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From page 137... ... 137 Index A Accidental injuries, 131, 132 Cambodians, 113 Kosovars, 92 North Koreans, 74 Afghanistan, 38-41 Africa, 6 ECOMOG, 47 see also Angola; Burundi; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Liberia; Mozambique; Rwanda; Sierra Leone; Somalia; Sudan; Uganda; Zaire Age factors, 2, 12, 14-20, 30, 34, 132 Afghans, 40 Bosnia, 14 Cambodians, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109-111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121-126, 127 camp populations, general, 14, 15-17 crude mortality rates, 30, 39, 63 gender factors and, 16, 17-20, 30, 45, 62, 63, 114, 121-123, 124-126, 127, 132 Kosovars, 89, 95-97, 99 North Koreans, 18, 73, 74, 79, 84 Rwandans, 15-16, 55, 61, 62, 63 see also Children; Elderly persons; Life expectancy Aid, see Humanitarian interventions Albania, Kosovars in, see Kosovo Alliance des Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Congo-Zaire (AFDL) , 53, 57, 59 Angola, 5, 10, 25 Asia, see Afghanistan; Cambodia; China; Iran; Iraq; North Korea; Pakistan; Soviet Union, dissolution of; Thailand; Vietnam B Balkans, 22, 25 see also Bosnia; Kosovo; Macedonia Bangladesh, 5, 9, 13 Baseline mortality defined, 4 Kosovars, 90, 99 Birth rate, see Fertility Bosnia, 10, 24, 25, 26, 39, 41-43 age factors, 14 crude mortality rates, 41 executions, 41 forensics, 41-42 gender factors, 41 mass graves, 41-42 medical interventions, 42-43 urban areas, 41, 42-43 Burundi, 53 Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... 138 INDEX C Cambodia, x, 5, 11, 25, 33, 34, 102-129 age and gender factors, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109-111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121-126, 127 camp populations, 106, 119 children, 104, 117, 122, 124-125 elderly persons, 104 executions, 104, 105, 108, 116, 117, 118, 125, 127 families and households, 106-108, 123, 125 famine, 104, 117, 118, 119, 124 fertility, 106, 109, 111, 119-120, 121, 124 gender factors, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109-111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121-126, 127 geographic factors, 112, 119 landmines, 116, 127 medical interventions, 104, 116 retrospective mortality surveys, 107, 108, 109 sampling, 107-108 sanitation, 104 surveillance systems, 105; see also "retrospective mortality surveys" supra transportation and travel factors, 104 urban areas, 104 vital statistics, 106, 111, 117-118 war, 102, 103-106, 107, 116, 123-124, 127 Camp populations, 4, 8-9, 31-32, 54 Afghans, 38-39, 40 age factors, 14, 15-17 Cambodians, 106, 119 Kosovars, 90, 91-92, 97-98, 132 Rwandans, 46, 52-68 Sierra Leone, 47-48, 49 stages of crisis, 11 Case studies, x, 2, 33-34 Afghans, 38-41 Albanians Kosovars, 33-34 Bosnians, 39, 41-43 Cambodians, 34, 102-129 Kosovars, 33, 86-101 North Koreans in China, 34, 43-45, 69-85 Rwandans in Zaire, 33, 39, 45-47, 52-68 Sierra Leone, 39, 47-49 Census data, Cambodian crisis, 106-107 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention crude death rate, 7 Kosovo, 88 Children, 4, 14, 15, 16, 30 Afghan, 39, 40, 41 Cambodian, 104, 117, 122, 124-125 crude death rate, 7-8(n.3) crude mortality rate, 7-8(n.3) Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... INDEX 139 forced migration, x war-related deaths, 131 Diarrhea, 39, 41, 48, 55, 57, 58 see also Cholera Disasters, see Earthquakes; Famine; Floods; Natural disasters; War and armed conflicts Diseases and disorders, 13-14 Afghans, 38, 40-41 Bosnians, 40-42, 132 Cambodians, 117, 127 cholera, 47, 55, 57, 58, 61 chronic, general, 7(n.3) , 24, 25, 42, 95, 96, 97, 132 combatant mortality from disease, 5 communicable, general, 4, 5, 13-14, 24, 38, 40-41, 42, 47, 55, 67, 89, 95, 96, 97, 127, 132 dehydration, 47 diarrhea, 39, 41, 48, 55, 57, 58 disabilities, 24 Kosovars, 89, 95, 132 malaria, 13, 20-21, 41, 61 malnutrition, 4, 7(n.3) Read the entire page →
From page 140... ... 140 INDEX Famine, x, 12, 130 Cambodians, 104, 117, 118, 119, 124 North Koreans, 43-45, 70, 77, 81-83 see also Food and nutrition; Malnutrition Females, see Gender factors Fertility, 2, 35 Cambodians, 106, 109, 111, 119-120, 121, 124 North Koreans, 71, 75, 82, 83 see also Reproductive health Floods, 47, 69-70 Food and nutrition, 8-9, 13, 20 aid, 31, 43, 58, 70, 77, 78, 79, 84 Cambodians, 104, 117, 118, 119, 124 family reports of deaths and aid entitlements, 31 feeding center registers, 66 gender factors, 81-83 insecurity, 2, 31, 38, 40, 45, 82; see "malnutrition" infra Kosovars, 132 malnutrition, 4, 7(n.3) , 13, 14, 24, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 61, 74, 81-83, 117, 132; see also Famine North Koreans, 34, 43, 44, 45, 70, 72, 74, 77, 78-79, 81-84 Rwandans, 58, 66 see also Famine; World Food Program Forced migration, definitional issues, x, 1, 3-5 Forces Armées Rwandaises, 47 Forensics, Bosnia, 41-42 Funding, 7, 27 FYROM, see Macedonia G Gender factors, 2, 12, 30, 34, 132 Afghanistan, 40 age factors and, 16, 17-20, 30, 45, 62, 63, 114, 121-123, 124-126, 127, 132 Bosnia, 41 Cambodians, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121126, 127 children, 17 crude mortality rates, 30 Kosovo, 95-97 life expectancy, 18, 73 marital status, 80-81, 83 North Koreans, 45, 69, 73, 80-83 nutritional status, 81-83 rape, 24 reproductive health, 27-28, 34, 35; see also Fertility Rwandans, 62, 63 Genocide and ethnic cleansing, 1, 5, 26, 130, 131, 133 Cambodians, 104 see also Bosnia; Kosovo; Rwanda Geographic factors Cambodians, 112, 119 country boundaries, adjustment, 7 Kosovo, 87, 97 North Koreans, 44, 45, 76-77 Rwandans, 47, 54 see also Internally displaced persons; Rural areas; Transportation and travel; Urban areas Government role, 83, 131, 134 complex humanitarian emergency defined, 1 destructive policies, x, 1 Kosovars, 89, 100, 133 North Korea, 44, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79 refugee/internally displaced persons, counted as, 6 Rwandans in Zaire, 60 see also War and armed conflicts Guinea, 47 H Health care, see Medical interventions Households, see Families and households Humanitarian interventions, 2, 3, 9, 20-21, 130, 133, 134 evaluation techniques, general, 34 food aid, 31, 43, 58, 70, 77, 78, 79, 84 internally displaced persons, 9, 23, 24, 49 international organizations, aid levels, 7 military targeting of workers, 26, 52 morbidity as guide to, 24-25 North Koreans, 70, 71 Sierra Leone, 49 stages of crisis and, 10, 12 standards, 27, 34, 52 Read the entire page →
From page 141... ... INDEX 141 typologies of complex emergencies, 4 U.S. bilateral aid levels, 7 see also Camp populations; International organizations; Logistics; Nongovernmental organizations; specific organizations I ICRC, see Red Cross Immunizations, see Vaccinations Indirect estimation techniques, 3, 34, 7172, 119-124 Information systems, 27-33 see also Statistical methodology; Surveillance systems Insects, 21 see also Malaria Internally displaced persons (IDPs) Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... 142 INDEX M Macedonia (FYROM) , Kosovars in, 33, 86, 88, 89-100, 132, 133 Malaria, 13, 20-21, 41 Rwandans, 61 Males, see Gender factors Malnutrition, 4, 7(n.3) Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... INDEX 143 United Nations, 45, 69, 70, 75, 84 urban areas, 76-77 World Food Program, 43, 70 World Vision, 44-45, 70 Nutrition, see Food and nutrition P Pakistan, Afghans in, 38 Pertussis, 47 Pests, see Insects Political factors, 6, 12, 21(n.7) , 22-24, 83, 133 Cambodia, 102-129 North Koreans, 77 stages of crisis, 12 see also Genocide and ethnic cleansing; Government role; War and armed conflicts Professional training, surveillance systems, 21 Protein energy malnutrition, 13 Psychological factors, 2, 27-28, 34, 131 dignity issues, 25 family reports of deaths, 31 recall, 32-33, 66-67 see also Cultural factors; Mental health trauma Q Quality control, see Standards R Rape, 24 Recall, 32-33 North Koreans, 71-75, 82 Rwandans, 66-67 Red Cross (ICRC) Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... 144 INDEX Shigella, 47, 55 Sierra Leone, 24, 39, 47-49 Somalia, 10, 12, 13, 14, 25, 49 Southeast Asia, see Cambodia; North Korea; Thailand; Vietnam Soviet Union, dissolution of, 22 Afghanistan war, 38-39, 40 North Korea and, 43 Sphere Project, 27 Standards aid provision, 27, 34, 52 data collection protocols, 28-29 reporting procedures, 31 Statistical methodology, ix, 28-33, 34, 130135 baseline mortality, 4, 90, 99 camp populations, 31-32, 54 data collection protocols, 28-29 indirect estimation techniques, 3, 34, 71-72, 119-124 vital statistics, ix, 106, 111, 117-118 see also Crude death rate; Crude mortality rate; Mathematical models; Retrospective mortality surveys; Sampling; Surveillance systems Sudan, 5, 10, 13 Suicide, 74, 113 Surveillance systems, 21, 28-33 Cambodians, 105 Kosovo, 87-90, 97-100 professional training, 21 Rwandans in Zaire, 33, 53, 54-55, 57, 58, 60, 66 see also Information systems; Retrospective mortality surveys T Thailand, Cambodian refugees in, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 105, 119, 121, 123 Time factors Cambodians, 109-112 duration of crisis, 2, 13, 130 recall, 32-33, 66-67, 71-75, 82 Rwandans, 65, 66-67 stages of crisis, 10-12, 30, 65, 94 Training, see Professional training Transportation and travel, 20, 131 Kosovars, 86, 132 Cambodians, 104 North Koreans, 76, 79-80 stages of crisis, 10-12 Typhoid, 41 U Uganda, 53 United Nations, 23, 24, 25, 26 Bosnia, 42 Cambodians, 106 Kosovo, 87-89, 90 North Koreans, 45, 69, 70, 75, 84 Rwandans, 57 Urban areas, 5 Afghans, 38, 39 Bosnians, 41, 42-43 Cambodians, 104 North Koreans, 76-77 Rwandans in Zaire, 52, 53-57 Sierra Leone, 47, 48 V Vaccinations, 4, 8(n.3) , 13, 14, 20, 30 Kosovars, 90, 100 Rwandans, 54-55 Vietnam, Cambodian crisis, 103, 104, 105106, 121, 126 Violence, 14, 20, 30, 113-114, 124-125, 126 rape, 24 suicide, 74, 113 see also Executions; War and armed conflicts Vital statistics, ix, 106, 111, 117-118 W War and armed conflicts, x, 5, 12-13, 24, 25, 130, 131 Afghans, 38-39, 40 aid workers, military targeting of, 26, 52 Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... INDEX 145 Cambodians, 102, 103-106, 107, 116, 123-124, 127 combatant mortality, 5, 116, 127 complex humanitarian emergency defined, 1 exclusion zones, 43 field hospitals, 43 genocide and ethnic cleansing, 1, 5, 26, 104, 130, 131, 133; see also Bosnia; Kosovo; Rwanda rape as a weapon, 24 Sierra Leone, 24, 39, 47-49 see also Balkans; Bosnia; Kosovo; Landmines; Rwanda Water supply Bosnians, 43 Kosovars, 132 Rwandans, 47, 52, 57 see also Sanitation Weather drought, 70 floods, 47, 69-70 Whooping cough, see Pertussis Women, see Gender factors World Food Program, 7 North Koreans, 43, 70 World Vision, North Koreans, 44-45, 70 Y Yugoslavia, see Bosnia; Kosovo; Macedonia Z Zaire, Rwandan refugees in, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15-16, 17, 26, 29, 33, 46, 52-68 Read the entire page →

From page 137...

... 137 Index A Accidental injuries, 131, 132 Cambodians, 113 Kosovars, 92 North Koreans, 74 Afghanistan, 38-41 Africa, 6 ECOMOG, 47 see also Angola; Burundi; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Liberia; Mozambique; Rwanda; Sierra Leone; Somalia; Sudan; Uganda; Zaire Age factors, 2, 12, 14-20, 30, 34, 132 Afghans, 40 Bosnia, 14 Cambodians, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109-111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121-126, 127 camp populations, general, 14, 15-17 crude mortality rates, 30, 39, 63 gender factors and, 16, 17-20, 30, 45, 62, 63, 114, 121-123, 124-126, 127, 132 Kosovars, 89, 95-97, 99 North Koreans, 18, 73, 74, 79, 84 Rwandans, 15-16, 55, 61, 62, 63 see also Children; Elderly persons; Life expectancy Aid, see Humanitarian interventions Albania, Kosovars in, see Kosovo Alliance des Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Congo-Zaire (AFDL) , 53, 57, 59 Angola, 5, 10, 25 Asia, see Afghanistan; Cambodia; China; Iran; Iraq; North Korea; Pakistan; Soviet Union, dissolution of; Thailand; Vietnam B Balkans, 22, 25 see also Bosnia; Kosovo; Macedonia Bangladesh, 5, 9, 13 Baseline mortality defined, 4 Kosovars, 90, 99 Birth rate, see Fertility Bosnia, 10, 24, 25, 26, 39, 41-43 age factors, 14 crude mortality rates, 41 executions, 41 forensics, 41-42 gender factors, 41 mass graves, 41-42 medical interventions, 42-43 urban areas, 41, 42-43 Burundi, 53

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From page 138...

... 138 INDEX C Cambodia, x, 5, 11, 25, 33, 34, 102-129 age and gender factors, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109-111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121-126, 127 camp populations, 106, 119 children, 104, 117, 122, 124-125 elderly persons, 104 executions, 104, 105, 108, 116, 117, 118, 125, 127 families and households, 106-108, 123, 125 famine, 104, 117, 118, 119, 124 fertility, 106, 109, 111, 119-120, 121, 124 gender factors, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109-111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121-126, 127 geographic factors, 112, 119 landmines, 116, 127 medical interventions, 104, 116 retrospective mortality surveys, 107, 108, 109 sampling, 107-108 sanitation, 104 surveillance systems, 105; see also "retrospective mortality surveys" supra transportation and travel factors, 104 urban areas, 104 vital statistics, 106, 111, 117-118 war, 102, 103-106, 107, 116, 123-124, 127 Camp populations, 4, 8-9, 31-32, 54 Afghans, 38-39, 40 age factors, 14, 15-17 Cambodians, 106, 119 Kosovars, 90, 91-92, 97-98, 132 Rwandans, 46, 52-68 Sierra Leone, 47-48, 49 stages of crisis, 11 Case studies, x, 2, 33-34 Afghans, 38-41 Albanians Kosovars, 33-34 Bosnians, 39, 41-43 Cambodians, 34, 102-129 Kosovars, 33, 86-101 North Koreans in China, 34, 43-45, 69-85 Rwandans in Zaire, 33, 39, 45-47, 52-68 Sierra Leone, 39, 47-49 Census data, Cambodian crisis, 106-107 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention crude death rate, 7 Kosovo, 88 Children, 4, 14, 15, 16, 30 Afghan, 39, 40, 41 Cambodian, 104, 117, 122, 124-125 crude death rate, 7-8(n.3) crude mortality rate, 7-8(n.3)

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From page 139...

... INDEX 139 forced migration, x war-related deaths, 131 Diarrhea, 39, 41, 48, 55, 57, 58 see also Cholera Disasters, see Earthquakes; Famine; Floods; Natural disasters; War and armed conflicts Diseases and disorders, 13-14 Afghans, 38, 40-41 Bosnians, 40-42, 132 Cambodians, 117, 127 cholera, 47, 55, 57, 58, 61 chronic, general, 7(n.3) , 24, 25, 42, 95, 96, 97, 132 combatant mortality from disease, 5 communicable, general, 4, 5, 13-14, 24, 38, 40-41, 42, 47, 55, 67, 89, 95, 96, 97, 127, 132 dehydration, 47 diarrhea, 39, 41, 48, 55, 57, 58 disabilities, 24 Kosovars, 89, 95, 132 malaria, 13, 20-21, 41, 61 malnutrition, 4, 7(n.3)

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From page 140...

... 140 INDEX Famine, x, 12, 130 Cambodians, 104, 117, 118, 119, 124 North Koreans, 43-45, 70, 77, 81-83 see also Food and nutrition; Malnutrition Females, see Gender factors Fertility, 2, 35 Cambodians, 106, 109, 111, 119-120, 121, 124 North Koreans, 71, 75, 82, 83 see also Reproductive health Floods, 47, 69-70 Food and nutrition, 8-9, 13, 20 aid, 31, 43, 58, 70, 77, 78, 79, 84 Cambodians, 104, 117, 118, 119, 124 family reports of deaths and aid entitlements, 31 feeding center registers, 66 gender factors, 81-83 insecurity, 2, 31, 38, 40, 45, 82; see "malnutrition" infra Kosovars, 132 malnutrition, 4, 7(n.3) , 13, 14, 24, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 61, 74, 81-83, 117, 132; see also Famine North Koreans, 34, 43, 44, 45, 70, 72, 74, 77, 78-79, 81-84 Rwandans, 58, 66 see also Famine; World Food Program Forced migration, definitional issues, x, 1, 3-5 Forces Armées Rwandaises, 47 Forensics, Bosnia, 41-42 Funding, 7, 27 FYROM, see Macedonia G Gender factors, 2, 12, 30, 34, 132 Afghanistan, 40 age factors and, 16, 17-20, 30, 45, 62, 63, 114, 121-123, 124-126, 127, 132 Bosnia, 41 Cambodians, 17, 18, 19, 20, 102, 109111, 112-115, 116-117, 118, 121126, 127 children, 17 crude mortality rates, 30 Kosovo, 95-97 life expectancy, 18, 73 marital status, 80-81, 83 North Koreans, 45, 69, 73, 80-83 nutritional status, 81-83 rape, 24 reproductive health, 27-28, 34, 35; see also Fertility Rwandans, 62, 63 Genocide and ethnic cleansing, 1, 5, 26, 130, 131, 133 Cambodians, 104 see also Bosnia; Kosovo; Rwanda Geographic factors Cambodians, 112, 119 country boundaries, adjustment, 7 Kosovo, 87, 97 North Koreans, 44, 45, 76-77 Rwandans, 47, 54 see also Internally displaced persons; Rural areas; Transportation and travel; Urban areas Government role, 83, 131, 134 complex humanitarian emergency defined, 1 destructive policies, x, 1 Kosovars, 89, 100, 133 North Korea, 44, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79 refugee/internally displaced persons, counted as, 6 Rwandans in Zaire, 60 see also War and armed conflicts Guinea, 47 H Health care, see Medical interventions Households, see Families and households Humanitarian interventions, 2, 3, 9, 20-21, 130, 133, 134 evaluation techniques, general, 34 food aid, 31, 43, 58, 70, 77, 78, 79, 84 internally displaced persons, 9, 23, 24, 49 international organizations, aid levels, 7 military targeting of workers, 26, 52 morbidity as guide to, 24-25 North Koreans, 70, 71 Sierra Leone, 49 stages of crisis and, 10, 12 standards, 27, 34, 52

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From page 141...

... INDEX 141 typologies of complex emergencies, 4 U.S. bilateral aid levels, 7 see also Camp populations; International organizations; Logistics; Nongovernmental organizations; specific organizations I ICRC, see Red Cross Immunizations, see Vaccinations Indirect estimation techniques, 3, 34, 7172, 119-124 Information systems, 27-33 see also Statistical methodology; Surveillance systems Insects, 21 see also Malaria Internally displaced persons (IDPs)

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From page 142...

... 142 INDEX M Macedonia (FYROM) , Kosovars in, 33, 86, 88, 89-100, 132, 133 Malaria, 13, 20-21, 41 Rwandans, 61 Males, see Gender factors Malnutrition, 4, 7(n.3)

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From page 143...

... INDEX 143 United Nations, 45, 69, 70, 75, 84 urban areas, 76-77 World Food Program, 43, 70 World Vision, 44-45, 70 Nutrition, see Food and nutrition P Pakistan, Afghans in, 38 Pertussis, 47 Pests, see Insects Political factors, 6, 12, 21(n.7) , 22-24, 83, 133 Cambodia, 102-129 North Koreans, 77 stages of crisis, 12 see also Genocide and ethnic cleansing; Government role; War and armed conflicts Professional training, surveillance systems, 21 Protein energy malnutrition, 13 Psychological factors, 2, 27-28, 34, 131 dignity issues, 25 family reports of deaths, 31 recall, 32-33, 66-67 see also Cultural factors; Mental health trauma Q Quality control, see Standards R Rape, 24 Recall, 32-33 North Koreans, 71-75, 82 Rwandans, 66-67 Red Cross (ICRC)

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From page 144...

... 144 INDEX Shigella, 47, 55 Sierra Leone, 24, 39, 47-49 Somalia, 10, 12, 13, 14, 25, 49 Southeast Asia, see Cambodia; North Korea; Thailand; Vietnam Soviet Union, dissolution of, 22 Afghanistan war, 38-39, 40 North Korea and, 43 Sphere Project, 27 Standards aid provision, 27, 34, 52 data collection protocols, 28-29 reporting procedures, 31 Statistical methodology, ix, 28-33, 34, 130135 baseline mortality, 4, 90, 99 camp populations, 31-32, 54 data collection protocols, 28-29 indirect estimation techniques, 3, 34, 71-72, 119-124 vital statistics, ix, 106, 111, 117-118 see also Crude death rate; Crude mortality rate; Mathematical models; Retrospective mortality surveys; Sampling; Surveillance systems Sudan, 5, 10, 13 Suicide, 74, 113 Surveillance systems, 21, 28-33 Cambodians, 105 Kosovo, 87-90, 97-100 professional training, 21 Rwandans in Zaire, 33, 53, 54-55, 57, 58, 60, 66 see also Information systems; Retrospective mortality surveys T Thailand, Cambodian refugees in, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 105, 119, 121, 123 Time factors Cambodians, 109-112 duration of crisis, 2, 13, 130 recall, 32-33, 66-67, 71-75, 82 Rwandans, 65, 66-67 stages of crisis, 10-12, 30, 65, 94 Training, see Professional training Transportation and travel, 20, 131 Kosovars, 86, 132 Cambodians, 104 North Koreans, 76, 79-80 stages of crisis, 10-12 Typhoid, 41 U Uganda, 53 United Nations, 23, 24, 25, 26 Bosnia, 42 Cambodians, 106 Kosovo, 87-89, 90 North Koreans, 45, 69, 70, 75, 84 Rwandans, 57 Urban areas, 5 Afghans, 38, 39 Bosnians, 41, 42-43 Cambodians, 104 North Koreans, 76-77 Rwandans in Zaire, 52, 53-57 Sierra Leone, 47, 48 V Vaccinations, 4, 8(n.3) , 13, 14, 20, 30 Kosovars, 90, 100 Rwandans, 54-55 Vietnam, Cambodian crisis, 103, 104, 105106, 121, 126 Violence, 14, 20, 30, 113-114, 124-125, 126 rape, 24 suicide, 74, 113 see also Executions; War and armed conflicts Vital statistics, ix, 106, 111, 117-118 W War and armed conflicts, x, 5, 12-13, 24, 25, 130, 131 Afghans, 38-39, 40 aid workers, military targeting of, 26, 52

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From page 145...

... INDEX 145 Cambodians, 102, 103-106, 107, 116, 123-124, 127 combatant mortality, 5, 116, 127 complex humanitarian emergency defined, 1 exclusion zones, 43 field hospitals, 43 genocide and ethnic cleansing, 1, 5, 26, 104, 130, 131, 133; see also Bosnia; Kosovo; Rwanda rape as a weapon, 24 Sierra Leone, 24, 39, 47-49 see also Balkans; Bosnia; Kosovo; Landmines; Rwanda Water supply Bosnians, 43 Kosovars, 132 Rwandans, 47, 52, 57 see also Sanitation Weather drought, 70 floods, 47, 69-70 Whooping cough, see Pertussis Women, see Gender factors World Food Program, 7 North Koreans, 43, 70 World Vision, North Koreans, 44-45, 70 Y Yugoslavia, see Bosnia; Kosovo; Macedonia Z Zaire, Rwandan refugees in, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15-16, 17, 26, 29, 33, 46, 52-68

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