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From page 115... ... 115 HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 7.1 Introduction The primary goal of FAA-funded SIPs is to reduce the adverse impacts of airport-related noise that negatively affect so-called sensitive receptor building types such as residences, schools, churches, and others, as described in Chapter 2 of these guidelines. A core strategy of acoustical treatments is to seal noise paths into the habitable portions of the affected buildings and provide mechanical systems to accommodate the comfort and health of the occupants. Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... 116 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs subcontractors, manufacturers of building products and materials, facility managers, building owners, occupants, and inspection officials. The International Code Council (ICC) Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 117 design, and the terms are often redefined as the standards evolve. The term air changes per hour (ACH) Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... 118 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs unless otherwise stated in the local codes. Additionally, there is often a multiyear delay between ASHRAE publication and local adoption. Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 119 Table 7.1, taken from ASHRAE 62.2-2010, states the ventilation rates for some typical dwelling sizes and is by no means exhaustive or correct in every instance. Full examination of the ASHRAE standards is required to set up specific projects; they include 136-1993, 119-1988, 55-2010, and 62.2-2010. Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... 120 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs PGL 12-09 stipulates that plans and specifications must "conform to the local building code."5 Local building codes vary considerably depending on location. For a program that has a national scope and is trying to achieve some measure of consistency in treatments, it is not unusual to adopt standards higher than those set at the local level. Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 121 radon, molds and allergens, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... 122 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs 7.3.2 Testing for Indoor Environmental Quality A SIP Blower-Door Testing A thoughtfully planned SIP can address indoor air quality concerns for sponsors and building owners. Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 123 7.3.3 Indoor Air Pollution Indoor air pollution is created by building materials, furnishings, wall and floor coverings, and occupants. Buildings generate pollutants from plastics and synthetic fabrics that off-gas VOCs, combustion appliances that are poorly adjusted or vented, plumbing and building envelope leaks that lead to mold growth, or dust from multiple sources, including ones that may contain asbestos or lead. Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... 124 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs According to research done by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories at the University of California, most housing stock in the United States is relatively leaky.8 (Leaky, by loose definition, is where infiltration exceeds the current ASHRAE Standard 119 for a particular class of home or geographical area.) When existing test homes were upgraded, intending to meet the standards for new construction homes, the homes were still leaky. Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 125 7.4 Evaluating Existing Residential Systems 7.4.1 Standard Types of Residential HVAC Systems HVAC systems are as complex and varied as the homes and buildings they service and the geographical locations in which they are built. Buildings can be heated by straight electric strip heaters like baseboard heaters, radiant heat coils embedded in floors or ceilings, or strips in an air handling system. Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... 126 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs distributions systems will be adequate. This typically means, at a minimum, equipment replacement, and at a maximum, a complete reengineering of the building's HVAC system. Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 127 culated within the conditioned space; therefore, outside ventilation air must be introduced by another means. These systems are used by SIPs where it is impractical to use existing ductwork or install new ductwork. Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... 128 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs The new climate zones are entirely set by county boundaries and are accepted and adopted by many other standards and organizations, including: • ASHRAE 90.1, • ASHRAE 90.2, • ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings, • Building America (modified) , and • Energy Star. Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 129 engineers, designers, energy consultants, builders, enforcement agencies, contractors, installers, and manufacturers. The document sets standards for residential and nonresidential buildings and is written as both a reference and an instructional guide for anyone who is directly or indirectly involved in the construction of buildings. Read the entire page →
From page 130... ... 130 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs unit and cannot meet current standards. Standard systems today have forced-draft combustion (a small blower in the exhaust system to motivate combustion gases to exit, preventing stagnation that steals efficiency) Read the entire page →
From page 131... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 131 method for residential systems and load calculations: Manual J (The latest update is version 8.) Read the entire page →
From page 132... ... 132 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs also be necessary. These should include the placement of supply and return registers. Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 133 The big issue with oversized systems is that the air temperature changes quickly without much humidity condensing on the evaporator coil before the system cycles off. The result is a space where the temperature drops but the humidity rises above the comfort level. Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... 134 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs B Full Central Heat and Air (Split Systems) Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 135 attic space available for installing air distribution ductwork. In instances where no attic space is available, ductwork can be installed on the roof; however, care should be given to properly seal all points where ducts penetrate into the interior space. Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... 136 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs form an air path. Return air systems can be all of the previously mentioned materials or flexible duct. Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 137 The third edition of ANSI/ACCA Manual D uses Manual J (ANSI/ACCA, Eighth Edition) for heating and cooling loads and to determine space air delivery requirements for low-rise, residential-use buildings. Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... 138 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs 7.6 Developing Program Policies There is no one-size-fits-all approach to designing mechanical systems. It is important when establishing policies for SIP HVAC systems to answer these questions: • What are the standard types of mechanical systems in the buildings to be treated? Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 139 7.6.2 Establishment of Policies A Air Quality Programs need to examine several air quality and environmental issues when establishing policies. Read the entire page →
From page 140... ... 140 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs C Moisture Control Abating existing excess moisture/leaks in buildings is generally outside the scope of SIPs. Read the entire page →
From page 141... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 141 the standard are aimed at reducing total building energy. The method for achieving the standard involves higher efficiency equipment, appliances, and materials for all buildings, including existing dwelling units and new additions. Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... 142 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs C Dedicated Outside Air Systems – Demand-Controlled Ventilation Dedicated outside air systems (DOAS) Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 143 dominated climates, it is important to dry out incoming ventilation air to prevent mildew or mold from occurring in the ductwork. However, keep in mind that ERVs are not dehumidifiers; their moisture control capabilities are limited. Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... 144 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs 7.8 Additional Design Considerations 7.8.1 Code Deficiencies A Mechanical Typical mechanical code deficiencies involve the following: • Inadequate spacing between outdoor air intakes and combustion vents; • Lack of outdoor air (ventilation) Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 145 7.8.2 Electrical Upgrades The addition of HVAC to certain buildings may trigger an upgrade to the existing electrical system installed in the building. Electric meters or combination meter/load centers may need to be replaced with new ones. Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... 146 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs the restrictions of that neighborhood must be determined. Consultation can be in the form of compliance with the written agreements of the association or through cooperation with the compliance body. Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 147 B Flood Zones Flood restrictions on equipment locations exist in coastal plains and low-lying areas of the country. Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... 148 Guidelines for Airport Sound Insulation Programs standard for commercial ventilation in most districts, but local officials need to be consulted before any design considerations are put to paper. Necessarily, the mechanical issues for effective installation of residential systems and their proper protection against infiltration, contamination, and other issues are true for commercial systems. Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 149 items all on one skid ready to install. If heating and cooling are part of the package, the units can usually be designed to fit together or even be factory-attached. Read the entire page →

From page 115...

... 115 HVAC and Ventilation Strategies 7.1 Introduction The primary goal of FAA-funded SIPs is to reduce the adverse impacts of airport-related noise that negatively affect so-called sensitive receptor building types such as residences, schools, churches, and others, as described in Chapter 2 of these guidelines. A core strategy of acoustical treatments is to seal noise paths into the habitable portions of the affected buildings and provide mechanical systems to accommodate the comfort and health of the occupants.