Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes
Pages 29-43
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From page 29... ...
The development of DRIs expands on the periodic reports, Recommended Dietary Allowances, which have been published since 1941 by the National Acaclemy of Sciences and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes of Canada. This comprehensive effort is being undertaken by the Stancling Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes of the Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Acaclemies, with the active involvement of Health Canada.
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From page 30... ...
Qualified medical and nutrition personnel must tailor recommendations for inclivicluals who are known to have diseases that greatly increase nutritional requirements or who are at risk for developing adverse effects associateci with higher intakes. Although the RDA or AI may serve as the basis for such guidance, qualified personnel should make necessary adaptations for specific situations CATEGORIES OF DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Each type of Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
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From page 31... ...
Estimated Average Requirements The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the ciaily intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement, as clefineci by the specifieci indicator or criterion of acloquacy, in half of the apparently healthy individuals in a life stage or gender group (see Figure 1-1~.
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From page 32... ...
Method for Setting the RDA when Nutrient Requirements Are Norma;~;ly Distributed If the requirement for the nutrient is normally clistributeci, and the stanciarci deviation (SD) of the EAR is available, the RDA is clefineci as equal to the EAR plus 2 SDs of the EAR: RDA = EAR + 2 SDEAR.
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From page 33... ...
Monte Carlo approaches may be used in the simulation of the distribution of components; or, where large ciata sets exist for similar populations (such as growth rates in infants) , estimates of relative variability
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From page 34... ...
In the judgment of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, the AI for children and adults is expected to meet or exceed the amount neecleci to maintain a clefineci nutritional state or criterion of acloquacy in essentially all members of a specific healthy population. Examples of clefineci nutritional states include normal growth, maintenance of normal circulating nutrient values, or other aspects of nutritional well-being or general health.
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From page 35... ...
Also, the RDA is usually calculated from the EAR by using a formula that takes into account the expected variation in the requirement for the nutrient (see previous section, "Estimated Average Requirement". To;lerab;le Upper Intake Reveal The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
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From page 36... ...
With the acquisition of additional data relating intake to chronic disease or disability, the choice of the criterion for setting the EAR may change. PARAMETERS FOR DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Life Stage Groups The life stage groups described below were chosen by keeping in mind all the nutrients to be reviewed, not only those included in
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From page 37... ...
Specific Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIB) to meet the needs of formula-fed infants are not proposed in this report.
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From page 38... ...
One problem encountered in trying to derive intake data in infants was the lack of available data on total nutrient intake from a combination of human milk and solici foocis in the second 6 months of life. Most intake survey ciata do not identify the milk source, but the published values indicate that cow milk and cow milk formula were most likely consumed.
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From page 39... ...
For many nutrients, a reasonable amount of ciata is available on nutrient intake and various criteria for acloquacy (such as nutrient balance measured in young children ages ~ through 7 years) that can be used as the basis for the EARs and AIs for this life stage group.
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From page 40... ...
Pregnant and Lactation Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation may be subclivicleci because of the many physiological changes and changes in nutrient neecis that occur cluring these life stages. In setting EARs and AIs for these life stages, however, consideration is given to adaptations to increased nutrient clemanci, such as increased absorption and greater conservation of many nutrients.
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From page 41... ...
The most recent nationally representative ciata available for Canaclians (from the 1970-1972 Nutrition Canada Survey tDemirjian, 19801~ were reviewoci. In general, meclian heights of children from TABLE 1-1 Reference Heights and Weights for Children and Adults in the United Statesa Median Body Reference Reference Mass Index Height, Weightb Gender Age (kg/m2)
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From page 42... ...
SUMMARY Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIB) is a generic term for a set of nutrient reference values that includes the Estimated Average Requirement, Recommencleci Dietary Allowance, Acloquate Intake, and Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
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From page 43... ...
IOM 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment.
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