>-68 United States, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="230.html">230</a> see also Insurance behavior; Lactation <a href="300.html">300</a> interruption; Replacement behavior Birth timing, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="74.html">74</a>, <a href="99.html">99</a>, <a href="333.html">333</a> sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="269.html">269</a>-270, <a href="280.html">280</a>-298, <a href="303.html">303</a> Bivariate analyses, <a href="6.html">6</a>, <a href="126.html">126</a>, <a href="330.html">330</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a> Costa Rica, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="389.html">389</a>-399, <a href="400.html">400</a>-403 Europe, country studies, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>, l<a href="95.html">95</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>), <a href="207.html">207</a> 413 Bolivia, <a href="12.html">12</a> Botswana, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="51.html">51</a> Brazil, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a> Breastfeeding, <a href="6.html">6</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>-46, <a href="72.html">72</a> AIDS, impact on, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> transmission via, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a> artificial feeding vs. <a href="229.html">229</a> child death and birth interval, developing countries, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>-47, <a href="52.html">52</a>-53, <a href="69.html">69</a> duration, <a href="9.html">9</a>-10, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="184.html">184</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> U.S. data, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="231.html">231</a> see also Lactation interruption C Cameroon, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a>-255, <a href="262.html">262</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="265.html">265</a>-310 birth spacing, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a>-263, <a href="266.html">266</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>-271, <a href="277.html">277</a>-298 cultural factors, <a href="273.html">273</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a> Child death, individual, <a href="3.html">3</a> AIDS, caused by, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="157.html">157</a> birth spacing, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="39.html">39</a>-73, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="264.html">264</a>, <a href="300.html">300</a>, <a href="327.html">327</a>-329 coital frequency and, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a> family size and, <a href="323.html">323</a> first born, impacts, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="264.html">264</a>-265, <a href="298.html">298</a> 302, <a href="304.html">304</a>, <a href="324.html">324</a>-325, <a href="332.html">332</a>, <a href="333.html">333</a> <a href="334.html">334</a>, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="377.html">377</a> Indonesia, <a href="324.html">324</a>-325, <a href="330.html">330</a>-336 persistence of effects, <a href="53.html">53</a>, <a href="56.html">56</a> social learning and, <a href="117.html">117</a> sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>-277, see also Insurance behavior; Replacement behavior Child mortality, general, <a href="1.html">1</a>-6, <a href="186.html">186</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a> 228 Africa, <a href="254.html">254</a>-310 AIDS, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a>-143, <a href="146.html">146</a>, <a href="147.html">147</a>-148, <a href="150.html">150</a>-151, <a href="154.html">154</a>-156, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>-166 cross-national studies, <a href="44.html">44</a>-72 (passim)

414 Asia, cross-national studies, <a href="44.html">44</a>-72 (passim) Costa Rica, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a>, <a href="27.html">27</a>-28, <a href="384.html">384</a>-408 Europe, country studies, <a href="186.html">186</a>-187, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="213.html">213</a> fertility and, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="74.html">74</a>-110, <a href="150.html">150</a> India, <a href="26.html">26</a>-27, <a href="339.html">339</a>-381 Indonesia, <a href="321.html">321</a>-336 infant mortality vs. <a href="85.html">85</a>, <a href="186.html">186</a>- <a href="187.html">187</a> Latin America, cross-national studies, <a href="44.html">44</a>-72 (passim) social learning and perception of, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="115.html">115</a>(n.<a href="2.html">2</a>) sustainable development and, <a href="2.html">2</a>-3 United States, historical studies, <a href="7.html">7</a>-8, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="240.html">240</a>-247 see also Child death, individual; Infant mortality; Insurance behavior; Prenatal mortality; Replacement behavior China, lO(n.<a href="4.html">4</a>), <a href="19.html">19</a> Cohort data and analyses advantages, <a href="355.html">355</a> India, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>-344, <a href="350.html">350</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>-361, <a href="364.html">364</a>-370, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a> Coital frequency abstinence, <a href="23.html">23</a> AIDS-related, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> postpartum, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="62.html">62</a>-64, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a> child death and birth spacing, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a> Columbia, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a> Community-level analyses Africa, <a href="261.html">261</a> AIDS, <a href="151.html">151</a>, <a href="155.html">155</a>-156, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="166.html">166</a>-167 Costa Rica, <a href="389.html">389</a>-407 Europe, <a href="187.html">187</a>-215 replacement behavior, <a href="101.html">101</a>, <a href="102.html">102</a> Condoms, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="303.html">303</a> Contraception, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="317.html">317</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> Africa, country studies, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>- <a href="264.html">264</a>, <a href="303.html">303</a> AIDS and, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="303.html">303</a> birth spacing and, <a href="40.html">40</a>-41, <a href="47.html">47</a>-48, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> INDEX Costa Rica, <a href="384.html">384</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a>-400, <a href="401.html">401</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a>, <a href="406.html">406</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a> developing countries, <a href="40.html">40</a>-41, <a href="47.html">47</a>-48, <a href="69.html">69</a> economic factors, <a href="128.html">128</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a> education and, <a href="273.html">273</a> India, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="341.html">341</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="370.html">370</a>-377 Indonesia, <a href="318.html">318</a>, <a href="327.html">327</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a> replacement/insurance behavior and, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="243.html">243</a>(n.<a href="3.html">3</a>), <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>, <a href="370.html">370</a>-377, <a href="407.html">407</a> social learning/diffusion models, <a href="128.html">128</a> see also Lactation interruption; Sterility and sterilization Costa Rica, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a>, <a href="27.html">27</a>-29, <a href="385.html">385</a>-408 age factors, <a href="400.html">400</a> aggregate analyses, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="390.html">390</a>-399 bivariate analyses, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="389.html">389</a>-399, <a href="400.html">400</a> 403 community-level analysis, <a href="389.html">389</a>-407 contraception, <a href="384.html">384</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a>-400, <a href="401.html">401</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a>, <a href="406.html">406</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a> cross-sectional analysis, <a href="394.html">394</a>, <a href="396.html">396</a> cultural factors, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a>-408 demography, <a href="386.html">386</a>-387 diseases, <a href="389.html">389</a> education, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a> family planning, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a> 396, <a href="400.html">400</a>-403, <a href="405.html">405</a>-406, <a href="407.html">407</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> family size, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a>, <a href="406.html">406</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> health programs/services, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>, <a href="394.html">394</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a>-406, <a href="408.html">408</a> individual-level analysis, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a> 405, <a href="406.html">406</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a> insurance behavior, <a href="385.html">385</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a>-408 lactation interruption, <a href="385.html">385</a> marriage and marital status, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a>, <a href="403.html">403</a> marital fertility, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>-396 multivariate analysis, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="394.html">394</a>-396 replacement behavior, <a href="385.html">385</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a>-408 sampling, <a href="389.html">389</a>-390, <a href="399.html">399</a>-400 sexual activity, <a href="400.html">400</a> social learning, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>, <a href="403.html">403</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a>-406 socioeconomic status, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>, <a href="394.html">394</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a>, <a href="401.html">401</a>, <a href="403.html">403</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a>

INDEX standard of living, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a> time-series analysis, <a href="391.html">391</a>-395 urban/rural residence, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a> Cost factors, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="342.html">342</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a> AIDS, <a href="144.html">144</a> birth/rearing costs, <a href="10.html">10</a>, <a href="75.html">75</a>-78, <a href="81.html">81</a>, <a href="88.html">88</a>, <a href="89.html">89</a>, <a href="107.html">107</a>, <a href="117.html">117</a>, <a href="149.html">149</a>, <a href="389.html">389</a> contraception, <a href="343.html">343</a> diffusion models, <a href="128.html">128</a> household models, <a href="148.html">148</a>-149, <a href="150.html">150</a> social learning, <a href="117.html">117</a>, <a href="128.html">128</a>, <a href="130.html">130</a> Country studies, see specific countries and regions Cox regression coefficients, <a href="397.html">397</a>-398 Cross-national analyses, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="12.html">12</a>, <a href="27.html">27</a> developing countries, <a href="39.html">39</a>-73 Europe, <a href="182.html">182</a>-226 Cross-sectional analyses, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a> Africa, <a href="255.html">255</a>-260 AIDS, <a href="150.html">150</a>-151 Costa Rica, <a href="394.html">394</a>, <a href="396.html">396</a> Europe, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="189.html">189</a>, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="208.html">208</a>-215 India, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="350.html">350</a>-364 United States, <a href="238.html">238</a>, <a href="247.html">247</a> Cultural factors, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="127.html">127</a>, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="275.html">275</a> breastfeeding, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a> Cameroon, <a href="273.html">273</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a> Costa Rica, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a>-408 fatalism, <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>-261, <a href="299.html">299</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> first born, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="264.html">264</a>-265, <a href="275.html">275</a> India, <a href="26.html">26</a>-27, <a href="347.html">347</a>-348(n.<a href="1.html">1</a>) Middle East, <a href="21.html">21</a> see also Cross-national analyses; Ethnicity; Religion; Social learning Czechoslovakia, <a href="195.html">195</a>-196(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>) D Demographic and Health Surveys, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="21.html">21</a>, <a href="39.html">39</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>-43, <a href="260.html">260</a> Demographic factors, general, viii, <a href="1.html">1</a>-3, <a href="4.html">4</a>- <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="28.html">28</a> AIDS, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>, <a href="165.html">165</a> Costa Rica, <a href="386.html">386</a>-387 developing countries, <a href="25.html">25</a>-27 <a href="415.html">415</a> Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a>-319, <a href="321.html">321</a> see also Age factors; Aggregate analyses; Education and training; Employment and occupational status; Ethnicity; Gender factors; Life expectancy; Literacy level; Marriage and marital status; Socioeconomic status; Urban as rural residence Demographic transition theory, classic, <a href="1.html">1</a>, <a href="6.html">6</a>, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="74.html">74</a>, <a href="112.html">112</a>, <a href="183.html">183</a>-184, <a href="227.html">227</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a>, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="316.html">316</a>, <a href="339.html">339</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a> Europe, <a href="23.html">23</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a> social learning and, <a href="128.html">128</a> United States, <a href="229.html">229</a>-240 Developing countries, general, <a href="1.html">1</a>, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="4.html">4</a>, <a href="5.html">5</a>- <a href="6.html">6</a>,9, <a href="12.html">12</a>,25,<a href="28.html">28</a>,39-<a href="73.html">73</a>,384 age,maternal,<a href="41.html">41</a>,42, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="51.html">51</a> aggregate data, focus of, <a href="316.html">316</a> birth spacing, <a href="6.html">6</a>, <a href="39.html">39</a>-73 contraception and, <a href="40.html">40</a>-41, <a href="47.html">47</a>-48, <a href="69.html">69</a> breastfeeding, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="52.html">52</a>-53, <a href="69.html">69</a> cross-national analysis samples, <a href="42.html">42</a>-43 demographic factors, general, <a href="25.html">25</a>-27 education, national curricula, <a href="129.html">129</a> estimation issues, general, <a href="11.html">11</a> health and family planning programs, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> lactation interruption, <a href="5.html">5</a>-6, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="57.html">57</a>-58, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="72.html">72</a>, <a href="275.html">275</a> menstruation, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="46.html">46</a>-47, <a href="57.html">57</a>-62, <a href="65.html">65</a>, <a href="68.html">68</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a>-72, <a href="105.html">105</a>-106 parity factors, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="317.html">317</a> replacement effects, <a href="5.html">5</a>-6, <a href="24.html">24</a> social learning, <a href="112.html">112</a>- <a href="130.html">130</a> socioeconomic status, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a> see also specific countries and regions Diffusion effects, see Social learning Diffusion models, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="128.html">128</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>-396 Diseases and disorders, <a href="185.html">185</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a> birth spacing and, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a>-263, <a href="276.html">276</a> Costa Rica, <a href="389.html">389</a> school-age morbidity, <a href="10.html">10</a> STDs, other than AIDS, <a href="144.html">144</a> United States, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a> see also AIDS, sub-Saharan Africa Divorce, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a>

416 East Asia, <a href="19.html">19</a> Esee also specific countries Economic factors and models, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="75.html">75</a>-110, <a href="339.html">339</a> AIDS, <a href="144.html">144</a> birth spacing, <a href="262.html">262</a>-263 contraception, <a href="128.html">128</a> diffusion models, <a href="128.html">128</a> East Asia, <a href="19.html">19</a> family planning as health programs, <a href="261.html">261</a>-262 fertility, general, <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="148.html">148</a> India, <a href="342.html">342</a>, <a href="362.html">362</a> Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a> optimization models, <a href="75.html">75</a>-76, <a href="82.html">82</a>, <a href="90.html">90</a>, <a href="96.html">96</a>, <a href="97.html">97</a> Southeast Asia, <a href="19.html">19</a> standard analysis, inadequacy, <a href="7.html">7</a> sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="148.html">148</a>-151, <a href="287.html">287</a> utility maximization models, <a href="76.html">76</a>-77, <a href="80.html">80</a>-88, <a href="114.html">114</a>-115 see also Cost factors; Employment and occupational status; Hazard models; Household data and models; Human capital investment; Insurance behavior; Ethnicity Replacement behavior; Socioeconomic status Education and training AIDS, household model, <a href="174.html">174</a> contraception, <a href="273.html">273</a> Costa Rica, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a> developing countries, national curricula, <a href="129.html">129</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="203.html">203</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a> Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a> Malaysia, <a href="19.html">19</a>-20 mass media, <a href="122.html">122</a>, <a href="129.html">129</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a> mortality risk, perception of, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a> Philippines, <a href="19.html">19</a>-20 replacement behavior and, <a href="105.html">105</a> school-age morbidity, human capital aspects, <a href="10.html">10</a> social as formal learning, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="117.html">117</a>, <a href="124.html">124</a>-125, <a href="128.html">128</a>-129 INDEX temporal order of information, <a href="124.html">124</a>-125 United States, <a href="129.html">129</a> women, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="19.html">19</a>-20, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="51.html">51</a>, <a href="272.html">272</a>- <a href="273.html">273</a>, <a href="279.html">279</a>, <a href="283.html">283</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a>, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a> see also Bayesian learning; Literacy level; Social learning Emigration, see Migration Employment and occupational status Africa, country studies, <a href="273.html">273</a>-274, <a href="283.html">283</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="193.html">193</a>, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="200.html">200</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>-207 England and Wales, <a href="23.html">23</a>, <a href="127.html">127</a>, <a href="196.html">196</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>), <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="200.html">200</a>-203 Estimation issues, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="88.html">88</a>-99, <a href="190.html">190</a>-195, <a href="303.html">303</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>-346 approximate decision rules, <a href="105.html">105</a>-106 birth/death history data, <a href="99.html">99</a>- <a href="103.html">103</a> birth/death totals, <a href="103.html">103</a>- <a href="105.html">105</a> developing countries, general, <a href="11.html">11</a> population-invariant mortality risk, <a href="88.html">88</a>- <a href="95.html">95</a> population-variant mortality risk, <a href="95.html">95</a>-99 structural/non-structural, <a href="90.html">90</a>, <a href="107.html">107</a>-109, <a href="353.html">353</a>, <a href="359.html">359</a> two-stage techniques, <a href="24.html">24</a> see also Hazard models; Reverse causality statistics Africa, <a href="273.html">273</a>, <a href="283.html">283</a> Germany, <a href="203.html">203</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a> Malaysia, <a href="20.html">20</a> Middle East, <a href="21.html">21</a> United States, <a href="229.html">229</a>-231, <a href="232.html">232</a>, <a href="235.html">235</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>- <a href="242.html">242</a>, <a href="244.html">244</a>, <a href="245.html">245</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="195.html">195</a>-215, <a href="227.html">227</a> adult mortality, <a href="192.html">192</a> aggregate analysis, <a href="187.html">187</a>-222 birth spacing, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="192.html">192</a> bivariate analyses, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>, l<a href="95.html">95</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>), <a href="207.html">207</a> breastfeeding, <a href="184.html">184</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> community-level analysis, <a href="187.html">187</a>-215 cross-sectional analysis, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="189.html">189</a>, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="208.html">208</a>-215 demographic transition theory, classic, <a href="23.html">23</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a>

INDEX education, <a href="203.html">203</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a> employment, <a href="193.html">193</a>, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="200.html">200</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>-207 gender factors, <a href="186.html">186</a>, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a> health programs/services, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> insurance behavior, <a href="210.html">210</a>-213 lactation interruption, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="195.html">195</a>, <a href="210.html">210</a>, <a href="212.html">212</a>-213, <a href="214.html">214</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> life expectancy, <a href="201.html">201</a>-203 literacy, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a>-207 marital fertility, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a>-215 migration, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a> multivariate analyses, <a href="186.html">186</a>-187, <a href="195.html">195</a>-207 nutrition, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> religion, <a href="193.html">193</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a> replacement behavior, <a href="210.html">210</a>-213 sampling and samples, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a> social learning, <a href="209.html">209</a> standard of living, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="192.html">192</a> time-series analyses, <a href="188.html">188</a>, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="196.html">196</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>), <a href="215.html">215</a> urban/rural residence, <a href="196.html">196</a>, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="200.html">200</a>, <a href="201.html">201</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>-206, <a href="209.html">209</a> see also specific countries Extended family, impacts of AIDS on, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="149.html">149</a> F Family members, surviving, <a href="82.html">82</a>, <a href="87.html">87</a>, <a href="115.html">115</a>- <a href="117.html">117</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>, <a href="325.html">325</a>-327, <a href="332.html">332</a>, <a href="333.html">333</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a> Family planning, vii, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="331.html">331</a> Costa Rica, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>-396, <a href="400.html">400</a>-403, <a href="405.html">405</a>-406, <a href="407.html">407</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> developing countries, health programs and, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>-262, <a href="405.html">405</a>- <a href="406.html">406</a> East Asia, government role, <a href="19.html">19</a> economic factors, <a href="261.html">261</a>-262 fatalism vs,<a href="5.html">5</a>,7, <a href="260.html">260</a>-261, <a href="299.html">299</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> government role, <a href="19.html">19</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a>, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> health programs vs,<a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>-262,<a href="405.html">405</a>-406 India, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="362.html">362</a> Indonesia, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="318.html">318</a> Latin America, <a href="13.html">13</a> research needs, <a href="29.html">29</a> 417 sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="13.html">13</a> sustainable development and, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="26.html">26</a> see also Abortion; Contraception; Insurance behavior; Replacement behavior Family size, vii, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="317.html">317</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a>, <a href="346.html">346</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> Africa, country studies, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>-144, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="264.html">264</a>, <a href="265.html">265</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a>-300, <a href="322.html">322</a>, <a href="323.html">323</a> AIDS, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>-144, <a href="149.html">149</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a> child death and birth spacing, <a href="45.html">45</a> Costa Rica, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a>, <a href="406.html">406</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> India, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>-364, <a href="366.html">366</a>- <a href="370.html">370</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a>-377 Indonesia, <a href="321.html">321</a>-324, <a href="327.html">327</a>, <a href="330.html">330</a>, <a href="331.html">331</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a> Malaysia, <a href="20.html">20</a> parental attitudes, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="185.html">185</a> replacement behavior, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>-361, <a href="362.html">362</a>-364, <a href="366.html">366</a> United States, <a href="240.html">240</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a> see also Family planning Fatalism, <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>-261, <a href="299.html">299</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> Fertility, general, vii, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="4.html">4</a>, <a href="27.html">27</a> AIDS, sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="142.html">142</a>- <a href="167.html">167</a> country/region studies, <a href="12.html">12</a>-21, <a href="39.html">39</a>-72 developing countries, general, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="4.html">4</a>, <a href="9.html">9</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="195.html">195</a>- <a href="215.html">215</a> Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a>-336 India, <a href="339.html">339</a>-378 infant/child mortality risk and, <a href="74.html">74</a>-110 learning and perception of, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="112.html">112</a>- <a href="134.html">134</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a> marital fertility, Costa Rica, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>-396 Europe, <a href="191.html">191</a>, l<a href="95.html">95</a>(n.<a href="11.html">11</a>), <a href="193.html">193</a>-215 Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a>-13 mortality and, Africa, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="18.html">18</a> Asia, <a href="18.html">18</a>-20 Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a>-13 Middle East, <a href="20.html">20</a>-21 preferences, <a href="8.html">8</a>-9, <a href="133.html">133</a>-134 Prussia, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="187.html">187</a>-195, <a href="202.html">202</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>

418 sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="18.html">18</a> United States, <a href="227.html">227</a>-253 see also Demographic transition theory, classic; Individual fertility, AIDS and; Lactation interruption; Sterility and sterilization; Unintended fertility; Unwanted fertility; specific countries Finland, <a href="196.html">196</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>) Fixed-effects models, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="189.html">189</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="208.html">208</a>, <a href="214.html">214</a>-215, <a href="353.html">353</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>, <a href="359.html">359</a>- <a href="361.html">361</a> Focus groups, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a>, <a href="406.html">406</a> France, <a href="101.html">101</a>-102, <a href="106.html">106</a>, <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a> G Gender factors Africa, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>-42, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="274.html">274</a>, <a href="286.html">286</a> AIDS, HIV prevalence, <a href="140.html">140</a>-141 response to death from, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>-165, <a href="166.html">166</a> children, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>-42, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="274.html">274</a>, <a href="286.html">286</a>, <a href="333.html">333</a>- <a href="334.html">334</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="368.html">368</a>-373 China, sex-selective abortion, lO(n.<a href="4.html">4</a>) Europe, <a href="186.html">186</a>, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a> India, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="362.html">362</a>, <a href="368.html">368</a>-373, <a href="377.html">377</a> Indonesia, <a href="333.html">333</a>-334 Genetic factors, <a href="276.html">276</a> Geographic factors, see specific countries and regions Germany, <a href="23.html">23</a>, <a href="101.html">101</a>, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="187.html">187</a>, <a href="196.html">196</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>), <a href="202.html">202</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>-204, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a>, <a href="211.html">211</a>- <a href="213.html">213</a> ethnicity, <a href="203.html">203</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a> see also Prussia Ghana, <a href="115.html">115</a>-119 Government role, see Public sector role Great Britain, <a href="196.html">196</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>) see also England and Wales INDEX H Haiti, <a href="12.html">12</a> Hausman test, <a href="332.html">332</a>, <a href="334.html">334</a> Hazard models, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="21.html">21</a>, <a href="106.html">106</a> birth spacing, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>-76 (passim), <a href="280.html">280</a>- <a href="285.html">285</a> family life cycle, <a href="303.html">303</a>-310 reduced-form birth process, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="266.html">266</a>- <a href="270.html">270</a>, <a href="280.html">280</a>-310 Health programs and services, <a href="8.html">8</a>, <a href="91.html">91</a>, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="243.html">243</a>, <a href="331.html">331</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> AIDS counseling/testing in Africa, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>-145 Costa Rica, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>, <a href="394.html">394</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a> 406, <a href="408.html">408</a> costs, <a href="262.html">262</a> developing countries, general, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> economic factors, <a href="261.html">261</a>-262 Europe, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> family planning vs. <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>-262, <a href="405.html">405</a> 406 Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a>, <a href="318.html">318</a>, <a href="330.html">330</a>, <a href="331.html">331</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a> Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a> sanitation conditions, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a> social learning, <a href="125.html">125</a>-126, <a href="129.html">129</a> sustainable development and, <a href="2.html">2</a>-3 Historical data and studies, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="92.html">92</a>, <a href="101.html">101</a>- <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="106.html">106</a> Europe, <a href="186.html">186</a>-222, <a href="227.html">227</a> United States, <a href="7.html">7</a>-8, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="129.html">129</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>-253 see also Longitudinal studies; Time- series analyses Hoarding behavior, see Insurance behavior Household data and models, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a> age factors, <a href="150.html">150</a> AIDS, <a href="139.html">139</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="148.html">148</a>-161, <a href="166.html">166</a>, <a href="173.html">173</a>- <a href="177.html">177</a> Human capital investment, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="10.html">10</a>-11, <a href="79.html">79</a>, <a href="185.html">185</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a> AIDS and family size, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>- <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="149.html">149</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a> see also Insurance behavior; Replacement behavior

INDEX I Illiteracy, see Literacy level India, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a>, <a href="26.html">26</a>-27, <a href="339.html">339</a>-381 age factors, <a href="361.html">361</a>, <a href="372.html">372</a>-374 aggregate analysis, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a> birth spacing, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a> cohort analysis, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>-344, <a href="350.html">350</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>-361, <a href="364.html">364</a>-370, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a> contraception, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="341.html">341</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="370.html">370</a>-377 cross-sectional analysis, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="350.html">350</a>-364 cultural factors, <a href="26.html">26</a>-27, <a href="347.html">347</a>-348(n.<a href="1.html">1</a>) family planning, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="362.html">362</a> family size, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>-364, <a href="366.html">366</a>-370, <a href="376.html">376</a>-377 gender factors, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="362.html">362</a>, <a href="368.html">368</a>-373, <a href="377.html">377</a> insurance behavior, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>-381 replacement behavior and, <a href="355.html">355</a>, <a href="367.html">367</a>-368, <a href="377.html">377</a>-378 lactation interruption, <a href="359.html">359</a>, <a href="366.html">366</a>, <a href="373.html">373</a> literacy, <a href="351.html">351</a>-353 parity factors, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a>, <a href="377.html">377</a> first born, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="377.html">377</a> religion, <a href="362.html">362</a> replacement behavior, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>-381 insurance behavior and, <a href="355.html">355</a>, <a href="367.html">367</a> <a href="368.html">368</a>, <a href="377.html">377</a>-378 samples and sampling, <a href="341.html">341</a>, <a href="344.html">344</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a> sterility and sterilization, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="371.html">371</a>, <a href="372.html">372</a>, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a>-377 time-series analyses, <a href="350.html">350</a>-353, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="359.html">359</a>, <a href="361.html">361</a> unwanted fertility, <a href="342.html">342</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="359.html">359</a>, <a href="378.html">378</a> Individual fertility, AIDS and, <a href="138.html">138</a>- <a href="181.html">181</a> see also Insurance behavior; Replacement behavior Individual-level analyses, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="5.html">5</a>-8, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="28.html">28</a>-29, <a href="186.html">186</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a>-255, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="316.html">316</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a> Africa, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a>- <a href="181.html">181</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a>-262, <a href="265.html">265</a>-310 Costa Rica, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a>-405, <a href="406.html">406</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a> India, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="341.html">341</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a>-377 insurance and replacement effects, <a href="5.html">5</a>-6, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="242.html">242</a>-243, <a href="264.html">264</a>-337 mortality risk and fertility behavior, <a href="74.html">74</a>-110 <a href="419.html">419</a> problems with, <a href="11.html">11</a> United States, <a href="240.html">240</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a>-243 Indonesia, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="317.html">317</a>-336 age factors, <a href="320.html">320</a>, <a href="329.html">329</a> birth spacing, <a href="317.html">317</a>, <a href="321.html">321</a>, <a href="323.html">323</a>, <a href="325.html">325</a>, <a href="327.html">327</a> 336 child death, individual, <a href="324.html">324</a>-325, <a href="330.html">330</a> 336 contraception, <a href="318.html">318</a>, <a href="327.html">327</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a> demography, general, <a href="317.html">317</a>-319, <a href="321.html">321</a> education, <a href="317.html">317</a> family planning, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="318.html">318</a> family size, <a href="321.html">321</a>-324,<a href="327.html">327</a>,330, <a href="331.html">331</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a> gender factors, <a href="333.html">333</a>-334 health programs/services. <a href="330.html">330</a>, <a href="331.html">331</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a> lactation interruption, <a href="321.html">321</a>-322, <a href="327.html">327</a> 328, <a href="329.html">329</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a>-336 life expectancy, <a href="318.html">318</a> literacy, <a href="317.html">317</a> multivariate analysis, <a href="330.html">330</a>-334 neonatal mortality, <a href="321.html">321</a> parity factors, <a href="323.html">323</a>-327, <a href="329.html">329</a>-330, <a href="332.html">332</a> 334, <a href="335.html">335</a> first born, <a href="324.html">324</a>-325, <a href="332.html">332</a>, <a href="333.html">333</a>-334, <a href="335.html">335</a> postneonatal mortality, <a href="321.html">321</a> replacement behavior, <a href="327.html">327</a>-330 samples and sampling, <a href="319.html">319</a>-321 socioeconomic status, <a href="317.html">317</a> time-series analysis, <a href="323.html">323</a>-330 Infant mortality, <a href="1.html">1</a>-2, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>-228, <a href="254.html">254</a> AIDS impacts in Africa, <a href="141.html">141</a>-143, <a href="146.html">146</a>- <a href="181.html">181</a> breastfeeding, <a href="195.html">195</a> child mortality vs. <a href="186.html">186</a>- <a href="187.html">187</a> fertility and, Africa, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="39.html">39</a>-74 (passim), <a href="138.html">138</a>- <a href="181.html">181</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a>-315 Asia, <a href="18.html">18</a>-20 Europe, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="186.html">186</a>-215 Indonesia, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="317.html">317</a>-336 Prussia, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="187.html">187</a>-195, <a href="202.html">202</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a>, <a href="211.html">211</a> risk, general, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="74.html">74</a>- <a href="110.html">110</a> learning and perception of, <a href="112.html">112</a>- <a href="134.html">134</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a> ~ <a href="317.html">317</a>, <a href="318.html">318</a>,

420 United States, <a href="228.html">228</a>-253 see also Child mortality, general; Neonatal mortality; Postneonatal mortality; Prenatal mortality Insurance behavior, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="4.html">4</a>-5, <a href="6.html">6</a>, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="28.html">28</a>, <a href="75.html">75</a>, <a href="77.html">77</a>-79, <a href="87.html">87</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="269.html">269</a>, <a href="277.html">277</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a>, <a href="339.html">339</a>-340, <a href="385.html">385</a> adult mortality and, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="79.html">79</a> AIDS and, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="142.html">142</a>-143, <a href="149.html">149</a> contraception and/or replacement behavior, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="243.html">243</a>(n.<a href="3.html">3</a>), <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>, <a href="370.html">370</a>-377, <a href="407.html">407</a> Costa Rica, <a href="385.html">385</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a>-408 Europe, country studies, <a href="210.html">210</a>-213 India, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>-381 replacement behavior and, <a href="355.html">355</a>, <a href="367.html">367</a>-368, <a href="377.html">377</a>-378 micro-level analyses, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="264.html">264</a>- <a href="377.html">377</a> replacement behavior and, <a href="9.html">9</a>-10, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="78.html">78</a>-79, <a href="91.html">91</a>(n.<a href="18.html">18</a>), <a href="108.html">108</a>(n.<a href="28.html">28</a>), <a href="316.html">316</a>-317, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="341.html">341</a>-344 Africa, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>-269 Costa Rica, <a href="408.html">408</a> India, <a href="355.html">355</a>, <a href="367.html">367</a>-368, <a href="377.html">377</a>-378 United States, <a href="244.html">244</a> research needs, <a href="4.html">4</a>-5, <a href="28.html">28</a>-29 social learning, <a href="28.html">28</a>-29 United States, <a href="242.html">242</a>, <a href="244.html">244</a>-247, <a href="250.html">250</a> Italy, <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="202.html">202</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a> K Kenya, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="56.html">56</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a> L Lactation interruption, <a href="2.html">2</a>-6 (passim), <a href="21.html">21</a> 22, <a href="28.html">28</a>, <a href="99.html">99</a>, <a href="101.html">101</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>, <a href="186.html">186</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="243.html">243</a>(n.<a href="3.html">3</a>) Africa, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-272, <a href="275.html">275</a>, <a href="282.html">282</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a>, <a href="301.html">301</a> AIDS and, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> Costa Rica, <a href="385.html">385</a> INDEX developing countries, cross-national studies, <a href="5.html">5</a>-6, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="57.html">57</a>-58, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="72.html">72</a>, <a href="275.html">275</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="195.html">195</a>, <a href="210.html">210</a>, <a href="212.html">212</a>-213, <a href="214.html">214</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> India, <a href="359.html">359</a>, <a href="366.html">366</a>, <a href="373.html">373</a> Indonesia, <a href="321.html">321</a>-322, <a href="327.html">327</a>-328, <a href="329.html">329</a>, <a href="335.html">335</a>-336 Latin America, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a> research recommendations, <a href="4.html">4</a> Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a>-13 child death and birth spacing, <a href="42.html">42</a>-72 (passim), <a href="301.html">301</a> see also specific countries Least-squares estimation, <a href="94.html">94</a>, <a href="189.html">189</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>- <a href="193.html">193</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a>-208, <a href="214.html">214</a>, <a href="244.html">244</a>, <a href="246.html">246</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a>-370 Lesotho, <a href="260.html">260</a> Life-cycle models, <a href="78.html">78</a>-110 hazard model methodology, <a href="303.html">303</a>-310 sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="269.html">269</a>-270, <a href="274.html">274</a>- <a href="275.html">275</a>, <a href="298.html">298</a>-300 Life expectancy, <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="28.html">28</a> Europe, <a href="201.html">201</a>-203 fertility vs. <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="12.html">12</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a>, <a href="82.html">82</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a> Indonesia, <a href="318.html">318</a> Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a> Malaysia, <a href="20.html">20</a> United States, <a href="232.html">232</a>-233, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="235.html">235</a> Literacy level, <a href="5.html">5</a>(n.<a href="2.html">2</a>), <a href="20.html">20</a>(n.<a href="10.html">10</a>), <a href="346.html">346</a> economic models and, <a href="22.html">22</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a>-207 India, <a href="351.html">351</a>-353 Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a> social learning, <a href="112.html">112</a>, <a href="130.html">130</a> Living standard, see Standard of living Longitudinal studies, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="92.html">92</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>-215 Asia, <a href="18.html">18</a>-20 Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a>-13 Middle East, <a href="20.html">20</a>-21 sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="150.html">150</a>-151 AIDS, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="154.html">154</a> United States, <a href="7.html">7</a>-8, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>-253 see also Time-series analyses

INDEX M Macro-analysis, see Aggregate analyses; Longitudinal studies; Time- series analyses Malaysia, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a>, <a href="107.html">107</a>, <a href="109.html">109</a> education, <a href="19.html">19</a>-20 ethnicity, <a href="20.html">20</a> life expectancy, <a href="20.html">20</a> Malthusian theory, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a> Marriage and marital status, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>, <a href="186.html">186</a> age at marriage, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a>, <a href="107.html">107</a>, <a href="108.html">108</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a> AIDS and, <a href="144.html">144</a> Cameroon, <a href="265.html">265</a>-266, <a href="274.html">274</a> Costa Rica, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a>, <a href="403.html">403</a> marital fertility, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>-396 divorce, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a> duration of, <a href="240.html">240</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a> marital fertility, Costa Rica, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>-396 Europe, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a>-215 Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a>-13 remarriage, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a> United States, <a href="240.html">240</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a> Massachusetts, <a href="231.html">231</a>, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="238.html">238</a>, <a href="247.html">247</a>-249 Mass media, <a href="122.html">122</a>, <a href="129.html">129</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a> Medical care, see Health programs and services Memory theory, <a href="121.html">121</a> Menstruation, <a href="105.html">105</a>-106 birth spacing, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="46.html">46</a>-47, <a href="57.html">57</a>-62, <a href="65.html">65</a>, <a href="68.html">68</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a>-72 see also Lactation interruption Mexico, <a href="12.html">12</a>, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a> Micro-level analysis, see Individual-level analyses Middle East, <a href="40.html">40</a>-year trends, <a href="20.html">20</a>-21 see also specific countries Migration, <a href="183.html">183</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a> Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a> sub-Saharan Africa, AIDS, <a href="156.html">156</a> United States, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="238.html">238</a>, <a href="246.html">246</a> Models and modeling diffusion models, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="128.html">128</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>-396 <a href="421.html">421</a> fixed-effects models, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="189.html">189</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="208.html">208</a>, <a href="214.html">214</a>-215, <a href="353.html">353</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>, <a href="359.html">359</a>-361 mortality-fertility, general, <a href="1.html">1</a>-2 optimization models, <a href="75.html">75</a>-76, <a href="82.html">82</a>, <a href="90.html">90</a>, <a href="96.html">96</a>, <a href="97.html">97</a> sequential decision-making models, <a href="76.html">76</a>, <a href="78.html">78</a>-110 static, <a href="74.html">74</a>, <a href="75.html">75</a>-78 target fertility model, <a href="75.html">75</a>-76 utility maximization models, <a href="76.html">76</a>-78, <a href="80.html">80</a>-88, <a href="90.html">90</a>, <a href="108.html">108</a>, <a href="114.html">114</a>-115 see also Economic factors and models; Hazard models; Household data and models; Life-cycle models Mortality, general AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="141.html">141</a>-142, <a href="145.html">145</a>-147, <a href="151.html">151</a>-154 child health programs and, <a href="2.html">2</a>-3 developing countries, cross-national analysis, <a href="39.html">39</a>-73 fertility and, <a href="1.html">1</a>-4, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>, <a href="316.html">316</a> 317; see also Insurance behavior; Replacement behavior historical evidence, <a href="23.html">23</a>-24 Indonesia, <a href="318.html">318</a>, <a href="319.html">319</a>-320 Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a>-13 learning and perception of, <a href="112.html">112</a>- <a href="134.html">134</a> sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="141.html">141</a>-142, <a href="145.html">145</a>-147, <a href="151.html">151</a>-154 United States, historical studies, <a href="7.html">7</a>-8, <a href="232.html">232</a>-234, <a href="242.html">242</a>-243 see also Adult mortality; Child mortality, general; Demographic transition theory, classic; Infant mortality; Life expectancy Multilevel analysis, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a>-386, <a href="399.html">399</a>-405 Multistate duration analysis, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a> Multivariate analysis, <a href="6.html">6</a>, <a href="182.html">182</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>- <a href="186.html">186</a> AIDS, <a href="139.html">139</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>-165 birth spacing, <a href="280.html">280</a>-281, <a href="330.html">330</a>-334 Costa Rica, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="394.html">394</a>-396 Europe, country studies, <a href="186.html">186</a>-187, <a href="195.html">195</a> 207 Indonesia, <a href="330.html">330</a>-334

422 N National trends, see Cross-national analyses; specific countries and regions Neonatal mortality birth spacing and, <a href="48.html">48</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="277.html">277</a>-280 Indonesia, <a href="321.html">321</a> Nepal, <a href="20.html">20</a> Netherlands, l<a href="95.html">95</a>(n.<a href="13.html">13</a>), <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="202.html">202</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a> Nigeria, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a> Nonparametric analysis, <a href="287.html">287</a> replacement behavior, <a href="96.html">96</a>-98, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>, <a href="309.html">309</a> Number of children, see Family size Nuptuality, see Marriage and marital status Nutrition, <a href="275.html">275</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a> AIDS mortality, <a href="147.html">147</a>, <a href="148.html">148</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a> o Occupational status, see Employment and occupational status Optimization models, <a href="75.html">75</a>-76, <a href="82.html">82</a>, <a href="90.html">90</a>, <a href="96.html">96</a>, <a href="97.html">97</a> Orphans, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="149.html">149</a> Ovulation, see Lactation interruption; Menstruation p Pakistan, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a> Parity factors, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>, <a href="51.html">51</a>, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>- <a href="310.html">310</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a>-323, <a href="332.html">332</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a> Africa, sub-Saharan, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>- <a href="265.html">265</a>, <a href="269.html">269</a>-272, <a href="280.html">280</a>-302, <a href="304.html">304</a> birth control and, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="29.html">29</a> developing countries, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="317.html">317</a> first born, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="87.html">87</a>, <a href="88.html">88</a>-89, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="304.html">304</a>, <a href="324.html">324</a>-325, <a href="332.html">332</a>, <a href="333.html">333</a>-334, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="377.html">377</a> Africa, sub-Saharan, <a href="264.html">264</a>-265, <a href="283.html">283</a>, <a href="290.html">290</a>, <a href="298.html">298</a>-302, <a href="304.html">304</a> INDEX India, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="377.html">377</a> Indonesia, <a href="324.html">324</a>-325, <a href="333.html">333</a>-334, <a href="335.html">335</a> India, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a>, <a href="377.html">377</a> Indonesia, <a href="323.html">323</a>-327, <a href="329.html">329</a>-330, <a href="332.html">332</a>-334, <a href="335.html">335</a> replacement behavior, <a href="28.html">28</a>, <a href="100.html">100</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-272, <a href="280.html">280</a>-298 United States, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="240.html">240</a>-242 see also Birth spacing; Birth timing; Family size Philippines, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="19.html">19</a>-20 Political factors, see Public sector role Postneonatal mortality birth spacing and, <a href="48.html">48</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="277.html">277</a>-280 Indonesia, <a href="321.html">321</a> Population growth, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a> country trends, <a href="12.html">12</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a>-17, <a href="238.html">238</a> Population-invariant mortality risk, <a href="88.html">88</a>-96 Portugal, <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a> Postpartum coital abstinence, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="62.html">62</a>-64, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a> AIDS and, <a href="142.html">142</a> Prenatal mortality, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="229.html">229</a> see also Abortion Private sector role, Costa Rica, contraceptives, <a href="387.html">387</a> Prussia, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="182.html">182</a>-183, <a href="186.html">186</a>-195, <a href="202.html">202</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="208.html">208</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a>, <a href="211.html">211</a>-214 Public sector role Costa Rica, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="396.html">396</a> developing countries, general, <a href="25.html">25</a> East Asia, <a href="19.html">19</a> family planning, <a href="19.html">19</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a>, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> Indonesia, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="318.html">318</a> Philippines, <a href="20.html">20</a> sanitation infrastructure, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a> Q Qualitative analysis, <a href="262.html">262</a> focus groups, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a>, <a href="406.html">406</a> United States, diaries, <a href="7.html">7</a>-8

INDEX R Regression analysis, <a href="5.html">5</a> Africa, AIDS, <a href="150.html">150</a>-151, <a href="155.html">155</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>, <a href="173.html">173</a>-177 country studies on replacement behavior, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="266.html">266</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-277, <a href="280.html">280</a>-298 AIDS, fertility/sexual activity, <a href="164.html">164</a>, <a href="173.html">173</a>-177 Costa Rican data on marital fertility. <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="394.html">394</a>-395, <a href="397.html">397</a>-399, <a href="403.html">403</a> European data on marital fertility, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a>-214 family cycle models, <a href="92.html">92</a>-94, <a href="97.html">97</a>, <a href="98.html">98</a>, <a href="102.html">102</a> Indian data on replacement/insurance behavior, <a href="353.html">353</a>-356, <a href="362.html">362</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="371.html">371</a>-376 replacement behavior, <a href="93.html">93</a>-94, <a href="97.html">97</a>-98, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="266.html">266</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-277, <a href="280.html">280</a>-298, <a href="353.html">353</a>-356, <a href="362.html">362</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="371.html">371</a>-376 U.S. data, <a href="240.html">240</a>-242, <a href="243.html">243</a>, <a href="245.html">245</a>, <a href="246.html">246</a> see also Least-squares estimation Religion Africa, sub-Saharan, <a href="273.html">273</a>, <a href="279.html">279</a>, <a href="286.html">286</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a>-300 Europe, <a href="193.html">193</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a>, <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a> India, <a href="362.html">362</a> Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a> Malaysia, <a href="20.html">20</a> Middle East, <a href="21.html">21</a> Philippines, <a href="20.html">20</a> Remarriage, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a> Replacement behavior, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="3.html">3</a>, <a href="4.html">4</a>, <a href="8.html">8</a>-9, <a href="28.html">28</a>, <a href="75.html">75</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>, <a href="185.html">185</a>, <a href="339.html">339</a> Africa, sub-Saharan, <a href="254.html">254</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="266.html">266</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-277, <a href="280.html">280</a>-310 AIDS, <a href="142.html">142</a>-143 age factors, <a href="244.html">244</a> Asia, <a href="301.html">301</a> community-level analysis, <a href="101.html">101</a>, <a href="102.html">102</a> contraception and/or insurance behavior, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="243.html">243</a>(n.<a href="3.html">3</a>), <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>, <a href="370.html">370</a>-377, <a href="407.html">407</a> 423 Costa Rica, <a href="385.html">385</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a>-408 developing countries, general, <a href="5.html">5</a>-6, <a href="24.html">24</a> Europe, country studies, <a href="210.html">210</a>-213 family cycle models, <a href="91.html">91</a>- <a href="110.html">110</a> family size, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a>-361, <a href="362.html">362</a>-364, <a href="366.html">366</a> India, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>-381 Indonesia, <a href="327.html">327</a>-330 insurance behavior and, <a href="9.html">9</a>-10, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="78.html">78</a>-79, <a href="91.html">91</a>, <a href="108.html">108</a>(n.<a href="28.html">28</a>), <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="316.html">316</a>-317, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="341.html">341</a>-344 Africa, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>-269 Costa Rica, <a href="408.html">408</a> India, <a href="355.html">355</a>, <a href="367.html">367</a>-368, <a href="377.html">377</a>-378 United States, <a href="244.html">244</a> Latin America, <a href="301.html">301</a>, <a href="408.html">408</a> micro-level data, <a href="5.html">5</a>-6, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>-23, <a href="242.html">242</a> 243, <a href="264.html">264</a>-337 nonparametric analysis, <a href="96.html">96</a>-98, <a href="102.html">102</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>, <a href="309.html">309</a> parity factors, <a href="28.html">28</a>, <a href="100.html">100</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-272, <a href="280.html">280</a>-298 regression analysis, <a href="93.html">93</a>-94, <a href="97.html">97</a>-98, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="266.html">266</a>, <a href="268.html">268</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-277, <a href="280.html">280</a> 298, <a href="353.html">353</a>-356, <a href="362.html">362</a>, <a href="364.html">364</a>, <a href="371.html">371</a> 376 research needs, <a href="4.html">4</a> reverse causality, <a href="99.html">99</a>, <a href="246.html">246</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a> stochastic processes, <a href="92.html">92</a>-93, <a href="95.html">95</a>, <a href="105.html">105</a> 106, <a href="107.html">107</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a> social learning and, <a href="120.html">120</a> United States, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>-253 Research needs demographic approaches, <a href="8.html">8</a> economic models, <a href="6.html">6</a> Europe, data quality, <a href="207.html">207</a> family planning, <a href="29.html">29</a> insurance behavior, <a href="4.html">4</a>-5, <a href="28.html">28</a>-29 lactation interruption, <a href="4.html">4</a> recent research, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="5.html">5</a>-6 replacement behavior, <a href="4.html">4</a> social learning, <a href="130.html">130</a> transition/confidence effect, <a href="28.html">28</a> see also Statistical studies and methodologies

424 Retrospective data, see Historical data and studies Reverse causality, statistics, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="189.html">189</a>, <a href="194.html">194</a>, <a href="214.html">214</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>-228, <a href="327.html">327</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a> AIDS, <a href="143.html">143</a>, <a href="145.html">145</a>-146, <a href="173.html">173</a>-174 replacement behavior, <a href="99.html">99</a>, <a href="246.html">246</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a> Rural residence, see Urban as rural residence Russia, <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="204.html">204</a> Rwanda, <a href="146.html">146</a> S Sampling and samples, <a href="89.html">89</a>, <a href="109.html">109</a>, <a href="332.html">332</a> AIDS, in Africa, <a href="139.html">139</a>-140, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>-147, <a href="155.html">155</a> household data, <a href="146.html">146</a>-148, <a href="151.html">151</a>-155, <a href="175.html">175</a>-176 Africa, available data sources/studies, <a href="255.html">255</a>-259, <a href="265.html">265</a>-266, <a href="268.html">268</a> Costa Rica, <a href="389.html">389</a>-390, <a href="399.html">399</a>-400 developing countries, cross-national analysis, <a href="42.html">42</a>-43 European data, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a> India, <a href="341.html">341</a>, <a href="344.html">344</a>, <a href="355.html">355</a> individuals' perceptions, bias toward extremes, <a href="122.html">122</a>-123 size and probability, <a href="125.html">125</a> Indonesia, <a href="319.html">319</a>-321 social learning, <a href="119.html">119</a>, <a href="122.html">122</a> statistical portraits and, <a href="122.html">122</a> United States, <a href="240.html">240</a> vital statistics, <a href="231.html">231</a>-232, <a href="234.html">234</a>-235, <a href="246.html">246</a> see also Demographic and Health Surveys; Micro-level analysis; Stochastic processes S. anitation infrastructure, <a href="192.html">192</a>, <a href="193.html">193</a> Senegal, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="18.html">18</a> Sequential decision-making models, <a href="76.html">76</a>, <a href="78.html">78</a>- <a href="110.html">110</a> Sex differences, see Gender factors Sexual activity, <a href="46.html">46</a> AIDS and, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="161.html">161</a>, <a href="164.html">164</a>-165, <a href="166.html">166</a> child death and birth spacing, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="46.html">46</a>, <a href="62.html">62</a>-68 INDEX Costa Rica, <a href="400.html">400</a> postpartum abstinence, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="47.html">47</a>, <a href="62.html">62</a>- <a href="64.html">64</a>, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a> see also Coital frequency Sexually transmitted diseases AIDS, relation to other, <a href="144.html">144</a> Simultaneous equation bias, <a href="28.html">28</a> Singapore, l<a href="9.html">9</a>(n.<a href="8.html">8</a>) Social learning, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="92.html">92</a>, <a href="99.html">99</a>, <a href="112.html">112</a>- <a href="134.html">134</a>, <a href="301.html">301</a> - <a href="302.html">302</a> child death, individual, <a href="117.html">117</a> contraception, <a href="128.html">128</a> Costa Rica, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>, <a href="403.html">403</a>, <a href="405.html">405</a>-406 defined, <a href="114.html">114</a> diffusion models, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="128.html">128</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>-396 Europe, country studies, <a href="209.html">209</a> health programs/services, <a href="125.html">125</a>-126, <a href="129.html">129</a> insurance effect, <a href="28.html">28</a>-29 literacy and, <a href="112.html">112</a>, <a href="130.html">130</a> negative events, bias toward, <a href="122.html">122</a>-124 "null" event, child survival as, <a href="121.html">121</a> order of information received, <a href="124.html">124</a>-125 social network size, <a href="119.html">119</a> Societal-level effects, see Aggregate analyses; Demographic factors, general Socioeconomic status, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>, <a href="190.html">190</a>, <a href="215.html">215</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a> Bangladesh, <a href="20.html">20</a> Costa Rica, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="391.html">391</a>, <a href="394.html">394</a>, <a href="395.html">395</a>, <a href="399.html">399</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a>, <a href="401.html">401</a>, <a href="403.html">403</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a> developing countries, general, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a> East Asia, <a href="19.html">19</a> Indonesia, <a href="317.html">317</a> Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a>-13 mortality risk, perception of, <a href="113.html">113</a> Philippines, <a href="20.html">20</a> Southeast Asia, <a href="19.html">19</a> see also Standard of living South Korea, <a href="19.html">19</a> Spain, <a href="200.html">200</a>, <a href="205.html">205</a> Sri Lanka, <a href="14.html">14</a>, <a href="16.html">16</a>, <a href="20.html">20</a> Standard of living Costa Rica, <a href="389.html">389</a>, <a href="407.html">407</a> Europe, <a href="183.html">183</a>, <a href="192.html">192</a>

INDEX Latin America, <a href="12.html">12</a> Middle East, <a href="21.html">21</a> Statistical studies and methodologies, see Estimation issues; Sampling and samples; specific methodologies Sterility and sterilization, <a href="9.html">9</a>, <a href="29.html">29</a>, <a href="106.html">106</a>, <a href="277.html">277</a> AIDS and, <a href="144.html">144</a> India, <a href="27.html">27</a>, <a href="340.html">340</a>, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="371.html">371</a>, <a href="372.html">372</a>, <a href="373.html">373</a>, <a href="376.html">376</a>-377 postpartum, <a href="69.html">69</a>, <a href="212.html">212</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a>, <a href="277.html">277</a>; see also Lactation interruption Stillbirths, see Prenatal mortality Stochastic processes, <a href="269.html">269</a>, <a href="304.html">304</a>, <a href="305.html">305</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a> replacement behavior, <a href="92.html">92</a>-93, <a href="95.html">95</a>, <a href="105.html">105</a>- <a href="106.html">106</a>, <a href="107.html">107</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a> Structural estimation, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="90.html">90</a>, <a href="96.html">96</a>, <a href="97.html">97</a>, <a href="107.html">107</a>- <a href="108.html">108</a> Sub-Saharan Africa, <a href="255.html">255</a> adult mortality, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="141.html">141</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>- <a href="147.html">147</a>, <a href="149.html">149</a>-151, <a href="154.html">154</a>, <a href="156.html">156</a>-161, <a href="164.html">164</a> 166, <a href="174.html">174</a> age factors, family life cycles, <a href="269.html">269</a>-270, <a href="274.html">274</a> 275, <a href="298.html">298</a>-300 maternal, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="270.html">270</a>, <a href="279.html">279</a>-280, <a href="287.html">287</a>, <a href="304.html">304</a>, <a href="305.html">305</a> birth timing, <a href="269.html">269</a>-270, <a href="280.html">280</a>-298, <a href="303.html">303</a> child death, individual, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a>, <a href="276.html">276</a> 277, <a href="300.html">300</a> ethnicity, <a href="273.html">273</a>, <a href="283.html">283</a> lactation interruption, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="142.html">142</a>, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>, <a href="271.html">271</a>-272, <a href="275.html">275</a>, <a href="282.html">282</a>, <a href="299.html">299</a>, <a href="301.html">301</a> parity factors, <a href="255.html">255</a>, <a href="261.html">261</a>, <a href="263.html">263</a>-265, <a href="269.html">269</a> 272, <a href="280.html">280</a>-302, <a href="304.html">304</a> trends, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="25.html">25</a>, <a href="138.html">138</a> see also AIDS, sub-Saharan Africa; specific countries Sweden, <a href="200.html">200</a>, <a href="202.html">202</a>, <a href="205.html">205</a>, <a href="207.html">207</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a>, <a href="308.html">308</a> T Taiwan, <a href="19.html">19</a> Tanzania, <a href="18.html">18</a>, <a href="139.html">139</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a>-181 <a href="425.html">425</a> Target fertility model, <a href="75.html">75</a>, <a href="77.html">77</a> Thailand, <a href="15.html">15</a>, <a href="17.html">17</a>, <a href="19.html">19</a> Time-series analyses, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="184.html">184</a>, <a href="254.html">254</a> Costa Rica, <a href="391.html">391</a>-395 Europe, country studies, <a href="188.html">188</a>, <a href="191.html">191</a>, <a href="196.html">196</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>), <a href="215.html">215</a> India, <a href="350.html">350</a>-353, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="359.html">359</a>, <a href="361.html">361</a> Indonesia, <a href="323.html">323</a>-330 United States, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="247.html">247</a> U Uganda, <a href="145.html">145</a> Uncertainty, decision-making, <a href="6.html">6</a>, <a href="11.html">11</a>, <a href="22.html">22</a>, <a href="76.html">76</a>, <a href="77.html">77</a>, <a href="78.html">78</a>-79, <a href="263.html">263</a> bias toward negative events, <a href="122.html">122</a>-124 cultural factors, <a href="127.html">127</a> fatalism, <a href="5.html">5</a>, <a href="7.html">7</a>, <a href="260.html">260</a>-261, <a href="299.html">299</a>, <a href="322.html">322</a>, <a href="384.html">384</a> social learning and, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="115.html">115</a>, <a href="117.html">117</a>-120, <a href="128.html">128</a> see also Insurance behavior; Replacement behavior United National Population Division, <a href="6.html">6</a> United States anthropometric data, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="235.html">235</a> baby boom, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="238.html">238</a> birth spacing, <a href="40.html">40</a>, <a href="43.html">43</a>, <a href="46.html">46</a>, <a href="62.html">62</a>-68 cross-sectional analysis, <a href="238.html">238</a>, <a href="247.html">247</a> education, <a href="129.html">129</a> ethnicity, <a href="229.html">229</a>-231, <a href="232.html">232</a>, <a href="235.html">235</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>-242, <a href="244.html">244</a>, <a href="245.html">245</a> family size, <a href="240.html">240</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a> insurance and replacement effects, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>-253 life expectancy, <a href="232.html">232</a>-233, <a href="234.html">234</a>, <a href="235.html">235</a> longitudinal studies, <a href="7.html">7</a>-8, <a href="24.html">24</a>, <a href="227.html">227</a>-253 marriage and marital status, <a href="240.html">240</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a> maternal age, <a href="228.html">228</a>, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="230.html">230</a>, <a href="241.html">241</a>, <a href="242.html">242</a>, <a href="244.html">244</a> migration effects, <a href="229.html">229</a>, <a href="238.html">238</a>, <a href="246.html">246</a> parity factors, <a href="240.html">240</a>-242 samples and sampling, <a href="240.html">240</a> vital statistics, <a href="231.html">231</a>-232, <a href="234.html">234</a>-235, <a href="246.html">246</a>

426 Unwanted fertility, <a href="8.html">8</a>-9, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="42.html">42</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a>, <a href="345.html">345</a> 346 AIDS and, <a href="144.html">144</a>, <a href="165.html">165</a> India, <a href="342.html">342</a>, <a href="343.html">343</a>, <a href="356.html">356</a>, <a href="359.html">359</a>, <a href="378.html">378</a> Urban as rural residence, <a href="26.html">26</a>, <a href="41.html">41</a>, <a href="45.html">45</a> AIDS, <a href="138.html">138</a>, <a href="139.html">139</a>-142, <a href="145.html">145</a>, <a href="146.html">146</a> Bangladesh, <a href="20.html">20</a> Costa Rica, <a href="386.html">386</a>, <a href="387.html">387</a>, <a href="400.html">400</a> Europe, <a href="196.html">196</a>, <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="198.html">198</a>, <a href="200.html">200</a>, <a href="201.html">201</a>, <a href="203.html">203</a>- <a href="206.html">206</a>, <a href="209.html">209</a> Middle East, <a href="20.html">20</a>-21 Nigeria, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="143.html">143</a> social learning, <a href="113.html">113</a>, <a href="125.html">125</a>- <a href="126.html">126</a> United States, <a href="238.html">238</a>, <a href="244.html">244</a>, <a href="245.html">245</a>, <a href="246.html">246</a> Utility maximization models, <a href="76.html">76</a>-78, <a href="80.html">80</a> 88, <a href="90.html">90</a>, <a href="108.html">108</a>, <a href="114.html">114</a>-115 INDEX W Wales, <a href="196.html">196</a>(n.<a href="14.html">14</a>), <a href="197.html">197</a>, <a href="200.html">200</a>-203 World Fertility Surveys, <a href="2.html">2</a>, <a href="6.html">6</a>(n.<a href="3.html">3</a>), <a href="260.html">260</a>, <a href="321.html">321</a>, <a href="385.html">385</a> z Zaire, <a href="145.html">145</a> Zimbabwe, <a href="13.html">13</a>, <a href="262.html">262</a>, <a href="264.html">264</a>

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The last 35 years or so have witnessed a dramatic shift in the demography of many developing countries. Before 1960, there were substantial improvements in life expectancy, but fertility declines were very rare. Few people used modern contraceptives, and couples had large families. Since 1960, however, fertility rates have fallen in virtually every major geographic region of the world, for almost all political, social, and economic groups. What factors are responsible for the sharp decline in fertility? What role do child survival programs or family programs play in fertility declines? Casual observation suggests that a decline in infant and child mortality is the most important cause, but there is surprisingly little hard evidence for this conclusion. The papers in this volume explore the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of the fertility-mortality relationship. It includes several detailed case studies based on contemporary data from developing countries and on historical data from Europe and the United States.

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