Using the Economic Value Created by Transportation to Fund Transportation (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 35-86
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From page 35... ...
35 Chapter three presents case examples to demonstrate various aspects in the planning, design, and implementation dimensions of the various VC mechanisms, including the legal basis allowing for the adoption of each of the mechanisms within that context. To provide greater clarity on the context, background, and implementation of the example practices, this chapter delivers narrative descriptions of the project context complemented by information compiled from interviews and discussions, and collected and compiled from the review.
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36 Example/Facility Mechanism Scale/State, Local Highway Massachusetts Turnpike -- Boston's Copley Place AR and JD Site/Interstate 90 Virginia's I-495 and Fairfax Parkway Proffer Mechanisms. NEs Site/Interstate, local WMATA -- McPherson Square Station Area JD Site/Transit Kansas City of Olathe Transportation Development District STD, TDD Site/Local Eagle Road/Fairview Avenue Improvements Other -- STARR Site/Local Missouri, Transportation Development Districts STD, TDD Project/State US 63 Expansion Project, Missouri TCs, sales taxes Project/State Hwy 36 Expansion Project, Missouri -- TDD TCs, STD Project/State US-67 Expansion Project, Missouri TCs, STD Project/State State Route 28, Virginia (Corridor)
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37 the Prudential Center in Boston and Star Market in Newton in 1963. Some others that preceded the Copley development and close to the I-90/I-93 interchange in the Back Bay area include the Hancock Garage, completed in 1976.
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38 change area and ARs) signed a memorandum of understanding with the UIDC (developer)
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39 mixed-use project. (Long-term lease is a JD mechanism.)
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40 VC Mechanisms Joint development (transit JD) and air space utilization of parcel-specific developments of McPherson Square Station, Bethesda, Maryland, and other excess land owned by WMATA are considered.
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41 Census. Conditional zoning is applicable only for projects such as turn lanes, reconstruction, and widening turn lanes (Grimes et al.
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42 new Metrorail station. Fairfax County also has many other examples of this mechanism applied elsewhere.
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43 • Phase 3 will be a third lane southbound on Eagle Road. Ada County is unique in that most local road construction is within ACHD's jurisdiction, rather than under the direct control of individual cities.
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44 Applicable Mode(s) The applicable modes are highway-related improvements with project-specific agreements similar in framework to NEs.
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45 transportation projects, In this case, a transportation sales tax was used with the following parameters: • In any increment of 0.10% or 0.25% not to exceed a maximum of 1% additional local sales tax within the district. • A maximum duration of 22 years.
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46 highway between Macon, Missouri, and Monroe City, Missouri, by September 30, 2010. East of the Monroe City exit, US-36 is a four-lane highway to US-61, where I-72 takes over the alignment.
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47 FIGURE 14 U.S. Hwy 36 Monroe, Shelby, Marion, and Ralls County Segment (D3, top)
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48 total projected revenue for the year 2013 was $2+ million, not including an investment income of approximately $130,000. Projected costs were $41,330 (mostly legal)
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49 to have the highway built. These people included board members of US-63 (some of whom were interviewed for this report)
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50 Equity Considerations: No equity aspects were specifically noted because the process was approved by voters. Timing and Collection of Revenues: The corporation had a feasibility study based on forecast analysis of sales tax revenues conducted and provided guidance to the city as needed.
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51 Missouri Transportation Corporation -- US-67 Corridor Expansion, Missouri Facility Name The facility discussed in this section is the US-67 corridor expansion in Missouri. VC Mechanism The mechanism adopted in this project context is a TC (Hwy 67 Transportation Corporation)
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52 • The landowners provided through sales taxes $60 million or 50% of the project cost. • The Delta Regional Authority provided $5 million grant funding applied to corporation obligations (Hwy 67 Project Agreement)
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53 • http://www.morail.org/southeast/Route67Improvements SouthofPoplarBluff.htm. • http://www.semissourian.com/story/1757353.html.
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54 local petition. The other main partners, including the Phase 2 P3 parties, include: • Virginia DOT (initiator based on support of the district act and local governments and landowner petition)
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55 ments in this SR-28 project, taking advantage of the law passed by the governor. Loudoun County, in partnership with Fairfax County, formed the Route 28 Highway Transportation Improvement District on December 21, 1987, the first TID in the Commonwealth.
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FIGURE 19 Virginia SR-28 TID Loudoun County boundary. (Source: Loudoun County Geographic Information System Office.)
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57 the district project and creating a schedule of financing by the transportation board and the authority for Phase 2's six grade-separated interchanges for SR-28. The plan called for funding these interchanges through the issuance of bonds by the authority in an amount sufficient to provide funding for approximately $90 million of the costs of the district project (the initial authority bonds)
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58 • A similar rail-related TID has been established to finance rail in the parts of the same corridor (Dulles Rail TID) and is being discussed elsewhere.
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59 2004, SPIMD joined with the Southeast Business Partnership and representatives from each of the corridor governments in formation of the Southeast Urban Corridor Transportation Steering Committee. In alignment with this group, SPIMD helped to fund numerous projects to ease and better the completion of the Transportation Expansion Project, specifically funding $7.5 million to ensure the construction of additional pedestrian overpasses at three new light rail stations.
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60 • South Portal, Phase 1 • Moody/Bond Street Improvement: Gibbs to Sheridan (east leg of couplet) • South Light Rail • SW Kelly Way/Hood Avenue ramp improvement (South Portland circulation)
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61 Timing and Collection of Revenues: The revenues are onetime assessments. They are collected on an ongoing basis when permits are issued in the construction area.
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62 who contributes land, improvements, or other assets receives a credit for qualified public improvements that reduces the amount of SDC due. Uses of TSDC Revenue: SDC revenue can be used for the capital cost of public facilities.
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63 Administrative Feasibility: Initial levels of investment in management and transactions costs associated with administration of TSDCs are high. Applicable Modes (Multiple)
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64 FIGURE 23 North Macadam overlay or area of TSDC charges. (Source: City of Portland, http://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/386066.)
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65 state dollars, as well as American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds.
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66 notes that contiguity needs to be maintained for zones. When individual units/entities exist within the boundaries that may break the boundaries owing to exempt status or other privilege, they are included in the boundary but excluded from payments.
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67 Lessons Learned Some of the important lessons reported by interviewees include: • The TRZs include substantial acreage with undeveloped land in comparison to traditional TIF. Because land development is speculative, the CRRMA chose not to issue debt but instead took a loan.
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68 Legal Authority The Transportation Development District Act of 1989 P.L.1989, c.100 (C.27:1C-1 et seq.) provides for the assessment of fees for off-tract transportation improvements.
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69 FIGURE 26 Mercer County, New Jersey Transportation Development Districts. (Source: Mercer County Planning Department, personal communication.)
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70 DISTRICT OR AREAWIDE MECHANISMS (PROGRAMMATIC APPROACHES) Michael A
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71 budgets. A TID is a special district -- a unit of government organized for a geographic area to find innovative and alternative funding for improving the existing transportation system.
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72 • The project uses bond authority of a TID. Ohio TIDs are tax exempt and can issue tax-exempt highway improvement bonds to finance projects.
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73 cal year 2014, $3.5 million is available to TIDs on a competitive basis. To be eligible for funding, a TID has to register annually with Ohio DOT.
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74 design, right-of-way acquisition, construction, or other eligible project costs under certain circumstances. TID funds cannot be used for administrative costs.
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75 Local Partnerships The local partners are • City of Bellingham (initiator) and • Buyers.
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76 Implementation Considerations The implementation considerations include: Boundaries: TUFs are areawide and involve the entire city. Levy Basis: Residential users are charged a flat fee, whereas commercial users are charged based on trip generation rates in Corvallis.
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77 Websites Relevant websites include: • http://www.apwa-wa.org/forums/OregonCities2007 TUFReport.pdf, • http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/toolkit/m1/ftools/fd/ tuf.shtml, • http://www.corvallisoregon.gov (Corvallis) , and • http://www.mdt.mt.gov/research/toolkit/m1/casestudies/ bozeman_cip_mt.shtml (Bozeman)
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78 • Discouraging land being left vacant or unused. • Encouraging vertical and high-rise development.
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79 Chapter 39.89 RCW be expended as provided under Chapter 39.89 RCW. Revenue Performance: See Figure 30 for visual representation of revenue performance since 2002.
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80 projects recommended in the long-range transportation plan are considered for inclusion in the CIP. Bozeman lists its 5-year funding priorities for capital projects in the CIP, which is updated annually.
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81 service must be met through other funding means. Fees are typically assessed by local governments according to a formula in Montana.
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82 OTHER AREAWIDE OR REGIONAL EXAMPLES (PROJECT AND PROGRAMMATIC APPROACHES) Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning's ‘GO TO 2040' Initiative Facility Name The facility discussed in this section is the Elgin O'Hare West Bypass Project -- Central Thruway/Route 120, Illinois.
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83 SSA portions using flat and graduated tax rates. The service areas used in this study are shown in Figure 33.
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84 transportation tax of a maximum of $0.125 per $100 assessed value on commercial and industrial properties will be used to fund regional transit programs, a complete street investment program, and a share of a future streetcar system. This tax was authorized in Virginia by the Virginia General Assembly in 2007 and is applicable not only to Arlington County but also for all counties and cities that are part of Northern Virginia Transportation Authority and the Hampton Roads Metropolitan Planning Area (Code of Virginia 2007)
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85 of " voluntary agreements" under RCW 82.02.020, and as mitigation for impacts under the State Environmental Policy Act (Ch.
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86 The sales tax will be abolished by the constitution when debt service is paid off (no later than 2023)
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