Comparison of Passenger Rail Energy Consumption with Competing Modes (2015) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 157-158
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157 A P P E N D I X D Highway Grade Profiles and Congestion Distributions Highway gradient and traffic congestion can both have a significant effect on the energy consumption of auto/LDV and bus modes. Therefore, MMPASSIM provides the user with the ability to characterize the gradient and congestion distributions and analyze their effects on modal comparisons.
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From page 158... ...
158 Comparison of Passenger Rail Energy Consumption with Competing Modes Highway Congestion Characterization Highway congestion in urban areas can have an impact on door-to-door energy intensity of automobile and bus trips, depending on the severity and length of the congested highway segments. Therefore, the highway segments of each case study were analyzed to characterize the typical severity of congestion in the urban areas of each case.
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