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From page 83... ... 83 9.1 Introduction: Case Study Approach Case studies were prepared for six airports that have designed and implemented compensatory wetland mitigation projects. The selected airports are in different FAA regions and vary in size, geographic settings, local weather conditions, types of wetland mitigation projects, and levels of airline service. Read the entire page →
From page 84... ... 84 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 9.2 Case Study #1: Cecil Airport -- Master Plan Development and Mitigation In support of planned development for the new Cecil Airport and Cecil Commerce Center, the City prepared a master plan for the former military property. Field studies identified impacts to more than 500 acres of jurisdictional wetlands, one-third of which occurred within airport boundaries. Read the entire page →
From page 85... ... Case Studies 85 9.2.1.2 Airport Facility Location and Design The locations of many necessary aviation facilities, such as lighting and other navigational aids, are fixed by function. The FAA provides strict guidance on the location of navigational aids and other facilities based on their relation to runways, approach and departure surfaces, and other facilities in AC 150/5300-13A, Airport Design. Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... 86 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports Figure 9-1. Corridor and creation areas. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... Case Studies 87 • Provides opportunities for passive, natural resource-based public recreation and forestry management that can be integrated with the adjacent Cary and Jennings State Forests; • Contributes to a larger natural wildlife area that extends southward from I-10 and provides a link to the Jennings State Forest, Brannan Field Mitigation Park, and Camp Blanding; and • Provides an opportunity for limited revenue to the airport through sound forestry management by the Division of Forestry, including the harvest of upland forest products under a long-term plan that includes provisions for stand rotation and wetland buffers. The total on-site mitigation plan comprises approximately 5,900 acres, including: • 1,922 acres of wetland preservation, • 3,861 acres of upland preservation, and • 100 acres of on-site wetland creation. Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 88 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports Figure 9-3. Wetland mitigation site 1 year after planting. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... Case Studies 89 The JAA specifically coordinated with the SJRWMD, USACE, and the FAA to develop mutually acceptable conservation easement language. The first FAA-approved conservation easement was recorded in early 2009, and subsequent easements have been approved and recorded. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... 90 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 9.3 Case Study #2: La Crosse Regional Airport -- Taxiway F Relocation Project The relocation of this taxiway resulted in impacts to wetlands and a fishery, both located within a National Wildlife Refuge. As a result, the unique challenges for mitigation included an extensive search to identify and ultimately select two sites (one for each impact) Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... Case Studies 91 • Wetland mitigation must occur within 2.5 miles of the Mississippi River to compensate for lost wetland functions within the Mississippi River corridor of the Central Flyway; • USFWS policy is that wetland mitigation could not occur within the confines of the refuge, which occupies 240,000 acres over 260 miles of the Upper Mississippi River and adjacent floodplains; and • The mitigation plan must include restoration of an equivalent area of fishery habitat lost to the project (approximately 6 acres) Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... 92 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 12 feet of modern silty alluvium over a pre-settlement hydric soil. Investigations showed that a carefully designed excavation within the deepwater table of the silty alluvium would yield a groundwater-sustained hydrology because of the hydrologic regime sustained by the adjacent cold-water creek. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... Case Studies 93 Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) flood model of Sugar Creek to demonstrate to the village the effect on the 100-year floodplain if no mitigation was done as well as to design a return-flow pipe to the creek. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 94 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports maintain a supply of oxygenated water from the river. The 404 permitting team, which consists of the WDNR, the USFWS, and the USACE, considered alleviation of this problem an acceptable form of fishery mitigation and the consultant team studied various alternatives. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... Case Studies 95 • Preservation of the restored wetlands and approximately 12 acres of adjacent forested buffer by incorporation into the Sugar Creek Bluff State Natural Area; and • Restoration of 19 acres of over-wintering Mississippi River fishery habitat in Pettibone Park via construction of a pumped-water supply system for supplying oxygenated water during the ice-on season. 9.3.3 Involved Agencies and Other Stakeholders • FAA (Great Lakes Region) Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports • City of La Crosse • MVC 9.3.4 Project Outcome The project outcomes were entirely successful for two main reasons: first, because of the cooperative stewardship relationship fostered between the agencies, the consultant, and MVC on the wetland restoration; and second, because of the cooperative scientific analysis contributed by WDNR fisheries on the design and operation of the Pettibone fishery mitigation project. Creative and proactive project administration by the FAA, WisDOT BOA, and the City of La Crosse throughout the project also contributed significantly to project success. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... Case Studies 97 airport covers approximately 1,200 acres and is located in the FAA New England Region. MHT has four commercial airlines as well as two cargo carriers and approximately 65 based aircraft. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 98 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports would fail to achieve a no-net-loss of wetlands and for several of the parcels, the cost prohibited acquisition. The construction of wetland mitigation sites pursuant to permitting needs generated by previous development projects at MHT and major highway improvements to Interstate Route 93 limited the availability of feasible options for wetland restoration or creation within the same watershed and in reasonable proximity to the runway project. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... Case Studies 99 upland. The preservation portion of the mitigation package is just south of a previously protected 16-acre parcel of land. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 100 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 9.4.4 Project Outcome One of the challenges encountered during mitigation site design and construction involved existing runoff to the site. The diversion of the existing runoff to a closed drainage system as part of the NH Route 28 relocation meant less runoff reached the site. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... Case Studies 101 9.5 Case Study #4: Nut Tree Airport Obstruction Removal -- Agency Collaboration to Support Project-Level Mitigation and Regional Riparian Restoration (2013 to 2016) The State of California Department of Transportation's Division of Aeronautics required Solano County, owner and operator of the Nut Tree Airport, to remove approximately 23 acres of primarily non-native eucalyptus groves adjacent to jurisdictional waters or face operational restrictions up to and including temporary closure. Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... 102 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports Since 2013, Solano County has completed two obstruction removal projects: • West Side Obstruction Removal, which addressed trees and obstructions adjacent to Horse Creek (2013) ; and • East Side Obstruction Removal, which addressed trees and obstructions adjacent to Pine Tree Creek (2016) Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... Case Studies 103 Horse Creek is considered a jurisdictional water of the U.S. The proposed project was not expected to cause permanent impacts to jurisdictional wetlands or waters of the U.S.; however, it would temporarily disturb the bed and banks of North Horse Creek and 680 linear feet of stream bed. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... 104 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports On-site mitigation was not possible based on the airport's small size and the need to prevent the creation of new habitat for hazardous wildlife. Few vacant riparian parcels were available for purchase in Solano County to accommodate off-site mitigation. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... Case Studies 105 the County entered into an agreement with the Solano County Water Agency in 2016 and paid a one-time lump sum of $90,000 to support the planting of 1,500 trees adjacent to Putah Creek. As with the previous project, SCWA would undertake all planting and follow-up activities. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... 106 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 17 acres of riverine wetlands and sloped wetlands/ephemeral stream channels, 0.9 acre of depressional wetlands, and 8,460 feet of airport creek. After extensive stakeholder coordination, the selected mitigation strategy provided for a conservation easement on land that was located far enough from the airport to meet FAA separation criteria for the prevention of wildlife attractants, while remaining within the same watershed as the anticipated impacts. Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... Case Studies 107 from the State of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDF&W) Read the entire page →
From page 108... ... 108 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports after site grading. The installation placed root wads in six locations along the river's edge and placed habitat boulders in six other locations along the river. Read the entire page →
From page 109... ... Case Studies 109 was installed to support watering during the plant establishment period. The project included control of the yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Read the entire page →
From page 110... ... 110 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 9.6.6 Source(s) of Funding • FAA -- 91.5% • Pullman-Moscow Regional Airport (Co-Sponsored by City of Pullman and City of Moscow) Read the entire page →
From page 111... ... Case Studies 111 9.7.1 Wetland Impacts and Permitting In 1988, as part of the initial phase of airport construction, DIA requested USACE authorization to impact approximately 15 acres of jurisdictional wetlands. Natural Sciences Associates, Inc. Read the entire page →
From page 112... ... 112 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 9.7.2.1 Water Requirement Water retention for the creation of the Upper Pond site was obtained through the pumping of the Moffitt well, which was the primary source of water for the initial wetland creation that was unsuccessful. Analyses of the aquatic needs of the Upper Pond site revealed that between the seepage rate and the amount of water that the well could effectively pump into the wetland system, creating a wetland of sufficient size was not obtainable. Read the entire page →
From page 113... ... Case Studies 113 Figure 9-20. Lake adjacent to Barr Lake. Read the entire page →
From page 114... ... 114 Wetland Mitigation, Volume 2: A Guidebook for Airports 9.7.3 Involved Agencies and Other Stakeholders • FAA (Northwest Mountain Region) • City and County of Denver, Department of Aviation/DIA • USACE • Colorado Parks and Wildlife • City and County of Denver, Department of Parks and Recreation • Denver Water • Pollard Property Figure 9-23. Read the entire page →
From page 115... ... Case Studies 115 9.7.4 Project Outcome DIA was successful in the mitigation plan, creating 15.21 acres of wetlands, representing 1.11 acres more than what was required to mitigate impacts on airport property. The wetlands were all determined to have at least 85 percent of wetland plant species cover with sustainable water income, requiring no further maintenance. Read the entire page →

From page 83...

... 83 9.1 Introduction: Case Study Approach Case studies were prepared for six airports that have designed and implemented compensatory wetland mitigation projects. The selected airports are in different FAA regions and vary in size, geographic settings, local weather conditions, types of wetland mitigation projects, and levels of airline service.