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From page 5... ... 5Overview of Wider Transportation Benefits Defining the Concept of Wider Benefits What are wider benefits? Traditionally, benefit–cost analyses for transportation projects in North America have focused on measurement of transportation system efficiency, represented in terms of direct effects on travel time, vehicle operating cost, and collision incident cost -- collectively referred to as traveler or "user" benefits. Read the entire page →
From page 6... ... 6area from which a business can reasonably expect to draw customers and workers. These effects are often represented as changes in the effective size or the effective density of the customer market and labor market available to the firm. Read the entire page →
From page 7... ... 7Figure 2.3 shows how intermodal connectivity can expand and can open up new markets. In this case, it shows how frequent air shuttle enables markets outside of the Boston area to be readily accessible for same-day trips to and from Boston. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... 8gains that depended on expanding market access, and that helped justify the new bridge. application of Wider Transportation Impact Measures Calculation of Wider Transportation Impacts While the above-cited processes explain how wider economic benefits occur, it is also necessary to establish that these processes are capturing effects not already incorporated in the traditional measures of travel time and vehicle operating cost. Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... 9delivery market access to destinations -- both focusing on changes that would not be captured by the valuation of time and cost savings for existing trips (based on value of time for car, bus, and truck drivers and their passengers) Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 literature of empirical research on this subject, which is discussed later in this chapter. Table 2.2 shows the classes of wider transportation effects covered in this report and the most common breakdown of trip purposes. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... 11 Once the various positive and negative factors have been assigned rating scores, they are entered into a project scorecard table along with ratings for other factors that matter for prioritizing projects, such as travel system efficiency and environmental and community impacts. Table 2.4 shows examples of rating factors related to wider transportation impacts that are already being used by four states for project ranking and selection. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... 12 the regional economic impact models count changes in business travel cost as reductions in the cost of production, while changes in household costs are considered shifts in household budget or spending patterns. Third, it counts business attraction and inward investment effects on economic growth, including effects of cost competitiveness changes that lead to spatial and business sector shifts in trade flows, investment flows, and prices. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... 13 Table 2.5. Accounting Table: Difference in Benefit Factors Covered by BCA and EIA Benefit or Impact Element BCA EIA Transportation System Efficiency Benefit Full Societal Benefit Econ Development Benefita $ Value of Travel Time Savings (driver + passengers) Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... 14 The reliability spreadsheet tool calculates the value of reliability improvement based on the following assumptions: (1) for passenger travel, it assumes a $19.86/hour average value of time multiplied by a 0.8 reliability ratio, and (2) Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... 15 above-cited three scale factors. The third is the product of the first two; it reflects the magnitude of aggregate truck pickup and delivery time savings, scaled by the importance of the intermodal terminal. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 16 other broader impacts that are also important considerations in decision-making. Also, it does not include indirect and secondary effects on the economy. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... 17 3. To enter data, at the bottom of the worksheet, click the tab labeled 3–FORMS. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 18 Total Annual Weekday Delay (veh hrs) Recurring delay 27151 Incident delay 70197 Total equivalent delay 139160 Total equivalent delay (passenger) Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... 19 NO BUILD BUILD 2002 2035 ZONES EFFECTIVE DENSITY EFFECTIVE DENSITY TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY($) 1009 8970 14133 $29,483,575 1033 5980 9417 $82,572,197 1043 8153 12021 $82,440,420 1057 6137 10818 $20,758,304 1059 5835 9947 $40,412,607 1073 14666 19520 $1,182,070,836 1075 5079 8748 $18,278,858 TOTAL 54820 84604 $1,456,016,797 EFFECTIVE DENSITY/ POTENTIAL ACCESS 'SCORES' Figure 2.9. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 20 Benefit Element No Build Scenario Build Scenario Diff Multiplier Value % Diff Elasticity Value Vehicle Hours 152,885 140,546 12,339 $12.00 Vehicle Miles 2,658,120 2,658,120 0 $0.64 Safety: Crash reduction (crashes) 7.1 6.2 0.9 $3,285 Benefit for Induced Trips (trips) Read the entire page →

From page 5...

... 5Overview of Wider Transportation Benefits Defining the Concept of Wider Benefits What are wider benefits? Traditionally, benefit–cost analyses for transportation projects in North America have focused on measurement of transportation system efficiency, represented in terms of direct effects on travel time, vehicle operating cost, and collision incident cost -- collectively referred to as traveler or "user" benefits.