Evaluation and Mitigation of Aircraft Slide Evacuation Injuries (2008) / Chapter Skim
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53 A P P E N D I X F Study on Emergency Evacuation Challenges on Large Transport Aircraft
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54 Executive Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate emergency evacuations challenges from large transport aircraft. The world's largest commercial aircraft, the Airbus A380, is considered as a very large transport aircraft (VLTA)
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55 Background 1. Large Aircraft The Boeing 747, which has been in use since 1970, features a partial upper deck, but does not contain as many passengers as the A380 will on the upper deck.
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56 2. Emergency Evacuation Inflatable Slides As dictated by Code of Federal Regulations (14CFR & 25.810)
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57 a. Airbus A380 Slide Characteristics Figure 2 shows the evacuation slides of the Airbus A380.
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58 presented at the International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference in Atlantic City in 2001. He developed a model to analyze how factors such as slide design, visibility and passenger safety instruction would influence an individual's performance and observed the reactions to different situations.
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59 3 . Figure 4: Unit normal and unit tangent vectors at point (x,y)
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60 These unit directional vectors can be written as: j ds dy i ds dx T ˆ ˆ (unit tangent) j ds dx i ds dy N ˆ ˆ (unit normal)
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61 Then, using the relation: dt ds v or v dsdt , we obtain that: ds vd ds dv v vds dv dt dv )
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62 Then, by applying Euler-Lagrange equation: 0) '( FyFy dx d , we obtain a second order differential equation.
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63 theorem, the x component has then a maximum value of 5 .
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64 results are the coefficient of friction and initial velocity of an individual at the top of an evacuation slide. Figure 6 shows an optimal shape of the A380 upper and lower deck slides as well as of a B747 upper decks slide.
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65 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Time (seconds)
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66 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Time (seconds)
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67 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Time (seconds)
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68 One event occurred on August 19, 2005 in Agana, Guam. A Boeing 747-200 landed with its nose gear retracted and an emergency evacuation was initiated.
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69 Figure 10: Slide emergency evacuation of a Boeing 747-438 (Sydney, Australia, The most serious injury occurred to one woman while she was on an over wing slide at the time it deflated. She got a fractured vertebra that required surgery as she landed heavily on the tarmac.
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70 2. Airbus A380 Certification As mentioned, any new aircraft to enter service must pass the certification test.
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71 Figure 11: Airbus A380 Certification Test (Source: http://www.airporttech.tc.faa.gov/safety/patterson1.asp) Importance, Relevance, and Potential Impact of the Study Safety standards have been maintained throughout the years in order to provide safe and efficient passenger evacuations.
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72 A number of factors affect the safe evacuation of passengers. As mentioned, passenger's reactions and decisions will have an effect on the overall process.
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73 lift and therefore improved fuel economy. Passenger's flights on blended wing aircraft will be able to carry 800 passengers in a double-deck cabin.
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74 Eelman, S., Schmitt, D., Becker, A., Granzeier, W., "Future Requirements and Concepts for Cabins of Blended Wing Body Configurations – A scenario approach". Journal of Air Transportation, Vol.
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75 Wallace, James, "Aerospace Notebook: This is only a test with 850 passengers", 2 February 2005, http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/210321_air02.html Appendix A- Airbus A380 Slides Lengths and Angles Source: A380 Cabin Evacuation System (Jean-Michel GOVAERE, A380 Chief Airworthiness Engineer, AIRBUS SAS) Appendix B - Matlab Code % Maryline Rassi, 07/31/2007 clear all; close all; clc; % 1.
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77 plot(y,v) xlabel('y [m]
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