Traffic Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 160-176
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From page 160... ...
160 This chapter describes treatments that might be applied in connection with multistage crossings and have not been described in previous chapters: C H A P T E R 1 0 Techniques for Multistage Crossings Primary Function Section Treatment Name Provide convenient and accessible crossings 10.1 Multistage Crossings Reduce pedestrian delay using left-turn overlaps 10.2 Left-Turn Overlap for Pedestrian HalfCrossings Provide safe crossings for bicycles at multistage crossings 10.3 Single-Pass Bicycle Crossings with Two-Stage Pedestrian Crossings Multistage Crossings (Section 10.1) addresses general themes related to pedestrian crossings, including pedestrian signalization options, accessibility considerations, and the critical importance of pedestrian progression in mitigating pedestrian delay at multistage crossings.
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From page 161... ...
Techniques for Multistage Crossings 161 • Reservice (Section 7.2)
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From page 162... ...
162 Traffic Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists one partial crossing to the next are given to pedestrians. An example of this is overlapping pedestrian phases with left-turn phases that are not in conflict with one another (see Section 10.2)
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From page 163... ...
Techniques for Multistage Crossings 163 An intersection where pedestrians have a strong desire line for a diagonal crossing but have to make it by following two square crossings can be considered a two-stage pedestrian crossing. Techniques for multistage crossings can therefore be applied to serve such desire lines, just as they are applied to two-stage left turns for bicycles (see Section 9.3)
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From page 164... ...
164 Traffic Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists computational engine for measuring pedestrian delay at multistage crossings has also been developed (Ryus et al., in press) , which will be included in an update of the HCM that was in publication at the time of writing.
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From page 165... ...
Techniques for Multistage Crossings 165 Delay reductions and safety improvements gained by facilitating short signal cycles. At a midblock crossing with a wide median, replacing a single long crossing with a pair of short partial crossings can lead to a short cycle length.
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166 Traf c Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists When multistage crossings are used, the signal timing can create a situation where the secondstage crossing receives a Walk indication prior to the rst-stage crossing. To avoid having pedestrians who are waiting for the rst-stage crossing mistakenly think they can start their crossing when the second-stage Walk is displayed, it is important to consider the placement of the two sets of pedestrian signal heads relative to the pedestrians' line of sight.
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From page 167... ...
Techniques for Multistage Crossings 167 10.2.1.3 Variations Not applicable for this treatment. 10.2.1.4 Operating Context Pedestrian overlaps with left-turn phases might be appropriate anywhere with multistage crossings and exclusive left-turn phases.
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From page 168... ...
168 Traf c Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists 10.2.3 Considerations 10.2.3.1 Accessibility Considerations Not applicable for this treatment. 10.2.3.2 Guidance Not applicable for this treatment.
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From page 169... ...
Techniques for Multistage Crossings 169 can only be set to give the Walk interval a xed length; however, with most controller so ware, the desired outcome can be achieved with custom programming. 10.2.4.2 Phasing and Timing Dierent phasing sequences -- leading le s, laggings le s, and a combination of the two -- have dierent progression implications for pedestrian crossings that use le -turn overlaps.
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170 Traf c Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists the crossing; similarly, southbound pedestrians can do the same with Crossings C and D However, pedestrians making movements A–B and D–C cannot make a single-pass crossing; their route involves waiting at the median island.
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Techniques for Multistage Crossings 171 Bibliography Danish Road Directorate.
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From page 172... ...
172 Traffic Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists 10.3.1.3 Variations Not applicable for this treatment. 10.3.1.4 Operating Context This treatment is appropriate wherever pedestrians have a two-stage crossing and the crossing island is not large enough to serve as a bicycle queuing area.
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From page 173... ...
Techniques for Multistage Crossings 173 Bicycles are about 6 long, but for a bicyclist to stop safely, the island depth should be longer in order to provide bicyclists with a short stopping zone and to provide a small o set between the bike and travel lanes. e AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities (2012)
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From page 174... ...
174 Traffic Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists 10.3.4.4 Geometric Elements To serve as a bicycle refuge, a crossing island should be deep enough for a bicycle to stop and still leave an offset to travel lanes (the AASHTO bike guide recommends that a crossing island be at least 10 ft deep)
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From page 175... ...
Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012)
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From page 176... ...
Traffic Signal Control Strategies for Pedestrians and Bicyclists Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED ISBN 978-0-309-09431-3 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 0 9 4 3 1 3 9 0 0 0 0
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