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From page 86... ... 86 4 Methods of Determining Mortality in the Mass Displacement and Return of Emergency-Affected Populations in Kosovo, 1998-1999 Brent Burkholder, Paul Spiegel, and Peter Salama INTRODUCTION In early 1998, long-standing tensions between the majority ethnic Albanian and minority Serbian populations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) province of Kosovo broke out into open hostilities. Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... BRENT BURKHOLDER, PAUL SPIEGEL, AND PETER SALAMA 87 City Camp Planned Camp Roads Rivers Lakes National Boundaries -242,300 Refugees -444,600 Refugees -69,700 Kosovar -13,300 Serbian Refugees FIGURE 4-1 Map of Kosovo region, June 15, 1999. Source: United States Agency for International Development (1999) Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 88 EMERGENCY-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN KOSOVO surveillance systems in these two countries. However, logistical problems and the challenges of integrating these emergency operations into local, ongoing surveillance systems led to difficulties in obtaining comprehensive health data. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... BRENT BURKHOLDER, PAUL SPIEGEL, AND PETER SALAMA 89 mates of total refugees residing in the host country.1 We obtained detailed population demographic information for camp refugees in FYROM from the IOM registration data bank (International Organization for Migration, 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... 90 EMERGENCY-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN KOSOVO Although deaths occurring in the camps were also required to have FYROM official death certificates, a careful comparison of both camp and MOI lists did not reveal any duplications. Additional deaths were discovered through a listing of funerals provided by a local Albanian NGO (El Hillal, 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... BRENT BURKHOLDER, PAUL SPIEGEL, AND PETER SALAMA 91 weeks following the NATO bombing on March 24, 1999, an estimated 285,000 refugees entered the Kukes region of northern Albania. A slow, steady stream of additional refugees followed. Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... 92 EMERGENCY-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN KOSOVO cent were living in 8 refugee camps and the remainder were housed with host families, primarily in the 5 regions near the border (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Ministry of the Interior, 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... 93 T A B L E 4 -1 C ru d e M or ta lit y R at es ( C M R s) Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 94 EMERGENCY-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN KOSOVO The retrospective mortality survey in Kosovo that covered the complete 17-month period of the crisis found a much higher overall CMR (0.72 per 1,000 per month) Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... BRENT BURKHOLDER, PAUL SPIEGEL, AND PETER SALAMA 95 Age, Sex, and Cause-Specific Mortality Specific information on mortality in Albania was limited (Valenciano et al., 1999) Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 EMERGENCY-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN KOSOVO In the Kosovo survey, males accounted for 67 percent of all reported deaths, a higher proportion than in FYROM. Unlike FYROM, a smaller percentage of deaths occurred among the 60 years and older age group (44 percent) Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... BRENT BURKHOLDER, PAUL SPIEGEL, AND PETER SALAMA 97 and other structures. In data not shown here, we found that 24 (36 percent) Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 98 EMERGENCY-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN KOSOVO tion in the confines of camps or collective centers was difficult due to the constant influx of new arrivals and, in FYROM, departures for third countries, but nevertheless proved easier than dealing with refugees in host families. Enumeration was particularly delayed in FYROM where host family refugees had to go through a multistage registration process before inclusion on the official Macedonian Red Cross list. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... BRENT BURKHOLDER, PAUL SPIEGEL, AND PETER SALAMA 99 average CMR for the three-month crisis was markedly similar to the prewar baseline and surpassed it only during the height of the crisis in April. Even allowing for substantial underreporting, it appears that the Kosovar Albanians were a generally healthy and relatively young population whose health status was maintained during their refuge in the FYROM. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 100 EMERGENCY-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN KOSOVO emergency surveillance systems were operational. In FYROM the government required that mortality be reported through the routine surveillance system, which resulted in lengthy delays in obtaining potentially critical health data. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... BRENT BURKHOLDER, PAUL SPIEGEL, AND PETER SALAMA 101 El Hillal 1999 Request for funeral expenses submitted to UNHCR, June 1, 1999. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Ministry of the Interior 1999 Line listing of refugee deaths, March-June, 1999. Read the entire page →

From page 86...

... 86 4 Methods of Determining Mortality in the Mass Displacement and Return of Emergency-Affected Populations in Kosovo, 1998-1999 Brent Burkholder, Paul Spiegel, and Peter Salama INTRODUCTION In early 1998, long-standing tensions between the majority ethnic Albanian and minority Serbian populations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) province of Kosovo broke out into open hostilities.