Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings (2006) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 32-42
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From page 32... ...
used for the pedestrian crossing evaluations are listed in Table 15. Also, the research team collected data on site conditions at existing crossing treatment locations, which were used to help explain the variation in MOE results for similar treatments at different locations.
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Motorist compliance Percent of motorists yielding or stopping for pedestrians Number of cars that stopped for (or yielded to) the staged pedestrian divided by the number of cars that should have stopped Table 15.
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A video recording was made of the crossing to permit review and data reduction after the actual crossing event occurred. It was necessary to observe actual pedestrian behavior (rather than simply using staged pedestrians)
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Staged pedestrians were used in the belief that consistent presentation of a pedestrian intent to cross was critical for comparing motorist compliance results from different locations or areas of the country; in other words, pedestrian positioning, stance, and aggressiveness affect a motorist's decision to stop or yield at a pedestrian crossing. For example, motorists are less likely to stop or yield when pedestrians stand several feet behind the curb line (e.g., the pedestrian may appear as though they are waiting instead of intending to cross)
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. Where no curb was present, the staged pedestrian stood within 1 ft (0.3 m)
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In the data reduction process, it was possible to review these events numerous times to consistently interpret and record needed information about pedestrian crossing events. The video recording of pedestrian activities primarily used one of TTI's two camera trailers, which can raise a camera 30 ft (9 m)
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Observation Data Collection Approach Despite the advantages of video data collection, the use of only video data would have had some significant drawbacks. First, the amount of time necessary to pull all pedestrian and motorist characteristics from the video for each crossing would be immense.
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The downloaded data was already formatted and ready for integration with the data collected from the video, which further improved the efficiency of the reduction process. Both video data and observation data were post-processed manually to determine pedestrian volumes, pedestrian gap acceptance levels, pedestrian delay threshold levels, and behavior as pedestrians wait for an adequately sized gap.
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site characteristics were recorded by hand on a pre-printed data sheet and supplemented by a hand-drawn sketch of the geometric configuration of the site. The sketch contained key geometric dimensions of the study site, which were recorded by hand measurements, as shown in Figure 19.
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Summary The research used observational studies of motorist and pedestrian behavior to evaluate the effectiveness of pedestrian crossing treatments at 42 sites in seven states. Several measures of effectiveness were used as surrogates for safety performance, because the timing and duration of the study did not 41 A)
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permit the collection of before-and-after pedestrian crash data at several promising study sites. Several criteria were used to select the study sites, chief among them: presence of a marked crosswalk, pedestrian activity, proximity to transit stops, and high-volume, high-speed streets.
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