Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures for Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Concern regarding reproductive and developmental hazards in the workplace, including military facilities, has increased significantly in recent years. In 1997, Congress passed a law, as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, concerning health care coverage for children with medical conditions caused by parental exposure to hazardous materials while serving as members of the Armed Services (Public Law 104-201, Section 704~.
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In this report, the subcommittee recommends an approach to assess potential reproductive and developmental toxicity from exposures to substances encountered in workplaces operated by the United States Navy. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The subcomm~ttee's major conclusions and recommendations, organized in response to each of its tasks, are presented below.
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Considerable scientific judgment is needed to interpret data and make informed decisions about the adequacy of available data sets for estimating the potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of specific substances under specific conditions of exposure. Moore, J.A., G.P.
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to conclude that there is no adverse effect. To be characterized as sufficient, the database must include information on the full range of potential adverse male and female reproductive effects and developmental effects, and the actual range of conditions of exposure must be known in sufficient detail to determine whether the dose, duration,
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Finally, the concluding step of the evaluative process is the integration of toxicity and exposure information to characterize the risk of potential reproductive and developmental toxicity. This step involves combining information from the review of animal and human reproductive and developmental toxicity data with information from the review of general toxicity, pharmacokinetic, and exposure data.
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Each evaluation should conclude with a summary of the risk posed by a substance. The summary can consist of background information on the chemical and toxicological parameters of the agent; human exposure information; a summary of the male and female reproductive toxicity data and the developmental toxicity data; a list of the quantitative values derived from the data; a description of the default assumptions and UFs used in the process; the data needs to reduce uncertainty; and a reference section.
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The risk can also be minimized by substituting an agent that is known not to be associated with substantial reproductive or developmental toxicity or by limiting the potentially absorbed dose by the use of respirators, gloves, and protective clothing. Application of the Evaluative Process To demonstrate how the subcomm~ttee's recommended evaluative process can be applied to specific agents, the subcommittee evaluated two compounds of interest to the Navy: jet propulsion fuel ~ (IP-~)
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, and how useful that source is in identifying exposures that pose a risk of reproductive and developmental toxicity in humans. Sources specific to reproductive and developmental toxicity include detailed evaluations on specific agents (e.g., the California Environmental Protection Agency Hazard identification Documents on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity)
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Fill data gaps that would reduce uncertainties in data sets and, thereby, eliminate or reduce the need for default uncertainty factors. Conduct toxicity studies on chemical mixtures.
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In ~ 997, Congress passed a law, as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, concerning health care coverage for children with medical conditions caused by parental exposure to hazardous materials while serving as members of the Armed Services (Public Law ~ 04-201, Section 704~. The law states, in part, that a plan would be clevelopecl for ensuring the provision of medical care to any natural child of a member of the Armed Forces who has a congenital defect or catastrophic illness, proven to a reasonable degree of scientific certainly on the basis of scientific research to have resulted from exposure of the member to a chemical warfare agent or other hazardous material to which the member was exposed during active military service.
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