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From page 4...
... 4Background and Objectives 1.1 Background The FHWA guidance for evaluating scour at bridges (FHWA, 1991b) recommends that every bridge over a waterway should be evaluated as to its vulnerability to scour and refers to Hydraulic Engineering Circular (HEC)
From page 5...
... Background and Objectives 5 disk (the bedrock abrasion mill; Sklar and Dietrich, 2001)

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