The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Index
Pages 533-604

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 533... ... See Air Force Health Study Aflatoxin, I: 453; IV: 267 Africa, sub-Saharan, II: 181; III: 282; IV: 267 Age and aging acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 9, 378 533 acute myeloid leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 bone cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 302; IV: 288 brain cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 356; IV: 351 breast cancer incidence in US women, data for selected age groups, III: 324; IV: 314 cancer age-specific incidence, I: 436-438 chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 chronic myeloid leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 diabetes prevalence, data by age, III: 492 epidemiologic studies, control of aging effects, II: 261-262; III: 409; IV: 3, 13, 23 female reproductive system cancer incidence, data by type, for selected age groups, III: 329, 330; IV: 321 gastrointestinal tract cancer incidence, data by type for selected age groups, III: 267; IV: 250 Hodgkin's disease incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 372; IV: 365 Read the entire page →
From page 534... ... 534 immune system, IV: 31, 79 laryngeal cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 292; IV: 277 latency and, II: 261-262, 273, 275; III: 409, 414-415, 425, 428, 430; IV: 254, 256, 264, 265 leukemia incidence, data by type, for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancers incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 282; IV: 267 lung cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 296; IV: 281 melanoma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 313; IV: 300 multiple myeloma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 377 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 289; IV: 273 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma age of onset, I: 436 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 362; IV: 356 prostate cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 334; IV: 10, 327 renal cancers incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 352; IV: 346 reproductive disorders, IV: 51-52, 59, 63, 66, 71, 80, 200 soft-tissue sarcoma age of onset, I: 436 soft-tissue sarcoma incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 306; IV: 292 TCDD half-life, IV: 24, 28, 45 testicular cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 343; IV: 335 urinary bladder cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 347; IV: 340 See also Demographic data, Vietnam veterans Agent Blue, I: 27, 89-90, 93, 97, 100; III: 136, 137; IV: 118 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Agent Green, I: 27, 90, 92, 114; III: 136, 137, 140, 146; IV: 118 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136; IV: 123 Agent Orange, II: 308; III: 130, 159, 315, 344, 359, 389, 407, 444, 460, 462, 489, 491; IV: 117-118, 150, 156 INDEX Air Force research activities, II: 31-32; III: 28-29 birth defects association, II: 298, 300; III: 435; IV: 400 cancer latency issues, II: 260-276; III: 407431; IV: 284 chemical composition, I: 27; II: 102; IV: 119 chloracne association, II: 317, 318; III: 479; IV: 138, 463 congressional hearings, II: 27-28; III: 25 defoliant effectiveness, I: 90 Department of Veterans Affairs activities, II: 29-31, 153, 156-157; III: 27-28; IV: 15 Environmental Protection Agency research activities, II: 32; III: 29-30 exposure opportunity index (EOI) , II: 290291; III: 146, 147, 148; IV: 124, 405 federal government action/research, I: 4560; II: 27-32; III: 27-32; IV: 13 health effects of, concerns, I: 2; II: 19-23, 26-27; III: 19-20, 236, 237, 240, 242, 243 International Agency for Research on Cancer research activities, III: 30 legislation, I: 47-52; II: 28-29; III: 26-27; IV: 1, 15 Orange II formulation, I: 90; III: 137; IV: 119 product liability litigation, I: 34-35 spontaneous abortion, II: 283; IV: 399-400, 409-412 suspension of use, I: 92-93; II: 26 TCDD as contaminant of, I: 91, 114, 126127; II: 102; III: 140; IV: 133-135 Vietnam amount used, I: 1, 27, 74, 90, 9798, 106; II: 1, 26; III: 136; IV: 115, 118-119 Vietnam military application, I: 1, 3, 27, 74, 84-85, 90, 92-93, 97-107, 543-545; II: 1, 26-27; III: 1, 25, 136, 137, 138, 140; IV: 125-126 Vietnam surplus disposal, I: 93-94 Vietnam veterans' concerns, I: 32-34; II: 26-27 Vietnam veterans' increased disease risk, II: 22-23; III: 22-23, 272; IV: 8-9, 12, 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305, 311, 318, 323, 332, 338, 343, 348, 353, 359, 367, 374, 381, 388 Read the entire page →
From page 535... ... See Agent Orange Agent Pink, I: 27, 90, 92, 114; III: 136, 137, 140, 146; IV: 118, 122-123 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136; IV: 123 Agent Purple, I: 27, 89, 92, 114; III: 136, 140, 146; IV: 118, 122-123 Operation Ranch Hand, IV: 123 TCDD in, I: 126; IV: 122 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Agent White, I: 27, 90, 92-93, 97, 115, 189; III: 136, 137; IV: 118-119, volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Agricultural/forestry workers brain tumors, I: 320, 523; II: 136 Canadian Farmer Cohort, II: 135- 136 cancers, I: 13, 37, 320-323, 443, 447, 454; II: 133-137, 179 case-control studies, I: 326-341, 486-488; II: 118-122, 138-140; III: 185-195, 228232 cohort studies, I: 318-323; II: 118- 120, 135137, 197-198; III: 178-185, 224-228; IV: 197-202 535 epidemiologic studies, I: 37, 318-323; II: 118-120, 135-137, 232-234, 238-239, 241-243; III: 178-195, 224-232, 284285, 335, 364-365, 379-380, 387-388; IV: 134, 141-142, 145, 257, 260, 263, 265, 271, 285, 290, 296, 306, 312, 318, 324, 333, 338, 349, 353, 360, 368, 374, 381, 401 female reproductive and breast cancers, I: 510-511; IV: 324-325 hepatobiliary cancer, I: 454; II: 183- 184; III: 284-285; IV: 271 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 265-266; III: 154-157; IV: 202 Hodgkin's disease, I: 550-553; II: 135 Irish agricultural workers study, II: 136- 137 kidney cancer, I: 515 leukemia, I: 332-335, 566-568; II: 136; III: 387-388 malignant lymphoma in, IV: 201 multiple myelomas, I: 11-12, 558-561; II: 138-139, 238-239, 241-243; III: 379-380 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 256-257, 530-540; II: 138, 139, 232-234; III: 364-365; IV: 359-361 prostate cancer, I: 11, 518, 519, 575; II: 89; III: 335; IV: 327-329 reproductive outcomes, I: 510-511, 598 respiratory cancer, I: 11, 466; II: 197-198 soft-tissue sarcomas, I: 37, 326-328, 479481, 486-488 sperm dysfunction, I: 632 suicide, I: 650 See also Forests; Professional pesticide/ herbicide applicators Agricultural Health Study, IV: 142 See also Iowa Agricultural herbicides, I: 24, 35, 39, 174-175, 181; II: 137-139 See also Herbicides Agriculture. See Agricultural/forestry workers; Agricultural herbicides; Food crops; Forests Ah receptor (AhR) Read the entire page →
From page 536... ... , I: 62-63, 260, 272, 622; II: 284, 293-295, 336; III: 23, 25, 29, 239, 438-439, 495, 505, 514; IV: 13, 232, 233, 234, 235 appropriation for, I: 51 autoimmune disease in, I: 698 basal/squamous cell skin cancer in, III: 318, 321, 322; IV: 309 baseline mortality studies, II: 151 birth defects in offspring, II: 286, 293-295; III: 436, 438, 439; IV: 402 bone cancer in, III: 303; IV: 289 cancer and latency in, III: 423, 424, 425, 427 circulatory disease in, I: 703-705, 706; II: 336; III: 514, 517; IV: 508-509 data sources, I: 385-386; II: 150- 151 diabetes mellitus in, I: 684; II: 330; III: 495, 498-500, 502; IV: 485-487 epidemiological studies, II: 31, 32, 149, 150-152, 154-156, 293-295; III: 28-29, 206-207, 218, 237-240, 303, 309-310, 313-314, 318, 321, 322, 339, 340, 385, 436, 438, 439, 446-447, 449, 452-453, 457-458, 481, 486, 495, 498-500, 502, 505, 506, 507, 510, 513, 514, 517; IV: 291, 294-295, 298, 301, 305-306, 308311, 313, 327, 329, 331, 334-36, 342, 345, 347, 350, 352, 355, 357, 362, 366, 370, 373, 376, 380, 383 exposure assessment in, I: 279-280, 281, 386; II: 4-5, 101, 103, 109; III: 6, 146147, 157-158, 162; IV: 123-124 gastrointestinal ulcers in, I: 691; III: 510, 513 immune system disorders in, I: 696 infertility in, II: 280; III: 446-447, 449 lipid abnormalities in, I: 689; II: 333; III: 505, 506, 507; IV: 494 liver toxicity in, II: 332; III: 510, 513; IV: 502 low birthweight in, I: 626, 627; III: 457-458 melanoma in, III: 313-314; IV: 303-304 methodology, I: 230-231, 385-386, 445, 757-762 multiple myelomas in, I: 562; II: 244, 245; IV: 373 Read the entire page →
From page 537... ... See Alanine aminotransferase AL-type primary amyloidosis See Amyloidosis American Association for the Advancement of Science, I: 29, 92 Herbicide Assessment Commission, I: 30-31 American Cancer Society, I: 334; II: 177, 181, 189, 191, 204, 205, 209, 211, 217, 223, 228, 231, 239, 245; III: 267, 282, 289, 292, 295, 296, 302, 304, 312, 322, 324, 329, 334, 343, 347, 351, 356, 362, 371, 377, 383; IV: 250, 267, 273, 277, 281, 287,291,299,300,314,320,326,335, 339, 345, 350, 355, 364, 371, 377 Cancer Prevention Study, II: 239; III: 229 American College of Epidemiology, II: 25 American Diabetes Association (ADA) , III: 492, 493, 502 American Industrial Hygiene Association, II: 25 American Journal of Epidemiology, II: 281 American Legion, I: 60, 278-279, 399, 601602, 626, 633; II: 113, 157; IV: 133, 158 Vietnam veterans' epidemiological studies, III: 212-213, 243 American Public Health Association, II: 25 American Thoracic Society Epidemiology Standardization Questionnaire, II: 136 d-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase, I: 153-154 Amitrole, I: 323 AML. Read the entire page →
From page 538... ... 538 INDEX 2,4-D mechanism of action, II: 47-48; III: 44; IV: 33 2,4-D mechanism of toxicity, II: 48-49; IV; 28, 37 2,4-D neurotoxicity, II: 48; III: 45-46, 473; IV: 30, 35 2,4-D pharmacokinetics, I: 175 2,4-D reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 180, 181; III: 46; IV: 29, 36 2,4-D toxicity profile update summary, II: 46; IV: 33 2,4-D toxicokinetics, II: 46-47; III: 43-44; IV: 24, 27 2,4,5-T acute toxicity, I: 184 2,4,5-T carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 182184; III: 396 2,4,5-T chronic exposure, I: 184 2,4,5-T developmental/reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 185; II: 49-50 2,4,5-T genotoxicity, I: 184 2,4,5-T immunotoxicity, I: 123 2,4,5-T mechanism of action, III: 47-48 2,4,5-T mechanism of toxicity, II: 49-50; IV: 37 2,4,5-T pharmacokinetics, I: 182 2,4,5-T toxicity profile update summary, II: 49; IV: 37 characteristics of, I: 111- 114; IV: 48 epidemiologic studies, IV: 359, 361, 369, 381 evidentiary role, I: 228; IV: 85, 106, 385, 515-516 generalizability, I: 112, 113, 114, 118, 122 123, 160; IV: 26, 85, 426, 459 hepatic abnormalities, I: 124-125, 688; IV: 25, 57, 59-60 human health relevance of toxicology, III: 35-36; IV: 26, 48 male-mediated disorders, I: 593-594 nonhuman primates, I: 151 picloram in, I: 118, 119, 125, 190-192; III: 51 squamous cell carcinomas, IV: 284 TCDD acute toxicity, II: 75-76 TCDD and bladder cancer in; IV: 342 TCDD and bone cancer in; IV: 290 TCDD and Hodgkin's disease in; IV: 367 TCDD and leukemia disease in; IV: 380 TCDD and multiple myeloma in; IV: 374 TCDD and nasal and nasopharyngeal cancer in; IV: 275 TCDD and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in; IV: 358 TCDD and prostate cancer in; IV: 332 2,4,5-T toxicokinetics, II: 49; III: 47; IV: 37 TCDD and soft-tissue sarcoma in; IV: 279 Ah receptor, I: 3, 123, 134; II: 3-4, 51-53, TCDD carcinogenicity, I: 3, 116, 138-142; 54-56, 57-62; III: 54-58, 129; IV: 4, 30, II: 3, 65-68; IV: 26, 305, 311 386 TCDD cardiovascular toxicity, I: 171; II: amyloidosis, IV: 512 76; III: 74-75 blood abnormalities, I: 125; IV: 496 TCDD dermal toxicity, I: 173-174; II: 76 breast cancer, IV: 29, 317-318 TCDD developmental toxicity, I: 123- 124, cacodylic acid acute toxicity, I: 188 156-157, 159-160; II: 3, 71, 72-73; III: cacodylic acid carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 92-105; IV: 58 187; IV: 5, 387 TCDD disease outcomes, II: 3; III: 39-43, cacodylic acid chronic exposure, I: 188-189 cacodylic acid developmental toxicity, I: 189 cacodylic acid genotoxicity, I: 187-188 cacodylic acid mechanism of action, II: 50; III: 49-50 cacodylic acid mechanism of toxicity, II: 50-51; IV: 24 cacodylic acid pharmacokinetics, I: 186-187 cacodylic acid renal toxicity, II: 50-51 cacodylic acid reproductive toxicity, I: 189 cacodylic acid toxicity summary, II: 50; IV: 38 cacodylic acid toxicokinetics, II: 50; III: 48; IV: 24, 27, 38 71-105; IV: 3, 23 TCDD endocrine effects, III: 83-84 TCDD gastrointestinal toxicity, I: 169-170; IV: 256 TCDD hepatotoxicity, I: 124- 125, 151 - 156; II: 3, 73-75; III: 76-79 TCDD immunotoxicity, I: 119- 122, 146151; II: 3, 68-71; III: 85-92; IV: 3, 26 TCDD-induced diabetes, IV: 488 TCDD-induced wasting syndrome, I: 162166; II: 76-77; III: 80-83; IV: 57, 76 TCDD lethality, III: 71-73; IV: 76 TCDD mechanism of action, II: 3, 54-65; III: 51-53, 54-58, 62-63, 67-69; IV: 3, 24 Read the entire page →
From page 539... ... Asthma, I: 708, 711, 713; IV: 199 See also Respiratory disorders 539 Ataxia, I: 658 See also Motor/coordination dysfunction; Neurobehavioral toxicity Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, I: 387 Atlanta, Georgia, II: 241, 296; III: 229 CDC Birth Defects Study, II: 9; III: 438; IV: 237 Atlantic Ocean, III: 108 Australia, I: 61, 91, 340, 406, 418, 444, 470, 488-489, 537, 546, 614-615, 633, 702, 710; II: 113, 132, 149, 160, 202, 293; III: 216-217, 218, 237, 244-245; IV: 8, 10, 144, 150, 159, 210, 304 Air Force veterans, III: 244 Army veterans, III: 244, 245; IV: 159 Australian National Service Vietnam veterans, III: 273, 286 Bureau of Statistics Health Interview Survey, 1989-1990, III: 245, 485, 511, 517 Department of Defense, III: 244, 245 Department of Veterans Affairs, III: 244, 245 Electoral Commission rolls, III: 245 Health Insurance Medicare, III: 245 herbicide use by forces, III: 137-138 lung cancer mortality in Vietnam veterans, III: 424 National Death Index, III: 245 Navy veterans, III: 244 Victorian Cancer Registry, III: 232; IV: 144 Vietnam veterans epidemiologic studies, III: 9, 273, 285-286, 290, 294, 295, 298, 299,303,310,311,314,315,327,329, 339, 340, 343, 346, 349, 353, 355, 359, 365, 380, 389, 469, 486, 489, 500, 506, 512-513, 517; IV: 244-247, 255, 259, 262, 264, 266, 272, 276, 280, 283, 287, 295, 298-299, 305-308, 310, 313, 319, 323-326, 332, 334-335, 337, 339, 345, 350, 355, 362-363, 371, 376, 380, 383, 404-405 See also Tasmania Austria, IV: 138-139, 189, 467-468, 500 Autoimmune disease, I: 697-699; IV: 475-481 See also Immune system disorders; Systemic autoimmune disease; Systemic lupus erythematosus Autoimmunity, I: 693, 697-699; II: 7, 21, 327, 329; III: 487-488; IV: 476-477 See also Immune system disorders Read the entire page →
From page 540... ... Bias, methodological. See Methodological bias Binghamton, New York, III: 234; IV: 149 Biochemical warfare, I: 29, 45 Biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 2, 124, 128; IV: 2-3, 16, 20-22, 26, 29, 106107, 249, 385-388 Ah receptor-TCDD interaction, I: 3, 133137, 439, 452-453; III: 129; IV: 48, 86 altered sperm parameters, I: 634; III: 451 animal studies, I: 228; II: 176; III: 460-462, 474-475; IV: 431-435 basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 322 birth defects, II: 298; III: 444; IV: 403 bladder cancer, III: 351; IV: 342-343 INDEX bone cancer, I: 474; III: 304; IV: 290 brain tumors, I: 525; III: 362; IV: 352 breast cancer, II: 217; III: 327, 329; IV: 317-318 carcinogenicity, I: 116-118, 119, 146, 176178, 182-184, 187, 190-191, 439, 451; II: 176; III: 394-397; IV: 385-387 childhood cancer, I: 630; II: 300; IV: 426 chloracne, I: 678; II: 320-321; III: 480; IV: 466 circulatory disorders, I: 708; III: 518; IV: 510 diabetes mellitus, I: 692; II: 335; III: 502503; IV: 488 endometrial cancer, IV: 322 evidentiary role of, I: 111, 114, 223-224, 240-241, 434; II: 88, 92, 176; III: 23, 106-107 female reproductive system cancers, I: 512; III: 334; IV: 323 fetal/neonatal/infant death, I: 624; III: 453 gastrointestinal tract cancers, III: 281-282; IV: 256 gastrointestinal ulcers, III: 513-514 genitourinary tract cancers, I: 521-522 genotoxicity, I: 178-179, 184, 187-188, 191 hepatobiliary cancer, I: 453, 457; III: 286, 288; IV: 270 Hodgkin's disease, I: 557; III: 377; IV: 367 hyperlipidemia, I: 692 immunotoxicity, I: 122, 146-151, 181, 192, 699; III: 491 infertility, I: 634; II: 282; III: 451 laryngeal cancer, III: 295; IV: 279 leukemia, I: 571; III: 390; IV: 380-381 liver disorders, I: 691-692; II: 335; III: 513514; IV: 270 low birthweight outcomes, I: 628; III: 458 lung cancer, III: 302; IV: 284 male-mediated reproductive outcomes, I: 593-595; III: 451; IV: 413, 416-417, 426 melanoma, III: 317; IV: 305 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 661; III: 475; IV: 448 multiple myeloma, I: 12, 563; III: 383; IV: 374 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 460; III: 292; IV: 275 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314; III: 474475 Read the entire page →
From page 541... ... See Birth defects; Low birthweight; Perinatal death; Preterm delivery (PTD) Bladder cancer and disorders biologic plausibility, III: 351; IV: 342-343 epidemiologic studies, I: 515-517; II: 225227; III: 347-351; IV: 19, 339-347, 385, 387 epidemiology; II: 223; III: 347 herbicide association in, I: 12, 521, 576; II: 7, 12, 21, 225-227, 250; III: 3, 10, 21, 132, 347-351; IV: 19, 31, 40 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 349, 350-351; IV: 341 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 348, 350; IV: 340-341 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, I: 513 incidence, data by age/gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 347; IV: 340 risk factors, I: 513-514 scientific literature update, II: 226-227; III: 348-349; IV: 340 TCDD, association with, IV: 19, 24 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 513, 517, 522; II: 223, 226; III: 349, 351 See also Genitourinary cancers Body mass index (BMI) Read the entire page →
From page 542... ... 542 epidemiologic studies, III: 303-305 epidemiology, I: 472-473; II: 204; III: 302 herbicide association in, I: 13, 473-474, 577; II: 6, 11, 20, 204-205, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 303-305 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 303, 305; IV: 289 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 303, 305; IV: 288 incidence of, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 302; IV: 288 scientific literature update, II: 204-205; III: 303; IV: 288 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 473, 474; II: 204; IV: 290 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 303, 305; IV: 289 Boston Hospital for Women, II: 291-292 Brain tumors, I: 339; IV: 350 2,4-D exposure and, I: 119, 176-177 agricultural workers and, I: 320; II: 136 biologic plausibility, III: 362; IV: 352 clinical features, I: 522 epidemiologic studies, II: 136, 229-230; III: 356-361; IV: 198 epidemiology, I: 522-523; II: 228-229; III: 356 herbicide association in, I: 12, 525, 576; II: 7, 12, 21, 229-230, 250; III: 8, 12, 21, 356-362; IV: 19 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 358, 361; IV: 351 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 357-358, 360; IV: 351 incidence, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 356; IV: 351 scientific literature update, II: 229-230; III: 357-359; IV: 351 TCDD, association with, IV: 19 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 525; II: 228-229, 230; IV: 353 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 358-359, 361; IV: 352 Breast cancer agricultural workers and, I: 510; IV: 140 biologic plausibility, II: 217; III: 327, 329; IV: 318 epidemiologic studies, II: 214-216, 217; III: 324-328; IV: 318-320 epidemiology, I: 505, 506-507; II: 213-214; III: 322, 324; IV: 144 INDEX herbicide association in, I: 13; II: 6, 11, 12, 20, 89, 213-217, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 324-329; IV: 24, 29, 38, 73 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 511, 512; III: 328; IV: 315 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 214-216; III: 324-326, 328; IV: 315 histopathology, I: 505-506 incidence in US women, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 324; IV: 314 risk, estimated, II: 218 risk factors, I: 507 scientific literature update, III: 326-327; IV: 315 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 213, 216-217, 505, 511; III: 329; IV: 318 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 326, 328; IV: 316 See also Reproductive system cancers, women British Columbia, Canada, III: 10, 227-228, 338, 439-440, 447-448, 449, 452, 453, 457; IV: 419 Cancer Incidence File, III: 227 Death File, III: 227 Division of Vital Statistics, III: 452, 457 Health Surveillance Registry, III: 227, 439 Bronchitis, I: 708, 711, 713 See also Respiratory disorders Bronchus cancer. See Lung cancer Brown, Jesse, II: 24; III: 24, 25 Bureau of Census, III: 231 Bureau of Labor Statistics, I: 79, 80 n-Butyl esters, I: 27; IV: 117-119 C Ca Mau peninsula, I: 100, 104 Cacodylic acid, I: 88-89; II: 4; III: 5, 19, 32, 135, 136, 137, 218; IV: 22, 117-118, 133 acute toxicity, I: 188 animal studies, I: 185-189; II: 50-51; III: 34, 38, 48, 49-50, 396; IV: 5 carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 187; II: 40; III: 396 chemical properties/structure, I: 111, 114, 186; II: 38; III: 32 chronic exposure, I: 188-189 developmental toxicity, I: 124, 189 Read the entire page →
From page 543... ... INDEX Cancer 543 dimethylarsenic radical formation and, II: 4 disease outcomes, III: 34, 50; IV: 25, 31 domestic use, I: 185- 186 genotoxicity, I: 119, 187-188 kidney toxicity, I: 125; II: 42 mechanism of action, II: 50; III: 38, 49-50 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 50-51 metabolism, I: 115, 116 Operation Ranch Hand, use in, IV: 117 pharmacokinetics, I: 186- 187 renal toxicity, II: 50-51 reproductive toxicity, I: 124, 189; II: 42; IV: 403 toxicity update summary, II: 50; IV: 23, 33, 38 toxicokinetics, II: 50; III: 32-33, 48; IV: 24, 27-29 Vietnam formulations, I: 186 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136 Calcium, homeostasis of and 2,4,5-T, II: 4 California, I: 341; III: 232 See also Irvine, California Camp Drum, New York, I: 25-26, 89 Canada, I: 11, 319-320, 323, 374-375, 443, 467-468, 537-539, 620, 650; II: 8, 132, 135-136, 140, 219-220, 243, 248; III: 226, 232, 303, 309, 335, 344, 348, 353; IV: 141, 199, 209, 257, 296, 333, 353, 360, 374, 381 Census of Agriculture, 1971, II: 135 Census of Population, 1971, II: 135 Central Farm Register, 1971, II: 135 Central Farm Register, 1981, II: 135 Mortality Data Base, II: 135; III: 227 Mortality Study of Canadian Male Farm Operators, II: 135-136; III: 224; IV: 140, 198-200 Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, II: 139 Saskatchewan Hospital Services Plan, II: 139 Statistics Canada, III: 227 See also Alberta, Canada; British Columbia, Canada; Manitoba, Canada; New Brunswick, Canada; Ontario, Canada; Saskatchewan, Canada age-specific incidence, I: 436-438; IV: 250, 267, 273, 277, 281, 288, 292, 300, 314, 321, 327, 335, 346, 351, 356, 365, 372, 378 agriculture workers and, I: 320-323, 443; II: 136, 137-138 biologic plausibility, I: 116-118, 119, 434; II: 176; III: 394-397; IV: 249, 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305, 311, 318, 322, 323, 331, 332, 337, 342, 343, 348, 352, 358, 359, 367, 374, 380, 381, 385 children and, I: 14, 594-595, 628-631; IV: 345, 399, 400, 417-429 clinical features, I: 433-436 epidemiologic studies, I: 45, 317, 320-323, 325-326, 367, 383-384, 391-393, 443445; II: 133-138, 147-148; IV: 182, 251-255, 268-269, 274-275, 277-278, 282-283, 288-289, 292-295, 302-304, 309-310, 315-316, 321-323, 327-329, 336-337, 340-342, 346-347, 351-352, 356-358, 365-367, 372-373, 379-380 epidemiology, I: 433, 435-438, 442, 525; II: 175; III: 265-266 herbicide association, insufficient evidence for determining, I: 13-14, 577-578; II: 249-250; III: 393; IV: 268, 270, 274, 279,286,302,305,311,314,318,321, 323, 336, 337, 338, 340, 342, 346, 348, 374, 378, 380, 384 herbicide association, limited/suggestive evidence of, I: 10-12, 574-576; II: 247249; III: 393; IV: 256, 278, 279, 283, 331, 373, 384, 385 herbicide association, no evidence of, I: 1213, 576-577; II: 250; III: 393-394; IV: 254, 256, 269, 289, 317 herbicide association, sufficient evidence of, I: 8-10, 572-574; II: 175, 176, 247; III: 390, 392; IV: 295, 358, 367, 384 herbicide environmental exposure epidemiologic studies, I: 444, 469; II: 147-148; IV: 254, 269, 274, 278, 282, 289, 293, 302, 309, 315, 321, 329, 336, 341, 347, 351, 357, 366, 372, 379 herbicide exposure measures, II: 175, 176; III: 265-266 herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: 443-444; II: 133, 134; IV: 251, 268, 274, 282, 288, 292, 302, 309, 315, 321, 327, 336, 340, 346, 351, 356, 365, 372, 379 herbicide/pesticide applicators and, I: 320321, 323, 325-326, 443, 447, 466-468, 488, 491; II: 137-138; IV: 276 Read the entire page →
From page 544... ... 2,4-D as, I: 118-119, 176-178; II: 40, 48; III: 47, 396; IV: 5 2,4,5-T as, I: 118, 119, 182-184; II: 40; III: 396 cacodylic acid as, I: 118, 119, 187; II: 40; III: 396; IV: 29, 31 herbicides as, I: 3, 40; II: 273, 275; III: 426, 428, 430; IV: 10, 17, 267, 270, 341, 345, 511 mechanism of action, I: 434 INDEX picloram as, I: 118, 119, 190-191; II: 40; III: 396 TCDD as, I: 3, 116-118, 434, 439; II: 3, 3940, 65-68; III: 394, 396; IV: 3, 82-83, 134, 256, 274-275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305, 311, 318, 330, 332, 337, 342, 348, 352, 358, 367, 374, 380, 385-387, 477 See also Cancer Cardiovascular system disorders cardiomegaly, I: 703 circulatory disorders, I: 699-709; IV: 182 lipid abnormalities in, I: 688 TCDD in, I: 171; II: 76; III: 74-75; IV: 76, 135, 156-157; IV: 23-26, 135, 156-157 See also Circulatory disorders; Myocardial infarction Case-control studies agriculture/forestry workers, I: 326-341; II: 138-140; III: 185-195, 228-232 evidentiary role of, I: 234-235, 727; II: 9495, 178, 179, 180, 188; III: 130; IV: 105, 108 herbicide environmental exposure, II: 144146, 148-149, 184, 186, 190, 193, 241; III: 201-204; IV: 227-231, 322 herbicide exposure assessment for, I: 256257, 727; IV: 9, 137, 144-146, 207-221, 336, 369, 401, 418-420, 428, 444-445, 447 herbicide occupational exposure, II: 122127, 138-140, 183, 184, 186, 188, 190, 193, 200, 222, 240; III: 173, 175, 185196; IV: 133, 136, 187, 192, 207-221, 328 paper/pulp workers, II: 126-127, 200; IV: 147, 221-223 Vietnam veterans, II: 155-157, 159-160, 187, 223; III: 208-217; IV: 124, 236245, 247, 420, 423-425, 427 Causality statistical association vs., I: 7, 227, 239, 246; II: 5, 19, 97, 247; III: 6, 20, 132133, 390; IV: 6 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDDs. Read the entire page →
From page 545... ... Study, I: 610; II: 289-290 Cerebrovascular disease, I: 702 stroke, I: 658, 659, 660 Cervical cancer, I: 13, 505, 509, 510, 512; II: 6; III: 329, 330, 332; IV: 320-21, 324, 385 Chemical production. See Chemicals and chemical industry; Herbicides; Industrial accidents; Production workers Chemicals and chemical industry Agent Orange product liability litigation, I: 34-35 hexachlorophene production, I: 40; II: 128; IV: 134-135, 138, 148 production workers exposure studies, I: 303-318; II: 114-118, 128-135, 171-175, 182-183, 191, 193-197, 206-207, 232, 237-238, 273-274, 275; III: 170-178, 218, 219-224, 284, 363-364, 378-379, 386-387, 420, 423, 426, 429; IV: 133545 140, 194-197, 252, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 265, 266, 271, 276, 280, 285, 286, 293,296,297,301,306,307,318,319, 325, 327, 333, 334, 338, 343, 344, 348, 349, 353, 354, 360, 368, 374, 381, 382 TCDD contamination in production, I: 91, 126 See also Herbicides; Industrial accidents Che more cep ti on characteristics of, I: 133- 134 dioxin-responsive enhancers in, I: 135-136 estrogen-mediated, I: 145 TCDD dose-response linearity, I: 137- 138 TCDD hepatotoxicity and, I: 154-155 TCDD-induced wasting syndrome and, I: 164 See also Ah receptor Child mortality studies, II: 147 See also Deaths; Mortality studies Children spine bifida in Vietnam veterans offspring, II: 9-10, 296, 298, 309; III: 7, 8, 9-10, 21, 24-25, 437-438 See also Child mortality studies; Children, cancer In Children, cancer in, I: 14, 594-595, 628-631; II: 7, 11, 20; IV: 399-400, 417-420, 422, 425-426, 427, 428, 432 epidemiologic studies, II: 299 epidemiology, II: 298; IV: 422-425 herbicide association in, II: 299-300 scientific literature update, II: 299-300; IV: 418-422 Seveso, Italy, study, II: 299; IV: 428 Vietnam veterans' offspring, II: 299; IV: 426, 429 See also Wilm's tumor China, I: 458; II: 188, 320; III: 159, 289; IV: 273 See also Shanghai, China Chloracne, I: 39 animal studies, I: 173-174; III: 480 biological plausibility, II: 320-321; III: 480; IV: 466 chemical production workers and, I: 308, 310, 316; IV: 464, 466 clinical features, I: 672-673 diet and, I: 174; IV: 463-464 epidemiologic studies, I: 674-678; II: 318320; III: 479-480; IV: 135- 136, 138139, 147, 152, 186, 189, 194, 233 epidemiology, II: 317-318; III: 478-479 Read the entire page →
From page 546... ... See U.S. Coast Guard Cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders epidemiologic studies, II: 148, 307-308; III: 468-469 herbicide association in, I: 657-658; II: 7, 11, 20, 307-309; III: 468-469; IV: 441-443 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 651-653; II: 148 herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: 649-651 scientific literature update, II: 307-308; III: 469; IV: 441-442 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 653-656; II: 308 See also Encephalopathy; Neurasthenia; Neurobehavioral toxicity; Neurological disorders; Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Read the entire page →
From page 547... ... See 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Data sources Agent Orange Registry, I: 20, 53, 56, 729; II: 153 agricultural/forestry worker studies, I: 265266, 318-341; IV: 140-142 animal studies, I: 111-114, 228 biological stored samples as, I: 20-21, 729730 Cancerlit, IV: 253 case reports, I: 235-236 Centers for Disease Control studies, I: 387391; II: 113, 155-156; III: 207-209, 218, 240; IV: 133, 156-157 chemical production workers, I: 303-318; IV: 134-140 computerized data bases, I: 735-736; II: 2425, 31 Department of Veterans Affairs epidemiologic studies, I: 393-399; II: 152, 153; III: 209-212, 218, 240-243; IV: 151, 157-158 epidemiologic controlled studies, I: 228237; II: 150-153 epidemiologic studies as, I: 737-738 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 267-269, 372-375, 383-384; IV: 147150 herbicide exposure reconstruction model, I: 725-726 herbicide non-military exposures, I: 4-5, 222-223, 241-242 herbicide/pesticide applicators, I: 266-267, 323-326; IV: 142-143 HERBS tapes, I: 20, 62, 85, 96-98, 273279, 287, 291, 602, 725; III: 146, 148; IV: 123, 125 International Register of Workers Exposed to Phenoxy Herbicides and Their Contaminants, I: 313-314; IV: 137 mandated efforts, I: 20-21 Medline, IV: 252 organization of, I: 737 paper/pulp mill workers, I: 341, 364; IV: 114, 134 presentations/reports to committee, I: 739756; II: 343-348; III: 533-536 randomized controlled trials, I: 227-228 reproductive outcomes, I: 593-595 Read the entire page →
From page 548... ... , IV: 120 Demographic data, Vietnam veterans, I: 79, 8084 DEN. See Diethylnitrosamine Denmark, I: 317, 443, 444, 454, 463, 477, 480, 509, 510, 537, 553, 565, 567; II: 131134, 139-140, 183, 194-195, 207, 209210, 212, 215, 232, 238; III: 223, 224, 307, 313, 318, 325, 330-331; IV: 199200, 209, 252, 406, 408 Cancer Registry, III: 232 Central Population Register, II: 133, 139, 224; III: 352 Danish National Institute for Social Research, II: 140 National Cancer Register, II: 133, 139, 215, 224; III: 325, 352; IV: 144 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Read the entire page →
From page 549... ... Depressive disorders, I: 650, 651 See also Cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders; Neurobehavioral toxicity Dermal toxicity TCDD and, II: 76; III: 73-74; IV: 76 Desiccant herbicides, I: 88-89; III: 136 See also Herbicides Detroit, Michigan, II: 241; III: 229 549 Developmental disorders 2,4-D in, I: 180- 181; II: 42; III: 46 2,4,5-T in, I: 185; II: 42, 49-50 cacodylic acid in, I: 189; II: 42 neurological, I: 660 picloram in, I: 192; II: 42 TCDD in, I: 123-124, 149, 156-157, 159160, 185; II: 3, 41-42, 71, 72-73; III: 92- 105 See also Low birthweight Diabetes mellitus, I: 683-685, 691, 692, 698; II: 7; IV: 481 biologic plausibility, III: 502-503; IV: 488 diagnostic criteria, III: 493, 494 epidemiologic concerns, III: 494 epidemiologic studies, II: 330-331; III: 494502; IV: 182, 232 epidemiology, II: 330; III: 491-492, 493 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 497; IV: 484-485 herbicide exposure and, II: 332-333; III: 2, 11-12, 125, 494-503; IV: 152 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 496; IV: 483-484 pathogenetic diversity of, III: 494 peripheral neuropathy and, relationship, III: 471 -472 prevalence, data by age/race/gender, III: 492 scientific literature update, II: 330-331; III: 496, 497; IV: 483 Type 2 (adult-onset) , IV: 1, 8, 16-18, 21, 150-151, 182-183 Vietnam veterans and, II: 330; III: 2, 11-12, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502; IV: 154-156, 485-487 Diamond Shamrock Corporation, I: 34, 35 Diazinon, I: 91 Dibenzofurans, I: 126; IV: 41, 64, 138 Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) Read the entire page →
From page 550... ... See Metabolic and digestive disorders Dimethylarsenic radical bladder hyperplasia and tumors associated with, IV: 31, 40 cacodylic acid and formation of, II: 4 Dinoxol, I: 91; III: 137; IV: 119 Dioxin. See Dioxin congeners; Dioxinresponsive enhancers; Dioxin toxic equivalent factors (Teq factors) Read the entire page →
From page 551... ... 551 Environmental herbicide exposure accidental exposures, I: 364-365, 368-370; II: 141-143, 144, 148; IV: 114-116 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy and, II: 312-313 agricultural areas exposure, I: 372-375 Alsea, Oregon, I: 39, 42-43, 372-373, 598; II: 149 assessment strategies, I: 262-263, 267-270; III: 144-145, 156-157 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: 323 birth defects and, I: 608-609; II: 140, 287288; III: 437 birthweight, low, and, III: 459 bladder cancer and, I: 516-517; III: 349, 350-351 bone cancer and, III: 303, 305 brain tumors and, I: 523; III: 358, 361 breast cancer and, III: 328 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218 cancer risk factor, I: 442 cancer studies, I: 442, 444, 454-455, 469; II: 147-148, 179-180, 184 chloracne and, I: 676-677 circulatory disorders and, I: 701-702 diabetes and, III: 497 epidemiologic studies, I: 3, 301, 365-384, 469; II: 3, 6-7, 140-149; III: 197-205, 218, 232-236, 271-272, 275, 277, 279281, 283, 285, 287-288, 290, 291, 297298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388-389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: 147150, 224-231, 254 evidentiary role of research on, I: 4-5, 222223, 241-242 female reproductive system cancers and, I: 511; III: 333 gastrointestinal tract tumors and, II: 179180; III: 271-272, 275, 277, 279-281; IV: 254 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 454-455; II: 184, 185, 186; III: 283, 285, 287-288; IV; 269 Hodgkin's disease and, II: 236; III: 373, 375; IV; 366 immune modulation and, I: 693-694 infant death and, III: 456 Read the entire page →
From page 552... ... , II: 32; III: 29 TCDD cancer potency estimate, I: 138 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 41; III: 234; IV: 148 INDEX Vietnam military use of herbicides, response, II: 32; III: 29-30, 136 Enzyme induction liver, I: 155-156 lung, I: 170 porphyria, I: 153-154 TCDD and, II: 3, 66-67 EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency Epidemiologic studies acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy, II: 312-314 aging effects control, II: 261-262; III: 409 agricultural/forestry workers, I: 318-323, 326-341; II: 118-120, 135-137, 183, 197-198, 232-234, 238-239, 241-243; III: 178-195, 224-232, 335, 364-365, 379-380, 387-388; IV: 134, 140, 144145, 197-206 Air Force personnel involved in herbicide spraying, II: 31-32; III: 28-29; IV: 232235 altered sperm parameters, I: 632; III: 445449, 450 amyloidosis, IV: 512 autoimmunity, I: 697-698; II: 7; III: 488491 basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 317322, 323 birth defects, I: 607-618; II: 7, 140, 286296; III: 436, 437-438, 443; IV: 400405 bladder cancer, I: 515-517; II: 7, 225-227; III: 7, 10, 347-351; IV: 340-342 bone cancer, I: 472-473; II: 6, 204-205; III: 7, 10, 303-305; IV: 288-289 brain tumors, I: 523; II: 7, 136, 229-230; III: 8, 12, 356-361; IV: 351-352 breast cancer, II: 6, 176, 213-217, 218; III: 7, 10, 324-328; IV: 315-316 cancer, I: 45, 59, 317, 320-323, 367, 383384, 391-393, 401, 402-403, 435-445, 574; II: 133-138, 147-148, 175, 176; III: 265-266 cancer latency issues, II: 260-276; III: 407431 case-control studies, I: 326-341; II: 94-95, 118-127, 138-140, 144-146, 148-149, 155, 157, 159-160, 183-184, 186-187, 188, 190, 193, 200, 222-223, 240-241; III: 173, 175, 185-195, 201-204, 208217, 228-232; IV: 143-146, 207-220, 227-231, 236-245, 247 Read the entire page →
From page 553... ... INDEX cervical cancer, III: 332 chemical industry production workers, I: 303-318; II: 114-118, 128-135, 191, 193-197, 206-207, 232, 237-238; III: 170-178, 218, 219-224, 363-364, 378379, 386-387; IV: 134-140, 182-197 childhood cancer, I: 628-630; II: 7, 299-300 chloracne, I: 674-678; II: 5, 6, 318-320; III: 6, 7, 479-480 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: 310-311 circulatory disorders, I: 700-707; II: 7, 335337; III: 8, 514-518; IV: 510 cleft lip/palate, I: 373-374, 375 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders, II: 7, 307-308; III: 468-469 cohort studies, I: 229-232; II: 105- 109, 135138, 141-147, 154-160, 178, 179, 180, 182-183, 186, 187, 190, 192-193, 204, 218, 222, 240; III: 170-185, 196, 197200, 206-208, 217; IV: 140-143, 182206, 222-230, 232-247 colon cancer, I: 12, 328-329, 576-577; II: 7; III: 8, 276-278 congressionally mandated, I: 50; II: 5 controlled observational, I: 228 cost of, I: 727 cross-sectional studies, IV: 187, 188, 196, 197, 199, 204, 226, 228, 229, 238, 242 cytogenetic studies, III: 365-366 developmental studies: 196, 227, 229, 231, 242 diabetes mellitus, I: 684-685; II: 7, 330331; III: 494-502; IV: 482, 488-492 ecological design studies, IV: 231 evaluation of, I: 300-301, 591-592, 737738; II: 5, 93-94; III: 129- 130 evidentiary role of, I: 224-225, 228-237, 300, 305; II: 175, 176; III: 265, 266; IV: 104-105 female reproductive system/breast cancers, I: 508-511; II: 6, 211-213; III: 7, 10, 330-334 gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 446-447; II: 7, 177-181; III: 8, 12, 268-281 gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691; II: 334; III: 510-513; IV: 505 hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 686-688 hepatobiliary cancers, I: 453-455; II: 6, 176, 181-187; III: 7, 10, 282-288 553 herbicide environmental exposures, I: 365384; II: 140-149, 189, 190, 193, 200201, 207-208, 218, 221, 222, 234, 236, 241, 243, 287-288, 297, 306, 312-313; III: 197-205, 218, 232-236, 275, 277, 279-281, 283, 285, 287-288, 290, 291, 297-298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350-351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388-389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: 147-149, 224-231, 255, 269, 274-275, 278, 282-283, 289, 293, 294, 302-303, 315-316, 321-322, 329, 336, 341, 347, 351-352, 357, 366, 372-373, 379 herbicide exposure assessment for, I: 251259; II: 99- 109; III: 142- 146 herbicide exposure indices development, II: 107-109 herbicide exposure levels, II: 175 herbicide exposure reconstruction model and, I: 725, 726-728 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 107-108, 112, 113-140, 188-189, 190, 191-199, 206-207, 214-216, 218, 219220, 222, 232-234, 235-236, 237-243, 286-287, 297, 306, 312; III: 170-196, 218, 219-232, 274-280, 282-283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293-294, 296-297, 300301, 303, 305, 308-309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332-333, 335336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 360, 363-365, 367-369, 372373, 374-375, 378-380, 381-382, 386388, 391-392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 483-485, 489, 491, 496, 510512, 515-516, 520; IV: 134-143, 182223, 251-254, 268-269, 274, 277-278, 282, 288-289, 292-293, 302, 321, 327329, 336, 340-341, 346, 351, 356, 365366, 372, 379 herbicide/pesticide applicators, I: 323-326; II: 31-32, 120-122, 137-138, 198-200; III: 182-185, 226-228; IV: 202-206 Hodgkin's disease, I: 9, 329, 331, 335-336, 341, 384, 391, 393, 549-556, 574; II: 5, 6, 138, 235-236; III: 6, 7, 372-376 immune modulation, I: 693-696 immune system disorders, II: 7, 327-329; III: 488-491; IV: 480-481 infant death, III: 456 Read the entire page →
From page 554... ... 554 INDEX infertility, I: 632-633; II: 7, 280-282; III: 445-449, 450 kidney cancer, I: 515; II: 7, 139-140, 224225; III: 352-355 laryngeal cancer, II: 202-203; III: 293-295 latency (cancer) issues, II: 260-276; III: 407-431 leukemia, I: 13, 332-333, 334-335, 564571, 577-578; II: 7, 136, 245-247; III: 7, 10, 385-390, 391-392; IV: 379-380 limitations, I: 4, 223 lipid abnormalities, I: 688-690; II: 7, 333334; III: 504-506, 520-521; IV: 493, 495 liver cancer, I: 13, 329, 391, 393 liver toxicity, II: 332-333; III: 510-513; IV: 499 low birthweight, I: 626-627; II: 7; III: 456457, 459 lung cancer, III: 296-298, 300-301; IV: 282-283 melanoma, III: 313-317 meta-analysis, I: 225, 237-238, 242-243, 244 metabolic and digestive disorders, II: 7, 330-337 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 658-661; II: 7, 309-310; III: 469-470 multiple myeloma, I: 11-12, 331, 334, 335, 336, 341, 557-563, 576; II: 6, 138-139, 176, 237-244; III: 7, 8, 9, 377-383 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 459; II: 6, 176, 187-189; III: 7, 10, 290-291 neonatal death, III: 455 neural tube defects numbers, II: 297 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 305-308, 309311, 312-314; III: 457 neurological disorders, I: 365-366, 642-648; II: 141 neuropsychiatric disorders, I: 649-657; II: 7, 148; III: 468-469 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333-334, 335-338, 383, 384, 391-393, 401, 528-548, 573-574; II: 5, 6, 134-135, 136, 138, 139, 231-234; III: 6, 7, 362-371, 428-430; IV: 356-358 NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 ovarian cancer, III: 333 pancreatic cancer, III: 280-281 paper/pulp workers, II: 126-127, 200, 243; III: 196, 232; IV: 134, 252 perinatal death, I: 620-624; II: 7, 285-286; III: 451-453, 454, 455, 456 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 662666; II: 6, 7, 310-311, 312-314; III: 7, 8, 470-471, 473 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 680-682; II: 5, 6, 129, 321-323; III: 7, 8, 481-482 proportionate mortality studies, I: 232-233 prostate cancer, I: 11, 518-519, 575-576; II: 6, 176, 219-223; III: 7, 8, 9, 335-342, 426-428; IV: 327-329 Ranch Hand cohort, II: 31, 32, 109, 150152, 154-156, 201, 209, 280, 283-284, 286, 293-295, 321-322, 330, 332, 336; III: 28-29, 218, 206-207, 237-240, 309310,313-314,318,321,322,339,340, 385, 436, 438, 439, 446-447, 449, 452453, 457-458, 481, 486, 495, 498, 502; IV: 13, 232-235 rare diseases in, I: 231, 499 recommendations, I: 15-20, 721-725, 731; II: 24-25; III: 23 rectal cancer, III: 278-279 reproductive outcomes, I: 41-42, 311-312, 321, 364-365, 368, 370, 371-375, 387388, 389-390, 591-592; II: 280-282, 283-284, 285, 286-296; III: 436, 437438, 443, 445-449, 450, 451-453, 454, 455, 456-457, 459; IV: 401-402, 406407, 410-411 resolution in, I: 242-243; IV: 513 respiratory cancers, I: 10-11, 364, 461-472, 575; II: 6, 176, 189-203; III: 7, 8, 9, 418, 420-426; IV: 273, 278, 282, 284 respiratory disease, I: 709-713; II: 7, 324326; III: 483-486; IV: 475 Seveso, Italy, population studies, I: 44-45, 365-368, 444, 454-455, 469, 491-492, 503, 511, 517, 523, 540, 568-570, 571, 598-599; II: 141-143, 148, 200-201, 206, 207-208, 209, 210, 211-212, 213, 216, 221, 225, 226-227, 228, 230, 234, 236, 243, 245, 246, 287, 299-300, 312313; III: 197-200, 218, 232-233, 283, 285, 290, 296, 297-298, 299, 303, 307, 309, 314, 318, 324-326, 327, 330, 331, 332, 336, 338, 344, 348, 349, 352, 353, 356, 358, 363, 365, 372, 373, 380, 385, 386, 388-389, 390, 408, 414, 420, 422, 427, 436, 449, 495, 505; IV: 114-115, 464, 468, 472-475, 484, 487, 491, 501, 507, 509 Read the entire page →
From page 555... ... INDEX skin cancer, I: 502-503; II: 7, 209-211; III: 8, 10, 312-313; IV: 302-303 soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 8, 311, 326-328, 329330, 335-336, 337, 339-340, 384, 391, 393, 395-396, 401, 403, 476, 477-500, 572-573, 574; II: 5, 6, 132, 134-135, 205-208; III: 6, 7, 306-311; IV: 116, 292-296 sperm abnormal parameters, II: 7; III: 445449, 450 spine bifida, II: 6; III: 7, 8, 9-10, 437-438; IV: 404-405 spontaneous abortion, I: 42, 336-337, 372373, 405-406, 596-605; II: 7, 283-284; IV: 410-411 state-sponsored, I: 399-405, 495-496, 546; II: 153, 158-159, 161, 202, 292; III: 213-215, 243-244 stillbirth, III: 454 stomach cancer, III: 274-275; IV: 251-255 strength of evidence in assessment of, I: 238-241 TCDD biomarkers, I: 259-262; II: 101- 105, 318 testicular cancer, I: 405, 519; II: 7, 153, 227-228; III: 7, 10, 343-346; IV: 336 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 368-370; II: 144; III: 200-201, 218, 234, 283; IV: 115116, 133, 148 usefulness of, IV: 103-108 uterine cancer, III: 333; IV: 321-324 Vietnam environmental herbicide exposure, II: 144-145; III: 201-202, 218, 234, 283 Vietnam veterans in, I: 50, 57-59, 62-63, 384-418; II: 149-161, 189, 190, 201202, 204, 205, 208, 209, 212, 213, 216, 217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236, 244, 245, 246, 278, 283, 285, 286, 288-296, 299, 300-301, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314, 317, 318, 321-322, 323, 330, 332, 333, 336; III: 206-217, 236-245, 275, 277-278, 279, 281, 283, 285-286, 288, 290, 291, 294-295, 298, 301, 303, 305,309-310,312,316,317,323,326, 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 343344, 345-346, 349, 351, 353, 355, 358359, 361, 363, 365, 370-371, 372, 373, 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, 435, 436, 437-438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 456, 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 473, 475, 555 479, 480, 481, 482, 485-486, 489, 491, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505-506, 512513, 516-518, 523; IV: 150-160, 232247, 255, 269, 275, 278, 282-283, 289, 294-295, 303-304, 309-310, 316, 322323, 329, 336-337, 342, 347, 352, 357358, 366-367, 373, 380 Vietnamese in, I: 370-372, 599-601; II: 108-109, 144-145, 148, 287-288; III: 217, 245, 283; IV: 116-117, 227-228 See also Epidemiology; Exposure assessment Epidemiology acute lymphocytic leukemia, III: 383 acute myeloid leukemia, III: 383-384 birth defects, I: 606; II: 286; III: 435-436 bladder cancer, II: 223; III: 347 bone cancer, I: 472-473; II: 204; III: 302 brain tumors, I: 522-523; II: 228-229; III: 356 breast cancer, I: 505, 506-507; II: 213-214; III: 322, 324 cancer, I: 433, 435-438, 442, 525; II: 175; III: 265-266 children, cancer in, II: 298 chloracne, II: 317-318; III: 478-479 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, III: 384-385 chronic myeloid leukemia, III: 385 circulatory disorders, III: 514 diabetes mellitus, II: 330; III: 491-492, 493 female reproductive system cancers, I: 505, 506-508; II: 211; III: 329-330 gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers, I: 445447; II: 177; III: 267-268 gastrointestinal ulcers, II: 334; III: 508-509 hepatobiliary cancers, I: 452-455; II: 181182; III: 282 Hodgkin's disease, I: 526, 527-528; II: 231; III: 371-372 Immune system disorders, II: 326-327; III: 487-488 infertility, II: 279; III: 444-445 kidney cancer, I: 513, 514; II: 223; III: 351352 laryngeal cancer, III: 292 leukemia, I: 564; II: 245; III: 383-385 lipid abnormalities, II: 333; III: 503-504 liver disorders, II: 331-332; III: 509-510 low birthweight, I: 625-626; III: 454, 455, 456 lung cancer, III: 295-296 Read the entire page →
From page 556... ... , I: 153, 155; II: 52, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 74; III: 40, 42, 51, 52, 53, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 91, 96; IV: 386 Europe, III: 108, 308, 471 European registry, II: 197 Evidence of herbicide association. See Herbicide association, insufficient evidence for determining; Herbicide INDEX association, limited/suggestive evidence; Herbicide association, limited/ suggestive negative evidence; Herbicide association, sufficient evidence Executive Order 11850, II: 27; III: 25 Experimental studies, evaluation of, II: 92-93 Exposure assessment. Read the entire page →
From page 557... ... tract cancers biologic plausibility, I: 451; III: 281-282; IV: 256 epidemiologic studies, III: 268-273, 274281; IV: 251-255 epidemiology, I: 445-447; II: 177; III: 267268 herbicide association in, I: 12, 447-451, 576-577; II: 7, 12, 21, 177-180, 250; III: 8, 12, 21, 268-282 herbicide environmental exposure and, II: 179-180; III: 271-272, 275, 277-278, 279, 280-281; IV: 254 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 178-179; III: 268-271, 274-275, 276277, 278-279, 280; IV: 251 incidence, data by type/gender/race/selected age group, III: 267; IV: 250 pancreatic cancer, epidemiologic studies, III: 280-281; IV: 250-254, 256, 385-386 557 rectal cancer, epidemiologic studies, III: 278-279; IV: 250-251, 255-256, 262n, 264n, 385 scientific literature update, II: 178-180; III: 268-273; IV 251-255 Vietnam veterans and, I: 446, 452; II: 177, 180, 181; III: 272-273, 275, 277-278, 279, 281; IV: 255 See also Colon cancer; Colorectal cancer; Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders GBDS. Read the entire page →
From page 558... ... General Services Administration, I: 77 Genetic alteration 2,4-D in, I: 119, 178- 179 2,4,5-Tin,I:119,184 cacodylic acid in, I: 119, 187- 188 cancer mechanism, I: 433-434 picloram in, I: 191 reproductive outcomes, male-mediated, I: 593-594 TCDD in, I: 118, 142, 143- 144, 439 Genetic factors Ah receptor-mediated events and, I: 134 cancer risk and, I: 10; IV: 249, 273, 300, 364, 386 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 10, 679 Genetics. See Cytogenetics; Genetic alteration; Genetic factors Geneva Protocol, I: 45; II: 27; III: 25 Genitourinary cancers, II: 223-224 See also Bladder cancer; Kidney cancer; Prostate cancer; Testicular cancer Georgia. Read the entire page →
From page 559... ... , II: 63, 75-76, 77; III: 71, 72, 82 Hepatitis B infection, I: 453 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) , II: 182, 183 Hepatitis C infection, I: 453 Hepatitis C virus, II: 182 Hepatobiliary cancers biologic plausibility, III: 286, 288 epidemiologic studies, III: 282-288; IV: 268-269 epidemiology, I: 452-455; II: 181-182; III: 282 herbicide association and, I: 13, 577; II: 2, 6, 11, 12, 20, 89, 182-187, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 282-288 herbicide environmental exposure and, II: 184; III: 283, 285, 287-288; IV: 269 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 182-184; III: 282-283, 284, 287; IV: 268-269 incidence, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 282; IV: 267 Read the entire page →
From page 560... ... 560 risk estimates, II: 186- 187 scientific literature update, III: 284-286; IV: 268 TCDD and, IV: 77 Vietnam veterans and, II: 181, 185, 187; III: 283, 285-286, 288; IV: 269 See also Liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma, II: 148; IV: 149 Hepatotoxicity TCDD and, II: 3, 73-75; III: 76-79; IV: 23, 71,77 Herbicide application methods military early research, I: 25-26 Operation Ranch Hand use, I: 85-87; III: 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 Vietnam use, I: 1, 3, 24, 27, 74, 85-87, 9496; III: 135-142 See also Aerial spraying; Ground/perimeter spraying; Herbicides; Professional herbicide/pesticide applicators Herbicide association, insufficient evidence for determining altered sperm parameters and, I: 14, 634; II: 7, 20; III: 449, 458; IV: 7 amyloidosis, IV: 7 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: 322, 393; IV: 311 basis for finding of, I: 13, 247, 577; II: 6-7, 11-12, 20-21, 22, 97, 249-250; III: 7-8, 10-12, 21, 133, 393 birth defects and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, 20, 298, 300; III: 444, 458; IV: 7 bladder cancer and, III: 7, 10, 132, 349, 351, 393; IV: 7, 19 bone cancer and, I: 13, 473-474, 577; II: 6, 20, 205; III: 7, 10, 304, 393; IV: 7 breast cancer and, II: 217; III: 7, 10, 327, 393; IV: 7 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy, II: 311, 314; IV: 7 circulatory disorders and, I: 14, 708; II: 7, 21, 337; III: 518, 522; IV: 7 cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders and, I: 14, 657-658; II: 7, 20, 308-309, 314; III: 473-474; IV: 441 diabetes mellitus and, I: 14, 691; II: 7, 21, 335; III: 503, 522 female reproductive system/breast cancers and, I: 13, 14, 512, 577; II: 6, 20, 213; III: 7, 10, 332, 334, 393; IV: 7 gastrointestinal tract ulcers and, I: 14, 691; II: 335; III: 513, 522 INDEX genitourinary tract cancers and, I: 13, 521, 577 hepatic enzyme abnormalities and, I: 14, 691 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 13, 577; II: 6, 20, 187; III: 7, 10, 286, 393; IV: 7 immune system disorders and, I: 14, 699; II: 7, 21, 329; III: 491, 522; IV: 7 infertility and, I: 14, 634; II: 7, 282, 300; III: 449, 458; IV: 7 leukemia and, I: 13, 571, 577-578; II: 7, 20, 247; III: 7, 10, 390, 393; IV: 7, 198 lipid abnormalities and, I: 14, 691; II: 7, 21, 335; III: 507, 522 liver cancer and, I: 13, 457, 577 liver toxicity and, II: 335; III: 513, 522 low birthweight and, I: 14, 627; II: 7, 20; III: 458; IV: 7 melanoma and, III: 316 metabolic and digestive disorders and, II: 334-335; IV: 7 motor/coordination dysfunction and, I: 14, 661; II: 7, 21, 310, 314; III: 474; IV: 7 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 13, 460, 577; II: 6, 20, 189; III: 7, 10, 292, 393; IV: 7 neonatal/infant deaths and stillbirths, IV: 7 neurobehavioral disorders, II: 314; III: 473474 neuropsychiatric outcomes and, I: 14, 657, 666; II: 7, 20, 308-309, 314; III: 473474; IV: 7 perinatal death and, I: 14, 624; II: 7, 20, 285-286, 300; III: 453, 458 peripheral nervous system disorders and, I: 14, 666; II: 21; III: 474 renal cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 20, 225; III: 7, 10, 355, 393; IV: 7 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 respiratory disorders and, I: 14, 713; II: 7, 21, 325; III: 486, 522; IV: 7 skin cancers, II: 210-211; III: 8, 10, 21, 393; IV: 7, 19 spontaneous abortions and, I: 14, 605; II: 7, 20, 284, 300; IV: 7 testicular cancer and, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 20, 228; III: 7, 10, 346, 393; IV: 7 Vietnam veterans' children, cancer in, I: 14, 630; II: 7, 20, 300; IV: 7 Herbicide association, limited/suggestive evidence Read the entire page →
From page 561... ... limitations, I: 14- 15, 290-291 definition of, methodological issues, II: 4-5; III: 5-6; IV: 16, 20 Department of Veterans Affairs mortality studies, II: 101; IV: 151, 157-58; IV: 123 difficulties in, I: 14-15, 222, 247-248, 284, 286-287 dioxin congeners, recent literature, II: 106107; III: 158-159 environmental studies use, I: 262-263, 267270; III: 156-157; IV: 111, 114-116 epidemiologic studies evaluation and, II: 99-101; III: 142-146 evidentiary role of, I: 4, 15, 250-253 exposure-dose relationship, I: 252-253 ground spraying, I: 288-289; III: 138-140 historic exposure reconstruction, I: 17- 18, 19-20, 254, 255-256, 725-726, 728; III: 143 Read the entire page →
From page 562... ... See Professional herbicide/pesticide applicators Herbicides action of, I: 88 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy and, II: 2, 312-313; III: 7, 8, 473; IV: 441, 457 agricultural role of, I: 24, 35, 39, 174-175, 181 Air Force research activities, II: 31-32; III: 28-29 basal/squamous cell skin cancer association, III: 317-322, 323; IV: 311 biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92, 176, 217, 282, 298, 300; III: 2, 23, 124, 128, 281282, 286, 288, 292, 295, 302, 304, 311, 317, 322, 327, 329, 334, 343, 347, 351, 356, 362, 366, 377, 383, 390, 444, 451, 453, 458, 460-462, 467, 480, 482, 486, 491, 502-503, 507, 513-514, 518, 522525; IV: 22, 26, 29, 48, 85, 86, 249, 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 306, 311,318,322,323,331,332,337,342, 343, 348, 352, 358, 359, 367, 374, 380381, 385 birth defects association, II: 286-298; III: 436-444; IV: 403 bladder cancer association, II: 225-227; III: 7, 10, 132, 347-351; IV: 342 bone cancer association, II: 204-205; III: 7, 10, 303-305; IV: 289 brain tumors association, II: 229-230; III: 8, 12, 356-362; IV: 352 breast cancer association, II: 213-217; III: 7, 10, 324-329; IV: 318 cancer latency issues, II: 2, 13-14, 175, 260-276; III: 3, 12-14, 407-431; IV: 289 Read the entire page →
From page 563... ... 184, 186, 189, 190, 193, 200-201, 221, 222, 234, 236, 241, 243, 287-288, 306, 312-313; II: 271-272, 275, 277, 279281; III: 197-205, 218, 232-236, 283, 285, 287-288, 290, 291, 297-298, 301, 303, 305, 309, 316, 323, 328, 333, 336, 338, 342, 344, 345, 349, 350-351, 353, 354, 358, 361, 365, 369, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388-389, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 497, 520; IV: 249, 254-255, 258, 261, 263, 266, 269, 271, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282, 286, 289, 291, 293, 297, 302. 305-306, 309, 312, 314-316, 319, 321, 323, 325-326, 328-329, 334, 336, 338, 341, 344, 347, 349, 351, 354, 356357, 361, 366, 369, 372, 375, 379, 382383 563 Environmental Protection Agency research activities, II: 32; III: 29-30 evidence insufficient for determining association in health outcomes, I: 13-14, 19, 247, 457, 460, 473-474, 512, 521, 571, 577-578, 605, 618, 624, 627, 630, 634, 657, 666, 691, 699, 708, 713, 727; II: 7, 11-12, 20-21, 22, 97, 181-187, 189, 205, 210-211, 213, 217, 225, 228, 247, 282, 284, 285-286, 298, 300, 308309, 310, 311, 314, 325, 329, 334-335, 337; III: 7-8, 10-12, 21, 132, 133, 286, 292, 304, 316, 322, 327, 332, 334, 346, 349, 351, 355, 390, 393, 444, 449, 453, 458, 473-474, 486, 491, 503, 507, 513, 518, 522; IV: 268, 270, 274, 275, 279, 288,289,302,305,308,311,314,318, 321, 323, 329, 336, 337, 342, 348, 374, 380, 384, 400, 403, 406, 407, 410-414, 416, 418, 424, 425, 426, 430-432, 441443, 448, 454-457, 475, 480, 495, 500, 505,506,510,512,514 evidence limited/suggestive of association in health outcomes, I: 10-12, 19, 247, 472, 519-521, 563, 574-576, 727; II: 6, 8-10, 20, 22, 97, 203, 223, 244, 298, 300, 314, 323; III: 7, 8-10, 20-21, 133, 295, 299, 340, 342, 383, 393, 444, 458, 474, 482, 519; IV: 7 evidence of no association in health outcomes, I: 12-13, 224, 247, 447-451, 503, 521, 525, 576-577; II: 7, 12-13, 21, 22, 97, 181, 227, 230; III: 8, 12, 21-22, 133, 268, 273, 282, 359, 393-394, 522; IV: 251, 256, 340, 351, 352, 385, 514 evidence sufficient of association in health outcomes, I: 8-10, 246-247, 500, 548, 556-557, 572-574, 678, 682; II: 5, 6, 8, 19, 20, 21, 97, 208, 234, 236, 320; III: 6, 7, 8, 20, 132-133, 311, 366, 373, 374, 390, 392, 480, 519; IV: 6 exposure assessment issues, II: 4-5, 99-109; III: 5-6, 135-162 federal government response to concerns over military use of in Vietnam, II: 2732; III: 25-30 female reproductive cancers association, II: 211-213; III: 7, 10, 330-334 gastrointestinal tract cancers association, II: 177-181; III: 8, 12, 268-282; IV: 256 Read the entire page →
From page 564... ... 564 INDEX gastrointestinal ulcers association, II: 334335; III: 510-514 hepatobiliary cancer and, II: 2, 176, 181187; III: 7, 10, 282-288; IV: 270 Hodgkin's disease association, II: 235-236; III: 6, 7, 372-376; IV: 367 immune system disorders and, II: 327-329; III: 3, 488-491; IV: 480 immunotoxicity, I: 122-123 infertility association, II: 280-282; III: 445451; IV: 407 International Agency for Research on Cancer research activities, III: 30; IV: 17, 133, 137-139, 252 laryngeal cancer and, II: 202-203; III: 292295; IV: 279 latency and cancer risk, II: 13-14, 175, 260276; III: 3, 12-14, 265, 407-431 leukemia association, II: 245-246; III: 7, 10, 385-390, 391-392; IV: 380 lipid abnormalities association, II: 333-335; III: 504-508, 520-521; IV: 495 liver toxicity association, II: 332-333, 334335; III: 510-514; IV: 505 low birthweight and, III: 456-458, 459; IV: 416 lung cancer and, III: 296-302, 421, 422, 423, 424; IV: 284 mechanism of action, II: 36; III: 33, 38, 44, 47-48, 49-50, 53-71 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 37 melanoma association, III: 313-317; IV: 306 metabolic and digestive disorders association, II: 330-335; III: 3 military research and development, I: 25-26 military (U.S.) use ban, I: 32, 45 motor/coordination dysfunction and, II: 309-310; III: 469-470 multiple myeloma assocation, II: 237-244; III: 7, 8, 9, 377-383; IV: 512 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, II: 2, 176, 187-189; III: 7, 10, 290-292; IV: 275 neural tube defects associated with herbicides, numbers, II: 297 neurobehavioral disorders and, II: 305, 306, 314; III: 3, 467, 468, 473-476; IV: 457 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma association, II: 231-234; III: 6, 7, 362-371, 428-430; IV: 358 occupational exposure settings, I: 36-38; III: 150-156 occupational exposure studies, II: 113-140, 182-184, 186, 188-189, 190, 191-200, 214-216, 219-220, 222, 232-234, 235236, 237-243, 286-287, 306, 312; III: 170-196, 218, 219-232, 268-271, 274281, 282-283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293294, 296-297, 300-301, 303, 305, 308309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332-333, 335-336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 357-358, 360, 363-365, 367-369, 372-373, 374375, 378-380, 381-382, 386-388, 391392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 483-485, 489, 491, 496, 510-512, 515516, 520; IV: 114, 249, 251, 253, 255257, 259, 262, 265, 268, 270-271, 273274, 276-282, 285, 288-290, 292, 296, 300-303, 305-307, 309, 312, 315, 317318, 321, 324-325, 327-329, 331-333, 336, 338, 340-342, 346-348, 351, 353, 356, 358-361, 364-365, 368-369, 371374, 377, 379, 381, 383 Operation Ranch Hand volume use, data by herbicide type, III: 136 ovarian cancer association, III: 333 perinatal death association, II: 285-286; III: 451-454, 455, 456; IV: 413 porphyria cutanea tarda association, II: 321323; III: 7, 8, 481-482; IV: 468 preterm birth and, III: 456-458, 459 prostate cancer association, II: 2, 176, 217223, 273-275; III: 7, 8, 9, 335-343, 426428; IV, 10 renal cancer association, II: 224-225; III: 7, 10, 352-356; IV: 348 reproductive toxicity, I: 124; II: 278-301; III: 434-435 research recommendations, II: 23-24; III: 23; IV: 13 respiratory cancers and, II: 189-203, 268273; III: 7, 8, 9, 418, 420-426 respiratory disorders association, II: 335337; III: 3, 483-486 skin cancers association, II: 209-211; III: 8, 10, 312; IV: 305 soft-tissue sarcomas association, II: 205208; III: 6, 7, 306-311; IV: 384 spontaneous abortions association, II: 283284; IV: 411 Read the entire page →
From page 565... ... ; 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) HERBS tapes, I: 20, 97-98, 602, 725; II: 108109; IV: 123, 125 contents, I: 96-97, 273 deficiencies, I: 97, 104-105 exposure assessment use, I: 273-279, 287, 291; III: 146, 148 source of, I: 62, 85, 96 Hercules, Inc., I: 35 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl (HxCB) Read the entire page →
From page 566... ... See International Labor Organization Immune system disorders 2,4-D toxicity, I: 181; II: 41; III: 46, 524; IV: 197 cell-mediated immunity, II: 69-70 cellular immunity, I: 147 endocrine system and, I: 150-151 epidemiologic studies, II: 327-329; III: 488491; IV: 79, 195 epidemiology, II: 326-327; III: 487 Read the entire page →
From page 567... ... , I: 8, 12-13, 246, 264-265, 270, 313-314, 478, 479, 499, 565, 573, 577, 731; II: 101, 107, 131-135, 178-179, 196, 206, 212, 215, 220, 226, 232, 269; III: 20, 151, 175-177, 218, 222-223, 268, 269, 284, 290, 293, 296, 303, 306, 307,308,310,311,314,319,325,326, 331, 337, 344, 348, 353, 357, 364, 378, 379, 386, 422-423, 424, 425, 429, 484, 511, 516; IV: 17 herbicide exposure assessment in occupational studies, III: 151-152, 154; IV: 111, 137-139; IV: 189-194, 252, 257, 259-260, 262-263, 265, 271, 276, 280, 290, 293, 296-297, 300, 306, 312, 318-319, 324-325, 333, 338, 341, 343, 348-349, 353, 359-360, 368, 374-375, 381 Vietnam military use of herbicides, response, III: 30 International Classification of Diseases (ICD) , II: 325; III: 265; IV: 248, 249 ICD.9 cancer codes, SEER program site groupings for, III: 537-539; IV: 524-526 International Labor Organization (ILO) Read the entire page →
From page 568... ... See Intrauterine growth retardation IV Corps, I: 81, 98, 542 J Japan, II: 237; IV: 414 Job exposure matrix, I: 256 Johnston Island, I: 93 K Kansas, I: 9, 37, 335-336, 487, 490, 550; II: 231; III: 363; IV: 215, 260, 297, 361, 369, 446 Kaposi's sarcoma, I: 338, 487, 695; IV: 144, 214 See also Soft-tissue sarcoma Khe Sanh-Thonh Son Lam area, I: 96; III: 140; IV: 121 Kidney cancer biologic plausibility, III: 356; IV: 348 children and, I: 628; IV: 417, 420, 428 INDEX epidemiologic studies, I: 515; II: 224-225; III: 352-355; IV: 346-348 epidemiology, I: 513, 514; II: 223; III: 351352; IV: 345-346 herbicide association in, I: 13, 521, 577; II: 7, 11, 20, 139-140, 224-225, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 352-356; IV: 342, 346-348, 385 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 353, 354; IV: 347 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 353, 354; IV: 346 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 352; IV: 345-346 risk factors, I: 514; IV: 342, 345 scientific literature update, II: 224-225; III: 353, 355; IV: 346-347 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 522; II: 223, 224, 225; III: 353, 355; IV: 348 See also Genitourinary cancers; Wilm's tumor Kidneys 2,4-D toxicity in, I: 125, 179-180; II: 42; IV: 28, 37, 42, 43, 66, 68, 73, 76 arsenic toxicity in; IV: 39 cacolydic acid toxity in, II: 42; IV: 387 Korea, III: 240; IV: 156 Korean War, II; 150; III: 237; IV: 150 L Laos, I: 106 Laryngeal cancer, I: 461, 470-471; II: 202-203; IV: 277-280 biologic plausibility, III: 295; IV: 279 epidemiologic studies, III: 293-295; IV: 277-278, 280-281 epidemiology, III: 292; IV: 277 herbicide exposure and, III: 293-295; IV: 9, 277-278 herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: 293-294; IV: 277-278 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 292; IV: 277 larynx, IV: 6, 8, 9 scientific literature update, III: 293-294, 295; IV: 277-278 Vietnam veterans studies, III: 294-295; IV: 278 See also Respiratory cancers Read the entire page →
From page 569... ... receptors Leather tanners, I: 486, 514 Legal issues Agent Orange manufacturers' liability, I: 34-35 569 federal government liability, I: 34 South Korean Vietnam veterans, I: 62 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 41; IV: 133 Legislation epidemiologic studies on Agent Orange, II: 28; III: 26 federal, I: 45-60; III: 26-27 health care associated with Agent Orange, II: 28 Public Law 91-441, I: 47, 62 Public Law 96-151, I: 50, 52, 57; II: 28; III: 26, 240 Public Law 97-72, I: 50; II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 98- 181, I: 51 Public Law 98-542, I: 50-51; II: 28-29; III: 26-27 Public Law 99-272, I: 50; II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 100-687, I: 51 Public Law 101-239, I: 51 Public Law 102-4, I: 2, 7, 20, 21, 51, 572, 721, 728-730; II: 1, 5, 17, 19, 29, 97, 247; III: 1, 6, 14, 17, 20, 124, 132, 390, 397, 462, 475, 519, 525; IV: 1, 2, 6, 15, 103, 132, 388 Public Law 102-585, II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 103-452, II: 28; III: 26 Public Law 104- 110, III: 26 Public Law 104-204, III: 24, 26 Public Law 104-262, III: 26 Public Law 105- 114, III: 25 Veterans' Health Programs Extension and Improvement Act of 1979, III: 240 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 47, 5051, 55-56; II: 28-29; III: 26-27 Leiomyosarcomas, I: 475 See also Soft-tissue sarcoma Lethality. See Deaths Leukemia acute lymphocytic leukemia, III: 383, 384; IV: 377 acute myelogenous leukemia, IV: 417-429, 432 acute myeloid leukemia, III: 383-384; IV: 9, 377 agricultural workers and, I: 13, 332-333, 334-335, 566-568; II: 136; III: 387-388; IV: 140,143-144, 216 children and, I: 628; IV: 18, 417-424 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, III: 384385; IV: 208, 211, 377, 417, 422 Read the entire page →
From page 570... ... 570 chronic myeloid leukemia, III: 384, 385; IV: 377-378, 417 epidemiologic studies, I: 564-572; II: 136, 245-247; III: 385-390, 391-392; IV: 149, 198; IV: 379-380, 381-383, 418 422, 427-429 epidemiology, I: 564; II: 245; III: 383-385; IV: 377-378 herbicide association in, I: 13, 571, 577 578; II: 7, 11, 20, 245-247, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 385-390, 391-392; IV: 379-380, 385, 418-422 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: Listeria 388-389, 392; IV: 379, 419-420 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 386-388, 391-392; IV: 379, 418-419 incidence, data by type/race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 377 378 production workers and, I: 564-566; III: 386-387; IV: 379 pulp/paper workers and, I: 568; IV: 379 risk factors, I: 564 scientific literature update, II: 245-246; III: 386-389; IV: 379-380, 418-422 Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 13, 568-570, 571, 577; III: 385, 386, 388-389, 390; IV: 379 TCDD biologic plausibility in, I: 571; III: 390; IV: 380-381, 426 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 564, 570, 571 572; II: 245, 246; IV: 381, 426 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 385, 386, 389, 392; IV: 373, 380, 420-422 Leydig cells, II: 71, 279; III: 445; IV: 405 LH. See Luteinizing hormone Lindane, I: 91 Lipid and Lipoprotein Disorders, I: 688-690, 692; IV: 492-497 biologic plausibility, III: 507; IV: 495 epidemiologic studies, I: 45; II: 333, 334; III: 504-506, 520-521; IV: 479, 493 494, 496-497 epidemiology, II: 333; III: 503-504; IV: 492-493 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 520; IV: 493-494 herbicide exposure association with, II: 7, 21, 333-334; III: 504-508, 520-521; IV: 493-494 INDEX herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 520; IV: 493-494 scientific literature update, II: 334; III: 504506, 520, 521; IV: 493-494 TCDD in, I: 152-153, 259-260; II: 333, 334; III: 505, 506, 507; IV: 471, 474, 493-495 Vietnam veterans and, II: 333; III: 505-506, 521; IV: 494 See also Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemia; Liver disorders; Metabolic and digestive disorders TCDD exposure and, II: 68 Liver cancer background, IV: 267 biologic plausibility, IV: 270 children and, I: 628 epidemiologic studies, I: 453-455; IV: 268270 herbicide association in, I: 13, 457, 577; IV: 143, 157, 385 picloram in, I: 190 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 risk factors, I: 453 Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 454-455; IV: 269 TCDD in, I: 116, 138-139, 142, 143; IV: 267, 386-387, 515 Vietnam veterans and, I: 391, 393, 455, 457; IV: 269 See also Hepatobiliary cancers Liver disorders 2,4-D in, I: 179; III: 524; IV: 505 2,4,5-T in, II: 42; III: 524; IV: 500, 505 arsenic and, IV: 39-41 biologic plausibility, III: 513-514, 524; IV: 505 enzyme activity, I: 155-156, 685-687, 691692 epidemiologic studies, I: 45; II: 332-333; III: 510-513; IV 500-504 epidemiology, II: 331-332; III: 509-510; IV: 498-500 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 510-512; IV: 500-501 herbicides in, I: 125; II: 332-333; III: 510514; IV: 135, 139, 141, 500-505 picloram chronic toxicity, I: 191-192; II: 42; III: 524 scientific literature update, II: 332-333; III: 510-513; IV: 500-504 Read the entire page →
From page 571... ... receptors, I: 154-155; II: 333, 334; III: 503; IV: 489, 492 Ludwigshafen, Germany; III: 153, 154, 269, 297, 484, 511 Lumber industry sawmill workers herbicide exposure, III: 10, 156, 227-228, 338, 439-440, 447-448, 449, 452, 453, 457; IV: 114, 142, 290, 296, 306, 307, 312, 333, 338, 343, 368, 404, 408, 418, 419, 422, 427 See also Forests Lung cancer 2,4-D in, I: 177 agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 466; IV: 142 biologic plausibility, III: 302; IV: 284 cacodylic acid and, I: 187; IV: 24 environmental exposure studies, III: 297298, 301; IV: 282-283 571 epidemiological studies, II: 139; III: 296298, 300-301; IV: 157, 210, 278, 282284, 285-287, 473 epidemiology, III: 295-296; IV: 281 herbicide association in, I: 472; II: 6; III: 296-302; IV: 282-284 herbicide/pesticide applicators and, I: 326, 466-468; II: 139; IV: 142 incidence, data by gender/race, for selected age groups, III: 296; IV: 281 latency and, III: 421, 422, 423, 424 occupational exposure studies, III: 296-297, 300-301, 421, 423; IV: 142, 144, 282 paper/pulp mill workers and, I: 364, 468 production workers and, I: 461-466; III: 421, 423; IV: 282 Ranch Hands, IV: 9, 283 scientific literature update, III: 296-298; IV: 282-284 Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 469; III: 296, 297298, 299, 422; IV: 278, 282-283 Vietnam veterans and, I: 469-470, 472; III: 298, 301, 424; IV: 283, 284 See also Respiratory cancers Luteinizing hormone (LH) , II: 182, 279, 280, 281; III: 41, 72-73, 444-445; IV: 34, 399, 405 Lymphocytic leukemia. Read the entire page →
From page 572... ... , IV: 253, 265, 267n Metabolic and digestive disorders biological plausibility, II: 335; III: 513-514; IV: 505 epidemiological studies, II: 330-331, 332335; III: 510-513; IV: 500-504 epidemiology, III: 508; IV: 498-500 herbicides association in, II: 7, 11, 21, 330331, 332-335; III: 3, 510-514; IV: 500505 herbicides occupational exposure and, III: 510-512; IV: 500-501 scientific literature update, III: 510-513; IV: 500-504 Vietnam veterans and, III: 510, 512-513; IV: 502-504 INDEX See also Diabetes mellitus; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Lipid abnormalities; Liver toxicity; Ulcers, gastrointestinal Methodological bias biological stored samples, analysis, I: 2021, 729-730 cancer studies, I: 436 controlling for, I: 33, 226-227, 234-235, 242-246; IV: 105, 108-09 healthy worker effect, I: 230 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 17, 257259, 286-287, 291, 724 latency studies, II: 263-264; III: 408-412 proportionate mortality studies, I: 233 recall bias, I: 256, 601 reproductive outcome studies, I: 591-592, 601 self-reports, I: 270-271; II: 109, 150 See also Methodology Methodology Agent Orange Study, I: 58-59, 63-64; II: 2 Agent Orange Working Group, I: 19, 728 Alsea, Oregon, investigation, I: 372-373, 598 American Legion Agent Orange study, I: 602 assessment of strength of evidence, I: 238241; II: 88-97; III: 124-133 BASE study, I: 312-313 biologic plausibility, II: 88, 92; III: 124, 128 burden of proof approach, I: 226-227, 245 cancer expected incidence, I: 439-440 cancer studies, I: 435-440, 442-443, 445; II: 175, 176; III: 265-266 case-control studies, I: 234-235, 256-257, 326-341; II: 94-95; III: 130; VI: 9 case reports, I: 235-236 Centers for Disease Control Birth Defects Study, I: 611-612 Centers for Disease Control epidemiologic studies, I: 19, 387-393, 498, 728 circulatory disease studies, I: 699-700, 705706, 707; II: 335; IV: 11, 463, 502, 506 cohort studies, I: 229-232, 254-256, 318323; IV: 8-13, 28, 43, 46, 111, 114, 123-161 passim, 182-247 passim, 251253, 256-388 passim, 402, 409, 418422, 425-431, 473-474, 478-479, 483, 486-492, 500-509 Read the entire page →
From page 573... ... INDEX confidence intervals, I: 244; IV: 19, 43, 251, 278, 342, 385, 419, 445, 472, 483, 515 controlled observational studies, I: 228 Department of Veterans Affairs studies, I: 393-399, 494-495; IV: 1, 15, 133, 151, 157-158, 255, 284, 399, 421 disease latency effects, I: 231-232, 434, 436-438, 494, 495, 727; II: 351-357 dose-response relationship, I: 239-230, 252; II: 89; IV: 40 Dow studies, I: 307-312 epidemiologic studies evaluation, I: 300301; II: 93-94; III: 129-130; IV: 103109, 132-161, 182-247 evidence categories, I: 227-237; III: 132; IV: 103-109passim experimental studies evaluation, II: 92-93 health outcome categories for herbicide association, I: 5-8, 223-225, 246-247; II: 97; III: 132; IV: 6-12 herbicide environmental exposure assessment, I: 262-263, 269-270; III: 156-157 herbicide exposure assessment strategies, I: 251-259, 270-287; III: 144-145 herbicide exposure reconstruction model evaluation, I: 18, 289-290, 726; II: 25 herbicide exposure, statistical association with diseases, II: 88, 90-91; III: 1-2, 6, 126-127; IV: 103 herbicide occupational exposure assessment, I: 262-264, 269-270; III: 150-156 immune system research, I: 692 indirect adjustment, I: 229 information management, I: 735-738 judgment in, I: 245-246; II: 96; III: 131-132 latency and cancer studies, II: 261-266, 351; III: 407-416 meta-analysis, I: 225, 237-238, 242-243 neurological assessment, I: 14, 641-642, 649 neuropsychiatric studies, I: 657 new evidence integration, II: 96; III: 132 NIOSH studies, I: 303-305; II: 350-351, 356, 357; IV: 111, 136 Nitro, West Virginia, industrial accident studies, I: 305-307 NRC Commission on Life Sciences, I: 63 573 odds ratio determination, I: 234, 239; II: 90; III: 126-127; IV: 105 Office of Technology Assessment, I: 19, 728 paper/pulp mill worker studies, I: 341, 364 publication bias, II: 95-96; III: 131; IV: 108 Ranch Hand study, I: 230-231, 385-386, 498, 757-762 random misclassification and latency, II: 263-264; III: 411-412 relative risk assessment, I: 229, 239, 258; II: 90, 351, 356; III: 126, 127; IV: 105 reproductive outcome studies, I: 591-592 respiratory disease studies, I: 708-709, 712713; II: 324 risk assessment, I: 225-226; II: 89; III: 127128 sample size and disease frequency, I: 231, 242-243, 440, 499 Selected Cancers Study, I: 234-235, 498 self-reports, I: 270-271; II: 109; IV: 9, 113, 122, 125-126, 135, 141, 154-157, 159, 255, 262, 287, 297, 299, 304, 308, 310, 313, 320, 324, 325, 326, 335, 336-337, 339, 364, 380, 383, 402, 406, 418-419, 421-425, 484, 487, 492, 503-504, 507509 soft-tissue sarcoma studies, I: 482-490, 497500 standardized mortality ratio, I: 229-230 statistical significance/power, I: 226-227, 243 TCDD biomarkers, I: 259-262 Times Beach studies, I: 368-370 toxicologic studies evaluation, III: 128-129 type I error, I: 243 type II error, I: 243 Vietnam veterans disease risk estimation and latency, II: 349-357 Vietnam veterans serum TCDD mean maximum estimation, II: 349-350 See also Data sources; Literature review; Methodological bias; Research needs; Risk assessment methodology 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, I: 700 6-Methyl- 1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran, I: 153 Michigan, I: 374, 375, 383; II: 113, 153, 161, 202, 308; III: 159, 160, 218, 221, 234, 235, 243, 270, 357-358, 363, 373, 387, 388, 484, 511, 516; IV: 133, 136, 149, 158, 231, 266, 335, 350, 355, 363, 368, 370, 381, 383, 414 Read the entire page →
From page 574... ... models Monsanto Company, I: 34, 35, 38, 305-307, 444, 674, 700; II: 114-115, 179, 182, 193, 204, 207, 220, 236; III: 152, 171172, 220, 348; IV; 136, 185-186, 257, 260,271,371,290,301,333,343 Montagnards, I: 31, 371, 599 Montana, II: 268; III: 420; IV: 149, 344, 349, 354, 362, 369, 375, 382 Mortality. See Child mortality studies; Deaths; Mortality studies; Perinatal deaths Mortality of Vietnam Veterans: The Veteran Cohort Study, III: 273, 285-286 Mortality studies, II: 130; IV: 140, 141, 144, 146, 149, 156, 157, 159, 184-194, 252, 253 basal/squamous cell skin cancer, III: 319, 321 cancer, I: 442-445; II: 133, 134, 136, 137, 185; IV: 137, 140, 142, 143, 150, 199200-206 Read the entire page →
From page 575... ... See Military occupation specialty code 31 Motor/coordination dysfunction epidemiological studies, II: 309-310; III: 469-470; IV: 445-447 herbicide association in, I: 661-662; II: 4, 7, 11, 21, 309-310; III: 469-470; IV: 443447 herbicide environmental exposure studies, I: 658-659; IV: 445-447 herbicide occupational exposure studies, I: 658; IV: 445-447 scientific literature update, II: 309-310; III: 470; IV: 445-447 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 662; II: 309, 310 See also Ataxia; Dystonia; Neurobehavioral toxicity; Neurological disorders; Parkinsonism; Stroke Motor/sensory/coordination problems, I: 14, 658-662 575 MPTP, I: 661; IV: 445, 448 MRR. See Meta risk ratio Multiple myeloma, I: 331, 334, 335, 336, 341; IV: 6, 8, 10, 144, 149 agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 558561; II: 138-139, 238-239, 241-243, III: 379-380; IV: 140 biologic plausibility, I: 563; III: 383; IV: 374 epidemiologic studies, I: 331, 334, 335, 336, 341, 557-563; II: 138-139, 237244; III: 377-383; IV: 199, 209, 211, 212, 215, 372-373, 374-376 epidemiology, I: 526, 528; II: 236-237; III: 377; IV: 371-372 herbicide association in, I: 10, 11- 12, 563, 574, 576; II: 6, 8, 20, 89, 236-244, 247; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 24, 377-383, IV: 18, 143 herbicide environmental exposure and, II: 241, 243; III: 380, 382; IV: 372-373 herbicide occupational exposure and, II: 237-243; III: 378-380, 381-382; IV: 372 histopathology, I: 527 incidence, data by race/gender, for selected age groups, III: 377; IV: 371-372 paper/pulp workers and, II: 143 production workers and, II: 237-238; III: 378-379; IV: 373 risk estimates, II: 240-241 scientific literature update, III: 378-380; IV: 372-373 Vietnam veterans' compensation, II: 24, 30, Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 563; II: 231, 244; IV: 374 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 380, 382; IV: 373 See also Malignant lymphomas Myeloid leukemia. Read the entire page →
From page 576... ... See Perinatal death Netherlands, I: 316-317, 323, 325-326, 443, 464, 468, 477, 558; II: 132-133, 179, 196, 199, 220, 226, 232, 238, 243, 269; III: 10, 223, 226, 230, 236, 348, 441442, 490; IV: 252-253, 256-257, 259260, 262, 265, 293, 295-296, 302, 306, 333, 340, 343, 346, 348, 351, 353, 356, 358-360, 365, 368, 372, 374-375, 379, 381, 404-405 Central Bureau of Statistics, II: 133 herbicide exposure assessment, III: 150-151 National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, II: 132- 133 See also Rotterdam, Netherlands Neural tube defects, II: 297; III: 437-438; IV, 18, 400-405 See also Birth defects; Reproductive disorders; Spina bifida Neurasthenia, I: 649; IV: 440 See also Cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders Read the entire page →
From page 577... ... ; Stroke Neuroblastoma, I: 594 children and, I: 628; IV: 422, 425 Neurologic disorders 2,4-D in, I: 179; II: 48; III: 45-46, 473, 474 assessment issues, I: 14, 641-642; IV: 440441 biologic plausibility, III: 474-475; IV: 457459 childhood cancer, I: 628 classification of, I: 640; II: 304-305 cognitive and neuropsychiatric effects, I: 649-658; III: 468-469; IV: 441-443 epidemiologic studies, I: 44-45, 643-648; II: 141, 305, 307, 309; III: 467-473; IV: 441-459 herbicide association in, I: 14, 657, 661, 666; III: 467-476; IV: 441-459 herbicide occupational exposure studies and, I: 649-651, 658, 662-663; III: 467 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 14, 658662; III: 469-470; IV: 443-448 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 662666; III: 470-473; IV: 454-459 577 Seveso, Italy, studies, I: 365-366, 523; II: 141; IV: 227 TCDD in, I: 160-166; II: 3, 75; III: 84-85, 469, 470-471, 474, 475; IV: 441-443, 445 Vietnam veterans' compensation, I: 55 Vietnam veterans' offspring and, I: 609, 660 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 658, 662, 666; III: 475-476; IV: 459 See also Cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders; Motor/coordination dysfunction; Neurobehavioral toxicity; Peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders Newark, New Jersey, II: 128-129; III: 219, 220; IV: 134-135 New Brunswick, Canada, III: 234; IV: 149 New Hampshire, I: 341, 364; III: 232; IV: 146, 222 New Jersey, I: 656, 695; II: 280; III: 243, 500; IV: 158, 483, 487, 493 Agent Orange Commission, I: 60, 280-281, 401-402, 741; II: 292 See also Newark, New Jersey New Mexico, I: 60, 402; III: 243; IV: 159 New York, I: 60, 364-365, 402-403, 444, 470, 495, 626; II: 202; IV: 149, 159, 230, 291, 298, 355, 364, 371 See also Binghamton, New York; Camp Drum, New York New Zealand, I: 329-331, 373, 486, 490, 535536, 552, 560-561; II: 132, 134, 242; III: 226, 229; IV: 113, 142, 143, 149, 206,215,216,297,361,369,375,404 See also Northland, New Zealand NHANES III. Read the entire page →
From page 578... ... See Basal/ squamous cell skin cancer; Skin cancer North America, II: 197; III: 510 North Carolina, IV: 202 See also Agricultureal Health Study North Dakota, IV: 149, 344, 349, 354, 362, 369, 375, 382 INDEX Northeast Pharmaceutical and Chemical Corporation, I: 40 Northland, New Zealand, III: 234; IV: 149 Norway, III: 10, 225, 442-443; IV:197, 209, 404 Central Population Register, III: 225, 442 Medical Birth Registry, III: 225, 442 Population Registry, III: 236 See also Frierfjord, Norway Null hypothesis, I: 225 o Occupational herbicide exposure, I: 5, 303 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy and, II: 312; IV: 10 agricultural/forestry workers, II: 183- 184, 197-198, 232-234, 238-239, 241-243; III: 178-195, 224-232, 284-285, 335, 364-365, 379-380, 387-388; IV: 112113, 140-142 basal/squamous cell skin cancer and, III: 321, 323; IV: 309 birth defects and, II: 286-287; III: 437; IV: 404 bladder cancer and, III: 348, 350; IV: 341342 bone cancer and, III: 303, 305; IV: 288-289 brain tumors and, III: 357-358, 360; IV: 351 breast cancer and, II: 214-216; III: 324-326, 328; IV: 317 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218 cancer mortality, I: 443-444; II: 133, 134, 136, 137 cancer risk factor, I: 442; II: 133-135 cervical cancer and, III: 332 childhood cancer, IV: 418-419, 427 circulatory disorders and, III: 515-516; IV: 506-507 diabetes mellitus and, III: 496; IV: 483-484 epidemiologic studies, I: 303-365; II: 3, 67, 113-140; III: 170-196, 218, 219-232, 268-271, 274-280, 282-283, 284, 287, 290, 291, 293-294, 296-297, 300-301, 303, 305, 308-309, 312, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332-333, 335-336, 337, 338, 341, 344, 345, 348, 350, 353, 354, 357-378, 360, 363-365, 367-369, 372-373, 374-375, 378-380, 381-382, 386-388, 391-392, 437, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 467, 483-485, 489, 491, 496, Read the entire page →
From page 579... ... See Oral glucose tolerance test 363-365, 367-369, 429; IV: 356 ovarian cancer and, III: 333 production workers, II: 182-183, 191, 193 197, 206-207, 232, 237-238; III: 170workers; Highway workers; Leather tanners; Paper/pulp industry workers; Production workers; Professional herbicide/pesticide applicators; Railroad workers; Tannery workers Odds ratio, I: 224, 234; II: 90; III: 126-127; IV: 105 Ohio, I: 336, 550 See also Hancock County, Ohio Olshan, Andrew, III: 25 Ontario, Canada, II: 199 Read the entire page →
From page 580... ... Operational Report Lessons Learned, IV: 125 Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) , III: 498,500 Oregon, I: 336-337, 341; II: 149; III: 230, 232, 234; IV: 149, 231 See also Alsea, Oregon Outreach activities Vietnam Veterans and, II: 31; III: 28 Ovarian cancer, I: 338-339, 506, 510-511; III: 333 herbicide association in, I: 13, 512; II: 6; III: 333; IV: 320-323, 326, 385 See also Reproductive system cancers, women INDEX p P450, I: 130, 144-145, 170, 709; II: 56, 70, 72, 74, 76; III: 220; IV: 27, 41-42, 47-48, 50-52, 54-55, 58-60, 63, 65, 67-69, 7276,78 PACER HO, I: 93 PAI-2. Read the entire page →
From page 581... ... See Professional herbicide/pesticide applicators Pesticides. See Agricultural herbicides; Desiccant herbicides; Fungicides; Herbicides; Insecticides; Phenoxy herbicides; Selective herbicides Pharmacokinetics 2,4-D, I: 175 581 2,4,5-T, I: 182 cacodylic acid, I: 186- 187 picloram, I: 190 TCDD, I: 127-133, 260-261, 284; II: 53-54; III: 161; IV: 41, 42, 47 TCDD-induced wasting syndrome, I: 162166 Phenoxy herbicides, I: 8, 9, 10, 11, 27; III: 150, 151, 154, 222, 223, 422, 423, 429 action of, I: 27; IV: 16 IARC registry and, IV: 137 See also Herbicides Phenoxyenolpyruvate carboxykinase, I: 172 Phenoxypropionic acids, I: 327 Phytar 560-G, I: 89 Picloram, I: 88, 90, 91; II: 4; III: 5, 19, 135, 136, 137, 218; IV: 5, 117-119, 133 acute toxicity, I: 191 animal studies, I: 189-192; III: 50, 396, 460 biologic plausibility, III: 460, 524; IV: 426 carcinogenicity, I: 118, 119, 190-191; II: 40; III: 396 chemical properties/structure, I: 111, 115, 189; II: 38; III: 32 chronic exposure, I: 191-192 developmental/reproductive toxicity, I: 192; II: 42; III: 460; IV: 416, 426, 431, 434435 domestic use, I: 189 genotoxicity, I: 191 immunotoxicity, I: 122-123, 192; II: 41 liver toxicity, I: 125; II: 42; III: 524 metabolism, I: 115, 116 pharmacokinetics, I: 190; IV: 27-28 toxicity profile update, II: 51; III: 50; IV: 22-24, 31, 33-34, 40-41 volume used in Operation Ranch Hand, data, III: 136; IV: 117 PKC. Read the entire page →
From page 582... ... See Pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase Production workers bladder cancer, I: 513-517; IV: 341-342 brain cancer, I: 523; IV: 351 INDEX cancer mortality, I: 443-444; II: 133, 134, 270, 273, 274; III: 423, 426, 429; IV: 251, 268 chemical industry production workers studies, I: 303-318; II: 114-118, 128135, 171-175, 182-183, 191, 193-197, 206-207, 232, 237-238, 273-274, 275; III: 170-178, 219-224, 363-364, 378379, 386-387, 422, 423, 426, 429; IV: 270, 292 chloracne, I: 674-676 circulatory disorders, I: 700-701; IV: 506507 diabetes mellitus, I: 684; IV: 483-484 epidemiologic studies, I: 36-37, 303-318; II: 113, 114-118, 128-135, 182-183, 191, 193-197, 232, 237-238; III: 170-178, 219-224, 284, 363-364, 378-379, 386387; IV: 182-197, 300, 312 female reproductive/breast cancer, I: 508510; IV: 317, 321 gastrointestinal tract cancers, I: 447; IV: 251 -254 gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691 German herbicide employees, exposure assessment, II: 4-5, 105, 108; III: 423, 429 hepatic enzyme dysfunction, I: 686, 687 hepatobiliary cancers, I: 453-454, 455; II: 182-183; III: 284; IV: 268-269 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 264-265; II: 103, 105, 107-108; III: 150-154 Hodgkin's disease, I: 9; IV: 365-366 immune system disorders, I: 697-698 international register of workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, II: 131-135; III: 175-177, 222-223 latency and cancer, II: 269, 270, 272, 273274, 275; III: 422, 423, 426, 429; IV: 284, 293, leukemia, I: 564-566, 570-571; III: 386387; IV: 379 lipid abnormalities, I: 688-689; IV: 493 multiple myeloma, I: 557-578; II: 237-238; III: 378-379; IV: 372 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancers, I: 458, 459; IV: 274 neurologic/neuropsychiatric disorders, I: 649, 650-651, 662-663 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 9, 529-530, 548; II: 134, 135, 232; III: 363-364, 429; IV: 356 Read the entire page →
From page 583... ... , I: 232233; II: 161, 180, 185, 208, 225, 230, 234, 236, 242, 246; III: 417-418, 428; IV: 253, 369 Prostate cancer biologic plausibility, III: 343; IV: 332 epidemiologic studies, I: 518-519; II: 6, 219-223; III: 335-342; IV: 202, 327329, 330-331, 333-335 epidemiology, I: 513, 514-515; II: 217, 219; III: 334; IV: 326-327 evidence of association for, IV: 18 herbicide association in, I: 10, 11, 519-521, 575-576; II: 2, 6, 8-9, 20, 89, 217-223, 247; III: 7, 8, 9, 20, 335-343; IV: 6, 8, 10 583 herbicide environmental exposure studies, II: 221, 222; III: 336, 338, 342; IV: 329 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 219-220, 222; III: 335-336, 337, 338, 341; IV: 202, 327-329 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 334; IV: 249, 326-327 latency issues, II: 13, 14; III: 426-428 mortality and latency, II: 273, 274, 275; III: 426, 427 research recommendations, I: 19, 727 risk, estimated, II: 222-223 scientific literature update, III: 336-339; IV: 74, 327-331 Seveso, Italy, male mortality and latency, II: 275, III: 336, 338, 427; IV: 329 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 11, 518, 519, 522; II: 221, 223; III: 343, 431; IV: 332 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 336, 338, 339, 340, 342; IV: 329 See also Genitourinary cancers Protein kinase C (PKC) , II: 4, 52, 59, 60, 61, 62; III: 65-67, 105; IV: 69-71, 72 Psychiatric disorders assessment for, I: 641 epidemiological studies, I: 649-657 herbicide association in, I: 14, 657; IV: 135, 151 posttraumatic stress disorder, I: 397-398, 653-656, 658; IV: 440 PTD. Read the entire page →
From page 584... ... models, III: 106; VI: 84 Questionnaires, II: 109, 136, 150, 292; IV: 111, 124 R RA. See Retinoic acid Race/ethnicity acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384; IV: 378 acute myeloid leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384; IV: 378 bladder cancer incidence, data by race, III: 347; IV: 340 bone cancer incidence, data by race, III: 302; IV: 288 brain tumor incidence, data by race, III: 356; IV: 351 breast cancer incidence, data by race, III: 324; IV: 314 cancer studies and, II: 179, 180, 181, 183, 214, 219, 227, 237; IV: 249-250 cardiovascular disorders, adjusted by, IV: 494, 507 chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384; IV: 378 chronic myeloid leukemia incidence, data by race, III: 384; IV: 378 diabetes prevalence, data by race, III: 492; cancers IV: 484-486, 492 INDEX female reproductive system cancer incidence and other effects, data by race, III: 330; IV: 321, 414, 421, 423, 429 gastrointestinal tract cancer incidence, data by race and cancer type, III: 267; IV: 250 Hodgkin's disease incidence, data by race, III: 372; IV: 365 laryngeal cancer incidence, data by race, III: 292; IV: 273 leukemia incidence, data by type and race, III: 384; IV: 378 liver/intrahepatic bile duct cancer incidence, by race, III: 282; IV: 267, 502 lung cancer incidence, data by race, III: 296; IV: 281 melanoma incidence, data by race, III: 313; IV: 300 motor dysfunction, adjusted by, IV: 444 multiple myeloma incidence, data by race, III: 377; IV: 372 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer incidence, data by race, III: 289; IV: 273 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence, data by race, III: 362; IV: 356 prostate cancer incidence, data by race, III: 334; IV: 326-327 renal cancers incidence, data by race, III: 352; IV: 346 risk adjusted by, IV: 135, 150-152, 154-156 soft-tissue sarcoma incidence, data by race, III: 306; IV: 292 testicular cancer incidence, data by race, III: 343; IV: 335 Vietnam veterans, I: 81, 82, 83, 84; II: 180 See also Alaskan natives; Asian Americans; Demographic data, Vietnam veterans Radiation exposure, I: 564, 595 Radon daughters respiratory cancer and latency, II: 268; III: 418 Railroad workers, I: 323-324, 467, 486, 649650, 658; IV: 206 Ranch Hand study. Read the entire page →
From page 585... ... ; Reproductive system cancers, women; Sperm parameter disorders; Spontaneous abortion Reproductive system cancers, women, I: 13, 14, 505-512, 577; II: 6; IV: 320-326 biologic plausibility, III: 334; IV: 323 epidemiologic studies, I: 508-512; II: 211213; III: 330-334; IV: 321-326 epidemiology, I: 505, 506-508; II: 211; III: 329-330; IV: 320-321 herbicide association in, I: 13, 14, 512, 577; II: 6, 11, 20, 211-213, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 330-334; IV: 7, 11, 323, 385 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 333; IV: 321-322, 325, 326-329, 334 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 332-333; IV: 321 histopathology, I: 506 incidence and mortality statistics, II: 211; III: 329-330; IV; 321 scientific literature update, II: 212; III: 331332; IV: 321-324 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 512; II: 211, 213; III: 334; IV: 323-324 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 333; IV: 322-323 See also Breast cancer; Ovarian cancer; Reproductive disorders; Uterine cancer Request for Proposals (REP) , II: 25, 26; III: 6, 126, 150; IV: 5, 126-127 Research Department of Veterans Affairs efforts, II: 29-30; III: 27-28; IV: 151, 157-58 experimental studies update, II: 43-45 herbicide exposure and cancer latency, literature review, II: 266-275; III: 416431 Read the entire page →
From page 586... ... , II: 73; III: 53, 73, 98 Retinoic acid receptor b (RARb) Read the entire page →
From page 587... ... , II: 55, 58, 59, 62, 74, 75; III: 80, 82, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104 Risk assessment methodology, I: 5, 221, 246 EPA dioxin research, I: 59-60 predisposing factors, I: 731 relative risk determination, I: 224, 229, 258; II: 351, 356; IV: 105 standardized mortality ratio in, I: 229-230 strength of association in, I: 239 terminology, I: 224 Vietnam veterans' disease risk estimation, II: 349-357; IV: 17 Vietnam veterans' TCDD concentrations with time after exposure, II: 356-357 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels back-extrapolated to measure dose, II: 357 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels linear extrapolation, II: 356 Vietnam veterans' TCDD serum levels use to estimate disease risk, II: 350-357; IV: 182 Risk assessment, Vietnam veterans, I: 5, 14-15, 221, 225-226, 246, 247-248, 578; II: 14, 22-23, 91; III: 14-15, 22-23, 127-128, 475-476, 525; IV: 388, 517 amyloidosis, IV: 513 birth defects, I: 618; II: 298, 300-301 bone cancer, I: 474-475; IV: 290 breast cancer risk, II: 218; III: 329; IV: 318 cancer, I: 440, 442-443, 578; II: 251, 276; III: 397, 430-431 cancer in offspring, I: 630-631; IV: 426 chloracne, I: 678-679; II: 321; IV: 466 circulatory disorders, I: 708; IV: 510 diabetes mellitus, I: 692; III: 503; IV: 489 disease risk methodology, II: 349-357 female reproductive system cancers, I: 512; III: 334; IV: 323 fetal/infant death, I: 625; IV: 413 gastrointestinal cancers, I: 452; IV: 356 genitourinary tract cancers, I: 522 hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 692; IV: 505 hepatobiliary cancers, I: 457; II: 187; IV: 270 Hodgkin's disease, I: 557; IV: 367 immune system disorders, I: 699; III: 491; IV: 481 leukemia, I: 571-572; IV: 381 linear extrapolation of exposure and risk, II: 356 587 lipid abnormalities, I: 692; III: 507-508; IV: 495 low birthweight outcomes, I: 628; IV: 417 motor/coordination dysfunction, I: 662 multiple myeloma, I: 563; IV: 374 nasal/nasopharyngeal, I: 460; IV: 275 neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 658 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, I: 549; IV: 359 peripheral nervous system disorders, I: 666; II: 314; IV: 459 porphyria cutanea tarda, I: 682-683; II: 323; IV: 468 prostate cancer risk, II: 223; III: 343; IV: 332 reproductive outcomes, I: 634; II: 300-301; IV: 407, 431 respiratory cancer, I: 472; II: 190, 192-193; IV: 279, 284 respiratory disorders, I: 713-714; IV: 475 skin cancer, I: 505; IV: 305-306, 311 soft-tissue sarcoma, I: 500; IV: 17, 296 spine bifida in offspring, II: 298, 301; IV: 403 spontaneous abortion, I: 605; IV: 411 TCDD concentrations with time after exposure, II: 356-357 TCDD serum levels back-extrapolated to measure dose, II: 357 TCDD serum levels linear extrapolation, II: 356 TCDD serum levels use to estimate disease risk, II: 350-357 RNA. See Ribonucleic acid Ronnel, II: 128; III: 219; IV: 134 Rotterdam, Netherlands, III: 236 Rung Sat Special Zone, I: 100, 104, 105, 106 Russia, II: 319 See also USSR S Salmonella, TCDD exposure and, II: 68 Saskatchewan, Canada, II: 135-136, 200, 232, 242, 246, 325; III: 232 Sawmills. Read the entire page →
From page 588... ... program Selected Cancers Study exposure assessment use, II: 101; III: 146, 231, 240 goals, I: 59, 387, 391 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 185; III: 283 Hodgkin's disease in, I: 554-556 liver cancer in, I: 455 methodology, I: 57, 234-235, 243, 258, 391-393, 440, 527 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer, I: 459; II: 189 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 9, 541-543, 573; II: 231; IV: 17 soft-tissue sarcoma in, I: 493, 498 Selective herbicides, I: 24, 88 See also Herbicides Self-Report Symptom Inventory, I: 641 Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs, II: 24, 27-28; III: 23-24, 25 Serontonergic system, I: 166 Serum levels, TCDD, I: 4, 19, 21, 261, 281285, 289, 290, 725, 728, 729, 742-743; II: 4-5, 104-106; III: 140-142, 146-147; IV: 37, 46, 112, 114, 125-126, 252, 293, 331 back-extrapolated serum TCDD as measure of dose, II: 357; IV: 154 Centers for Disease Control validation study, I: 281-284; II: 103, 104 concentrations of TCDD with time after exposure, II: 356-357; III: 159-161 estimated mean maximum levels, II: 252255 latency results, linear extrapolation from long exposure, II: 356 measurement technique, I: 260; II: 349-350 pharmocokinetics, I: 259-261 recommendations, I: 20-21 significance of, I: 4, 19, 261, 284-285, 289, 290, 725, 742-743; II: 4-5, 102-106, 108-109 testing, mandated, I: 728, 729 Vietnam veterans disease risk estimation, use for, II: 350-357 Services HERBS tapes. See HERBS tapes Seveso, Italy; III: 9; IV: 8-9, 147-148 accidental contamination in, I: 43; II: 140141; III: 232-233; IV: 147 birth defects, II: 287; III: 436 INDEX bladder cancer, I: 517; II: 226-227; III: 348, 349; IV: 341 bone cancer, III: 303; IV: 289 brain tumors, I: 523; II: 230; III: 356, 358; IV: 351-352 breast cancer, II: 216; III: 324-326, 327; IV: 315 cancer incidence, II: 141, 148 cancer mortality, I: 444; III: 422, 424 childhood cancer, II: 299-300; IV: 425 child mortality study, II: 147 chloracne, I: 267, 676-677; IV: 464 circulatory disorders, I: 701-702; IV: 507509 diabetes mellitus, III: 495; IV: 11, 484 epidemiologic studies, I: 44-45, 63, 365368; II: 113, 141-143, 148; III: 130, 197-200, 232-233, 283, 285, 290, 296, 297-298, 303, 307, 309, 314, 318, 325326,327,330,331,332,336,338,344, 348, 349, 352, 353, 356, 358, 363, 365, 372, 373, 380, 385, 386, 388-389, 390, 436, 449, 495, 505; IV: 224, 225, 226, 227, 258-259, 261, 263-264, 266, 271272, 276, 280, 286-287, 291, 297-298, 306-307, 313, 319, 325-326, 334, 338, 344, 349, 354-355, 361-362, 369-370, 375-376, 382-383, 428, 430-431, 491 exposure assessment, I: 267-268, 285, 598599; II: 4-5, 103, 105-106; III: 150, 156, 158, 160-161, 162; IV: 111, 114-115, 126 female reproductive cancers, I: 511; II: 211212, 213; III: 330, 331, 332; IV: 321322 gastrointestinal tract tumors, II: 177, 180; III: 271, 273; IV: 254 gastrointestinal ulcers, I: 691; IV: 501-502 hepatic enzyme disorders, I: 686-687 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 184; III: 283, 285; IV: 269 Hodgkin's disease, II: 236; III: 372, 373 immune modulation, I: 695 infertility, III: 449 latency and cancer risk, II: 271, 272, 273, 274, 275; III: 13, 408, 414, 420, 422, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 430 leukemia, I: 13, 569-570, 571; II: 245-246; III: 385, 386, 388-389, 390; IV: 379, 425 lipid abnormalities, I: 689; III: 505 Read the entire page →
From page 589... ... Shanghai, China, II: 188 Silvex, I: 309, 324; II: 128; III: 219; IV: 134 Skaraborg, Sweden, III: 234; IV: 149 Skin cancer animal studies, I: 141, 142-143; IV: 5, 24, 31,40 biologic plausibility for TCDD, I: 503; IV: 305, 311 clinical features, I: 501, 502 epidemiologic studies, I: 502-503; II: 209211; III: 312-313; IV: 19, 149, 154, 232, 302-305, 306-308, 312-313 epidemiology, I: 501-502; II: 209; III: 312, 313; IV: 299-300 589 herbicide association in, I: 12, 576; II: 7, 11-12, 21, 209-211, 249-250; III: 8, 10, 21, 312; IV: 7, 11 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 312; IV: 302 TCDD in, I: 141, 142-143, 502-503; II: 209-211; III: 313-316, 317, 319, 320, 322; IV: 19 Vietnam veterans and, II: 209; III: 312; IV: 303-304, 305, 309-311 See also Basal/squamous cell skin cancer; Melanoma 2,4-D and, I: 181 picloram and, I: 192 Ranch hands, IV: 8 TCDD and, I: 172-174 See also Chloracne; Porphyria cutanea tarda Sleep disorders, I: 650; IV: 442 SMRs. See Standardized mortality ratios Social Security Administration, II: 130, 152, 153 Society for Epidemiologic Research, II: 25 Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) Read the entire page →
From page 590... ... See u.s. Special Forces Sperm parameter disorders altered sperm parameters, I: 631, 632, 633634; II: 7, 11, 20; III: 444-451; IV: 200, 405-406, 433 See also Reproductive disorders Spinabifida, I: 609, 611, 612; II: 6, 295-296 Vietnam veterans offspring, II: 9- 10, 296, 298, 309; III: 7, 8, 9-10, 21, 24-25, 437438; IV: 7, 10, 18, 404-405 See also Birth defects; Neural tube defects Spontaneous abortion, I: 592 agricultural/forestry workers and, I: 336337; IV: 197, 410-411 Alsea, Oregon, case, I: 42-43, 372-373, 598 definition, I: 595-596; II: 282; IV: 409 epidemiologic data, quality of, I: 603-605 epidemiologic studies, II: 283; IV: 410-411 epidemiology, II: 282-283 herbicide association in, I: 14, 605; II: 7, 20, 278, 283-284; 411-412 herbicide environmental exposure and, I: 598-599; IV: 410-411 INDEX herbicide occupational exposure and, I: 596-598; IV: 410 maternal risk factors, I: 596 Ranch Hand participants, II: 283-284 risk factors, I: 594; IV: 409 scientific literature update, II: 283-284; IV: 410-411 Vietnamese civilians and, I: 599-601 Vietnam veterans' increased risk, II: 283; Vietnam veterans' wives and, I: 405-406, 601-603 See also Reproductive disorders Standardized fertility ratio (SFR) Read the entire page →
From page 591... ... See TCDD biologic plausibiltiy; Serum levels, TCDD; 2,3,7,8Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD biologic plausibility, IV: 2, 3, 11-12, 107, 110, 385-387, 432-435, 515-517 Ah receptor in, I: 133-138; IV: 25-27, 2930, 42, 47-58, 85-86, 458 animal carcinogenicity studies, I: 138- 146, 439; III: 394, 396 brain tumors and, I: 525; IV: 352 cancer, II: 176; IV: 248-388 passim carcinogenesis, I: 116-118, 434, 439; III: 394, 396; IV: 279, 385 cardiovascular toxicity, I: 171; IV: 510 childhood cancer and, I: 630; IV: 426 chloracne and, I: 172-174, 678; II: 320-321; III: 480; IV: 8, 17-18, 135; IV: 466 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, II: 314 diabetes mellitus, III: 502-503; IV: 488 fetal/infant death and, I: 624; IV: 413 gastrointestinal toxicity, I: 169-170, 451; III: 513-514 genitourinary tract cancers and, I: 521-522 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 457; IV: 270 Hodgkin's disease and, I: 557; IV: 8, 367 immune system disorders and, I: 122, 146151, 699; III: 523-524; IV: 481 lethality, IV: 76, 137 leukemia and, I: 571; IV: 380 lipid abnormalities, III: 507; IV: 495 liver disease, III: 522-524; IV: 10, 505 motor/coordination dysfunction and, I: 661; II: 314 multiple myeloma and, I: 563; IV: 374 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer and, I: 460; IV: 275 neurological disorders and, I: 160-166; III: 474, 475; IV: 441-443, 445, 457-459 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and, I: 549; IV: 8, 116, 358 peripheral neuropathy and, II: 314; IV: 457459 porphyria cutanea tarda and, I: 682; II: 323; IV: 468 reproductive disorders and, I: 123-124, 156159, 605, 618, 634; II: 282; III: 460461, 462; IV: 323, 403, 407, 411, 431 Read the entire page →
From page 592... ... See Dioxin toxic equivalent factors Teratogenicity, I: 57, 62, 606-607 2,4-D, I: 180-181 2,4,5-T, I: 185, 373-374; II: 4 cacodylic acid, I: 189 picloram, I: 192 TCDD, I: 28, 30, 123, 159-160, 185, 368, 370, 372; III: 461; IV: 29, 53 viral potential, I: 607 See also Birth defects Testicular cancer, I: 405 biologic plausibility, III: 347; IV: 337 epidemiologic studies, I: 519; II: 153, 227228; III: 343-346; IV: 336-337, 338-339 epidemiology, I: 515; II: 223-224; III: 343; IV: 335 herbicide association in, I: 13, 521; II: 7, 11, 20, 227-228, 249-250; III: 7, 10, 343-347; IV: 7, 11 herbicide environmental exposure and, III: 344, 345; IV: 336 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 344, 345; IV: 336 histopathology, I: 513 incidence, data by race, for selected age groups, III: 343; IV: 335 scientific literature update, II: 227-228; III: 344, 346; IV: 159, 336-337 Vietnam veterans' risk, I: 519, 522; II: 153, 223-224, 227, 228; IV: 338 Vietnam veterans' studies, III: 343-344, 345-346; IV: 157, 159, 336-337 See also Genitourinary cancers Testimony, I: 739-756; II: 343-348; III: 533536 Testosterone, I: 123, 157-158; II: 280, 281, 282; IV: 183, 399-400, 405, 407-408, 429, 433 Tetrachlorobenzene, I: 28 INDEX 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) , III: 5, 19; IV: 16, 132 acute toxicity, II: 75-76 Ah receptor interaction, I: 3, 114, 118, 122, 123, 133-138, 150, 151, 152, 159-160, 439, 452-453, 457; II: 3-4, 51-53, 5456, 57-62, 176; III: 33, 34, 35, 53, 54, 58-61, 62-69, 129; IV: 25, 26, 30, 32, 47-53, 58, 60 animal studies, I: 111-114, 138-142, 477; II: 3-4, 12, 51-77; III: 4-5, 33, 34-36, 37, 40-43, 54-58, 62-63, 67-69, 74-105, 128, 129, 130, 394, 396, 460-461, 474, 475, 482, 501, 522-523; IV: 26, 53-57, 59, 270, 284, 305, 311, 416, 426, 432435, 458-459, 512 anti-estrogenicity and, I: 512; II: 62; III: 6769 apoptosis of, II: 3, 67 autoimmunity and, I: 697-699 bioavailability, I: 128-129 biological consequences of activation, II: 57; III: 61-62 biomarkers, I: 4, 17, 259-262, 725; II: 101104; III: 146-147 bladder cancer association, II: 225-227; III: 347-348; IV: 341-342 body burdens, III: 107-108; IV: 478 body temperature regulation and, I: 169 bone cancer association, II: 204-205; III: 303; IV: 289 brain distribution, I: 160- 161 brain tumors association, II: 229, 230; III: 357, 358; IV: 351 breast cancer association, II: 215-217; III: 327, 329; IV: 316-317 carcinogenesis promoter capability, I: 116, 142-143, 434, 439 carcinogenicity, I: 28-29, 116-118, 138-146, 439, 451; II: 3, 39-40, 65-68, 175, 176; III: 265, 394, 396, 430-431; IV: 60-66, 270, 279 cardiovascular toxicity, I: 171; II: 76; III: 74-75 cell proliferation capability of, I: 145; II: 3, 67; IV: 60 chemical properties, I: 28, 114, 127 chemical significant interactions, II: 64-65; III: 69-71 chemical structure, I: 125-126; II: 38 chloracne and, I: 4, 10, 28, 172-173, 262; Read the entire page →
From page 593... ... INDEX II: 3, 5, 6, 317-321; III: 479-480; IV: 135, 464 circulatory disorders and, I: 701-708; II: 336337; III: 514, 515-516, 518; IV: 506-507 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders and, II: 308 concerns about, I: 1, 2, 23-24, 28-32, 35-36; II: 2, 17, 18, 19, 26-27; III: 3-5, 12, 13, 14 corticosteroids and, I: 168, 171-172; cytochrome P4501A2 and, I: 130, 144- 145, 170, 709; IV: 274, 386 dermal toxicity, II: 76; III: 73-74 developmental toxicity, I: 123-124, 149, 156-157, 159-160, 185; II: 3, 41-42, 71, 72-73; III: 92-105 diabetes mellitus and, I: 683; II: 330-331; III: 494, 495, 500-501, 502; IV: 483, 489 dietary significant interactions, II: 64 dioxin categorization, I: 23n, 125 DNA binding capability and transcription activation and, II: 56-57; III: 58-61 dose-response relationships, I: 111-114, 122, 128-129, 130, 137-138, 445, 673, 696; II: 318 endocrine effects, III: 83-84 environmental exposure assessment, I: 262263, 267-270; II: 140-149, 179-180, 184, 186, 190, 193, 200-201, 221, 222, 234, 236, 243; III: 156-157, 232-233, 234, 235-236, 297-298, 303; IV: 114116, 147-150, 254, 269, 274-275, 278, 293, 296, 336, 347, 351, 357, 379 environmental persistence, I: 288 enzyme induction of, II: 3, 66-67 estrogen-mediation of carcinogenesis, I: 144-145 excretion, I: 132- 133 exposure assessment issues, II: 4-5, 104106; III: 140-142, 144, 157-158, 159161; IV: 122-127, 132 exposure sources, I: 127 fatty acid biosynthesis and, I: 168-169 female reproductive system/breast cancers and, I: 512; II: 211-213; III: 331, 332; IV: 315, 316, 322 free radicals, II: 59; III: 64-65 gastrointestinal toxicity, I: 169-170, 447452, 690-692; II: 177-181; III: 268-272, 511; IV: 251-254, 499-501 593 gastrointestinal ulcers and, II: 334-335; III: 510 genotoxicity, I: 118, 143-144; II: 3 growth factor and, II: 59 H4IIE-luc cells and, III: 107 half-life, I: 129, 260-261; II: 104-105; III: 157-158; IV: 24, 27 hepatic enzyme disorders and, I: 155-156, 685-688, 691-692 hepatobiliary cancers and, I: 457; II: 181187; III: 283-285 hepatotoxicity, II: 3, 73-75; III: 76-79 herbicide contaminant capacity, I: 2, 3, 27, 91-92, 114, 126-127; II: 2, 3, 26; III: 1, 3,5,6, 140-142 hexachlorophene manufacture and, I: 40; IV: 134-135, 138, 148 Hodgkin's lymphoma and, II: 5, 6, 235, 236; III: 372-373; IV: 366 hypoglycemia and, I: 166-168 immune modulation and, I: 694-696; II: 328-329; III: 488, 489, 490, 491; IV: 26 immunotoxicity, I: 119- 122, 146- 151, 338, 477; II: 3, 40-41, 68-71; III: 85-92; IV: 478-480 infertility association, II: 282 inflammatory responses and, I: 148 interactions, significant, III: 69-71 intracellular communication of, II: 3, 67-68 latency issues, II: 13-14, 269, 270, 272; III: 420, 421, 423, 424, 425, 426, 429, 431 lethality, III: 71-73 leukemia association, II: 246; III: 386-388, 390; IV: 379, 426 lipid abnormalities and, I: 688-690; II: 333334; III: 505, 506, 507 liver toxicity, I: 115-116, 124, 138-139, 142, 143, 151-156, 165-166; II: 42, 331333; III: 509; IV: 27, 268, 269, 499 lung cancer and, III: 297-298, 299, 421, 423; IV: 282-283 mechanism of action, animal studies, II: 3, 54-65; III: 54-58, 62-63, 67-69; IV: 2830 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 65-77; IV: 6776, 426 metabolism, I: 115-116, 131-133, 155 multiple myeloma association, II: 237-238, 243, 244; III: 378-380, 383; IV: 372373 Read the entire page →
From page 594... ... See Transforming growth factor T-H Agricultural & Nutrition Company, I: 35 Thailand, I: 26, 90 Thompson Chemicals Corporation, I: 35 Thyroid TCDD effects, I: 168-169; IV: 135, 386-387 thyroiditis, I: 697, 698 Times Beach, Missouri, I: 40-42, 268, 368-370, 693-694; II: 113, 144, 184; III: 200-201, 234, 283; IV: 115-116, 133, 148 Tissue distribution, TCDD, I: 129-131, 259 Read the entire page →
From page 595... ... ; II: 4, 18; III: 5, 19, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 226, 234; IV: 2, 22, 110, 251, 268, 292, 474, 478, 479 acute toxicity, I: 184 Agent Orange and, I: 27; II: 26 animal studies, I: 181-185; II: 49-50; III: 47-48, 396, 462; IV: 34, 426, 434-435, 458, 459, 512, 517 birth defects and, II: 287; III: 462; IV: 404, 405n calcium homeostasis and, II: 4 carcinogenicity, I: 37, 118, 119, 182-184; II: 40; III: 396; IV: 387 chemical properties, I: 114, 182; II: 38; III: 32 chemical structure, I: 111, 114 chloracne and, I: 36; IV: 135, 500 chronic exposure, I: 184 circulatory disorders and, I: 700-701 development of, I: 24, 26, 35, 181; III: 135, 136, 137, 138, 140 developmental toxicity, I: 185; II: 42, 49-50 disease outcomes, III: 48 domestic use, I: 181 environmental exposure events, I: 42-43 genotoxicity, I: 119, 184 half-life of, II: 4 infertility and, II: 280-282 liver toxicity, I: 125; II: 42; III: 524 mechanisms of action, III: 33, 38, 47-48 mechanisms of toxicity, II: 49-50 metabolism, I: 115, 116 military applications, I: 26, 88; II: 26 Read the entire page →
From page 596... ... See UDP glucuronyl transferase Ulcers, gastrointestinal, I: 690-692 epidemiologic studies, II: 334; III: 510-513; IV: 500-504 epidemiology, II: 334; III: 508-509; IV: 498-499 herbicide exposure association with, II: 334; III: 510-514; IV: 505 herbicide occupational exposure and, III: 510-512; IV: 500-501 scientific literature update, II: 334; III: 510513; IV: 500-504 Vietnam veterans and, III: 512-513; IV: 502-505 See also Metabolic and digestive disorders Umea, Sweden, III: 228, 229 Uniroyal Inc., I: 35 INDEX United Kingdom, I: 315-316, 340, 382, 444, 462-463, 464, 477, 479, 537, 565, 595, 689; II: 194, 196, 269; III: 223, 224, 420 England National Cancer Register, III: 232; IV: 144 herbicide exposure assessment, III: 151; IV 139 Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank, IV: 445 See also Yorkshire, England United Nations, I: 45 United Paperworkers International Union, III: 232 Update 1996. See Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996 (Update 1996) Read the entire page →
From page 597... ... Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam (VAO) , II: 1,2,5,8, 10, 11, 12,35,45,63,65,71, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 107, 112, 132, 176, 179, 180, 181, 187, 190, 196, 207, 209, 210, 214, 218, 225, 228, 232, 236, 237, 246, 247, 249, 250, 266, 271, 278, 279, 286, 293, 296, 300, 305, 312, 323, 328, 357; III: 1, 2, 3, 5, 12, 32, 43, 85, 124, 125, 126, 132, 150, 157, 169, 220, 221, 223, 286, 303, 311, 320, 359, 389, 390, 416, 434, 435, 519, 522; IV: 5, 156-159 background, II: 17-19; III: 17-23; IV: 15, 103-104, 110, 132, 137, 249, 268, 351 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies summary, III: 317-318, 321, 323; IV: 308, 312-313 birth defects studies summary, III: 436-439; IV: 400-401, 404, 435 bladder cancer studies summary, II: 225226; III: 347-348, 350-351; IV: 340, 343-345 bone cancer studies summary, II: 204; III: 302, 305; IV: 288, 290-291 brain tumor studies summary, II: 229; III: 356-357, 360, 361; IV: 351, 353-355 breast cancer studies summary, III: 324326, 328; IV: 314-315, 319-320 childhood cancer studies summary, II: 299; IV: 418, 429 chloracne studies summary, II: 318; III: 479-480; IV: 465 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy studies summary, II: 310; IV: 454 circulatory disorders studies summary, II: 335-336; III: 514; IV: 506 Read the entire page →
From page 598... ... 598 INDEX cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders studies summary, II: 307; III: 468-469; IV: 441-442 congressional hearings on Agent Orange, II: 27-28; III: 25 Department of Veterans Affairs Task Force, II: 4-26; III: 24-25 diabetes mellitus studies summary, II: 330; III: 496-497; IV: 482, 487, 488, 490, 492 federal government response to concerns over military use of herbicides in Vietnam, II: 27-32; III: 25-30 female reproductive cancers studies summary, II: 211-212; III: 330-331, 332, 333; IV: 321, 324-325 gastrointestinal tract tumors studies summary, II: 177-178; III: 268, 274281; IV: 251, 256 gastrointestinal ulcers studies summary, II: 334; III: 510; IV: 500 health outcomes conclusions, II: 19-23; III: 19-20; IV: 11, 18-19, 20, 21, 384, 385, 414,465,467,471,513,514 hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, III: 282-283, 287-288; IV: 268, 269 herbicide environmental exposure studies, II: 142-143, 144, 145-146; III: 197-202, 203-205, 275, 277, 279, 281, 283, 288, 291, 301, 316, 323, 328, 336, 342, 345, 350-351, 354, 369, 382, 392, 437, 454, 455, 456, 459, 479, 520; IV: 147-149, 261, 264, 266-267, 271-272, 276, 286, 291 herbicide occupational exposure studies, II: 114, 115-116, 117-118, 119-120, 121126; III: 170-174, 176-178, 180-182, 183-185, 188-196, 274-275, 276-277, 278-279, 280, 282-283, 286, 291, 294, 300-301,305,310,312,316,317,321, 323, 324-326, 328, 332, 333, 335-336, 345, 350, 354, 360, 367-369, 374-376, 381-382, 391-392, 454, 455, 456, 459, 496, 520; IV: 137, 139, 140-142, 144146, 257-261, 263, 265-266, 271, 276, 280, 285, 290 Hodgkin's disease studies summary, II: 235; III: 372, 374-375, 376; IV: 365, 368 immune system disorders, studies summary, II: 327; III: 488-489; IV: 477 impact of report, II: 24-26; III: 23-25 infertility studies summary, II: 280; III: 445-446, 450; IV: 406, 409 laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, 294; IV: 277, 280 legislation on Agent Orange, II: 28-29; III: 26-27 leukemia studies summary, II: 245; III: 385386, 391-392; IV: 378-379, 381, 383 lipid abnormalities studies summary, II: 333; III: 504, 520, 521; IV: 483 liver toxicity studies summary, II: 332; III: 510; IV: 500 low birthweight studies summary, III: 456457, 459; IV: 399, 400, 412 lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 300301; IV: 281, 285-286 melanoma studies summary, III: 313-314, 316, 317; IV: 302, 306 metabolic and digestive disorders, studies summary, II: 330, 332, 333, 334; IV: 500 motor/coordination dysfunction studies summary, II: 309; III: 469-470; IV: 443444 multiple myeloma studies summary, III: 377-378, 381-382; IV: 372, 375-376 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies summary, III: 290, 291; 274; IV: 274 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, II: 231-232; III: 362-363, 367-369, 370371; IV: 356, 360-363 perinatal death studies summary, II: 285; III: 451, 454, 455, 456; IV: 412 peripheral neuropathy studies summary, III: 470-471, 473; IV: 454 porphyria cutanea tarda studies summary, II: 321-322; III: 481-482; IV: 467 prostate cancer studies summary, III: 335336, 341, 342; IV: 327, 333-335 renal cancer studies summary, II: 224; III: 352-353, 354, 355; IV: 346, 349-350 research recommendations, II: 23-24; III: 23; IV: 21 respiratory disorders studies summary, II: 324-325; III: 483; IV: 471 sex ratios of offspring, IV: 429-430 skin cancer studies summary, III: 312; IV: 299-314 soft-tissue sarcomas studies summary, II: 205-206; III: 306-308; IV: 292, 297-299 Read the entire page →
From page 599... ... ; III: 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 32, 37, 43, 44, 50, 85, 106, 109, 125, 126, 132, 150, 157, 159, 169, 220, 221, 222, 223, 266, 286, 295, 298, 303, 309, 311, 319,320,339,349,359,389,390,416, 417-418, 424, 426, 428, 434, 435, 444, 458, 519, 522, 533; IV: 1 background, III: 17-23; IV: 15-21, 110, 132, 137, 247, 251 basal/squamous cell skin cancer studies summary, III: 317-318, 321, 323; IV: 308-314 birth defects studies summary, III: 436-439; IV: 400-401, 435 bladder cancer studies summary, III: 347348, 350; IV: 330-345 bone cancer studies summary, III: 302, 305; IV: 287-291 brain tumor studies summary, III: 356-357, 360, 361; IV: 350-355 breast cancer studies summary, III: 324326, 327, 328; IV: 314-320 childhood cancers, IV: 418 chloracne studies summary, III: 479-480; IV: 465 circulatory disorders studies summary, III: 514; IV: 506 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders studies summary, III: 468-469; IV: 441-442 congressional hearings on Agent Orange, III: 25 Department of Veterans Affairs Task Force, III: 24-25 diabetes mellitus studies summary, III: 496; IV: 482-483, 490 federal government response to concerns over military use of herbicides in Vietnam, III: 25-30 female reproductive system cancers studies summary, III: 330-331, 332, 333; IV: 321-326 599 gastrointestinal tract tumors studies summary, III: 268, 274-281; IV: 257264 gastrointestinal ulcers studies summary, III: 510; IV: 500 health outcomes conclusions, III: 19-20 hepatobiliary cancers studies summary, III: 282-283, 287-288; IV: 267-272 herbicide environmental exposure studies, III: 197, 201, 203, 275, 277, 279, 283, 288, 323, 328, 336, 342, 345, 354, 369, 375, 382, 392; IV: 147, 149 herbicide occupational exposure studies, III: 170, 172, 174, 175-176, 179, 183, 186187, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282-283, 286, 291,294,300,305,316,317,321,324326, 328, 332, 333, 335-336, 345, 350, 354, 360, 367, 374, 381, 391, 496; IV: 135-137, 140-142, 144 Hodgkin's disease studies summary, III: 373, 374, 375, 376; IV: 364-371 impact of report, III: 23-25 infertility studies summary, III: 445-446; IV: 406-408 laryngeal cancer studies summary, III: 293, 294; IV: 277-281 legislation on Agent Orange, III: 26-27 leukemia studies summary, III: 385-386, 391, 392; IV: 377-383 lipid abnormalities studies summary, III: 504; IV: 493 liver disorders studies summary, III: 510; IV: 500 low birthweight studies summary, III: 456457; IV: 412 lung cancer studies summary, III: 296, 298, 300; IV: 281-287 melanoma studies summary, III: 313-314, 316, 317; IV: 302-308 motor/coordination dysfunction studies summary, III: 469-470; IV: 444 multiple myeloma studies summary, III: 377-378, 381, 382; IV: 371-377 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer studies summary, III: 290, 291; IV: 273-276 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma studies summary, III: 362-363, 367, 369, 370; IV: 355364 pancreatic cancer, IV: 264-267 perinatal death studies summary, III: 451; IV: 412 Read the entire page →
From page 600... ... See Public Law 97-72 Veterans' Health Programs Extension and Improvement Act of 1979, III: 240 Vietnam, III: 533 herbicide latency issues, methodology, II: 13; III: 12-14 herbicide targeting in, I: 99-106; IV: 116117 herbicide use in, concerns about, I: 29-32, 45; II: 1, 2, 4, 11, 17, 18, 26; III: 1, 2, 5, 12, 13, 17, 18, 25 research in, I: 30-31 troop movements in, I: 52-53, 96, 287 U.S. casualties in, I: 82-83 U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 601... ... INDEX See also Ca Mau peninsula; Con Thieu province, Vietnam; Hanoi, Vietnam; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Khe SanhThonh Son Lam area; Mekong Delta; Rung Sat Special Zone; Vietnamese Vietnam Experience Study (VES) , III: 26, 240, 512 birth defects in offspring, II: 288, 289, 290; III: 436, 438, 439, 445 cancer mortality in, I: 444-445 childhood cancer in, I: 629; II: 300 chloracne in, I: 677 circulatory disorders in, I: 702 exposure assessment use, II: 101; III: 146 hepatobiliary cancers, II: 185; III: 283 Hodgkin's disease in, I: 556 immune system disorders in, I: 696 infertility in, II: 280 liver cancer in, I: 455 low birthweight outcomes in, I: 626 lung cancer in, I: 469 methodology, I: 57-58, 281, 284, 389-391 multiple myeloma, II: 244 neonatal death in, I: 622 neurologic/neuropsychiatric outcomes in, I: 656 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 542-543 origins, I: 50 reproductive outcomes in, I: 601, 609, 610611, 626, 632 respiratory cancer in, II: 201 respiratory disorders in, I: 710-711 spine bifida in offspring, II: 9; IV: 8 Vietnam herbicides use by military, II: 26-27 Vietnam Veteran Agent Orange Health Study, I: 741 Vietnam veterans, I: 1; II: 2 acute and subacute transient peripheral neuropathy, II: 313; III: 473; IV: 6, 459 advocacy groups, I: 60-61 Air Force research activities, II: 31-32; III: 28-29; IV: 13, 42-43, 150-156, 160-161 altered sperm parameters in, I: 632, 634; III: 445, 446, 450; IV: 7 amyloidosis, IV: 7 Australian, I: 61, 91, 406, 418, 444, 470, 496-497, 546, 614-615, 633, 702, 710; II: 113, 149, 160, 202, 293; III: 9, 216217, 218, 237, 244-245, 273, 285-286, 290, 294, 295, 298, 299, 303, 310, 311, 314, 315, 327, 329, 339, 340, 343, 346, 601 349, 353, 355, 359, 365, 380, 389, 413, 424, 425, 469, 486, 489, 500, 506, 512513, 517; IV: 9, 10, 159-160, 322-333, 402, 421-422 autoimmune disease in, I: 698, 699 basal/squamous cell skin cancer in, III: 323; IV: 309-310 birth defects in children of, I: 609-615, 618; II: 288-296, 298, 300; III: 435, 436, 437-438; IV: 7, 402 bladder cancer in, I: 517; II: 223-224; III: 349, 351; IV: 7, 342 bone cancer in, I: 473, 474-475; II: 204; III: 303, 305; IV: 7, 289 brain tumors in, I: 522, 523, 525; III: 358359, 361; IV: 7, 352 breast cancer in, II: 213, 217, 218; III: 326, 328, 329; IV: 7, 316 cancer expected incidence, I: 439-440, 442, 446, 452, 461, 501, 505, 513, 522, 526, 564; II: 176-177; III: 266-267, 430-431; IV: 249-250 cancer in children of, I: 629, 630-631; II: 299; IV: 7, 420-422 cancer mortality, I: 444-445 cancer studies, I: 391-393, 401, 402-403, 405, 436-438; II: 176-177; III: 266-267, 430-431 chloracne in, I: 677-679; II: 317, 318, 321; III: 479-480; IV: 6, 135, 485 chronic persistent peripheral neuropathy in, II: 311; IV: 7, 456 circulatory disorders in, I: 702-705; II: 336; III: 516-518; IV: 7, 508-509 class action suit, I: 34-35 cognitive/neuropsychiatric disorders in, II: 318; III: 469; IV: 7, 443 compensation for, I: 34-35, 47, 50-51, 5556; II: 28-29, 30-31; III: 26-27, 28 congressional responses to concerns of, I: 46-52; II: 27-29; III: 25-28 defining, I: 78 demographics, I: 79, 80-84 developmental toxicity, II: 72 diabetes mellitus in, I: 684, 685, 698; II: 330; III: 495, 497, 498, 500, 502; IV: 6, 485-487 disabilities discharges, I: 32 disease increased risk for, I: 14-15, 221, 225-226, 247-248, 578; II: 14, 22-23, 88,89,91,218,223,251,276,298, 300-301, 314, 321, 323; III: 14-15, 22 Read the entire page →
From page 602... ... 602 INDEX 23, 124, 127-128, 329, 334, 343, 397, 430-431, 444, 462, 475-476, 491, 503, 507-508, 525; IV: 12, 256, 270, 275, 279, 284, 290, 296, 305-306, 311, 318, 323-324, 332, 338, 343, 348, 353, 359, 367, 374, 381, 403, 407, 411-412, 413, 417, 426, 466, 468, 475, 489, 495, 505, 510, 513 distribution by branch of service, I: 81 Environmental Protection Agency research activities, II: 32; III: 29-30 epidemiologic studies, I: 50, 57-59, 62-63, 384-418; II: 3, 6-7, 28, 113, 149-161; III: 26, 206-217, 236-245, 272-273, 275, 277-278, 279, 281, 283, 285-286, 288, 290, 291, 294-295, 298, 301, 303, 305, 309-310, 312, 316, 317, 323, 326, 328, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 343-344, 345-346, 349, 351, 353, 355, 358-359, 361, 363, 365, 370-371, 372, 373, 376, 380, 382, 385, 386, 389, 392, 435, 436, 437-438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459, 467, 468, 469, 470, 473, 479, 480, 481, 482, 485-486, 489, 491, 495, 497, 498, 500, 502, 505-506, 512-513, 516-518, 521; IV: 150-160, 255, 269, 275, 278, 283, 294-295, 303-304, 309310, 316, 322-323, 329, 336-337, 342, 347, 357-358, 366-367, 373, 380, 402, 411, 420-422, 474, 485-487, 494, 502504, 508-509 federal government activities/research on military use of herbicides, II: 27-32; III: 25-30 female reproductive system cancers in, I: 505, 511-512, 577; II: 211, 212; III: 333; IV: 7, 322-323 gastrointestinal tract cancers in, I: 446; II: 177, 180-181; IV: 7, 255 gastrointestinal ulcers in, I: 691, 692; III: 512-513; IV: 502-504 genitourinary tract cancers in, I: 513, 518, 522; II: 223-224; III: 272-273, 275, 277-278, 279, 281; IV: 7, 342 health care of, II: 28, 29; III: 26, 27 health concerns of, I: 1, 32-34, 46-47; II: 17-24, 26-27; III: 17-30 hepatic enzyme disorders in, I: 687 hepatobiliary cancers in, I: 455, 457; II: 181, 185, 187; III: 283, 285-286, 288; IV: 7, 269 herbicide exposure assessment issues, II: 45, 14, 17-24, 26-27; III: 2, 5-6, 142, 143, 146-150; IV: 122-127 herbicide exposure assessment strategies for, I: 270-284; II: 99-109; III: 144-145 Hodgkin's disease in, I: 526, 554-556, 557; II: 235, 236; III: 372, 373, 376; IV: 6, 366-367 Immune modulation in, I: 695-696, 699; III: 489, 491 infertility, I: 632, 633, 634; II: 280; III: 445, 446, 450; IV: 7 International Agency for Research on Cancer research activities, III: 30 laryngeal cancer in, III: 294-295; IV: 6, 9, 278 latency relevance for assessing herbicides effect on cancer risk in, II: 276; III: 1213, 430-431 legislation concerning herbicide exposure and health of, II: 28-29; III: 26-27 leukemia in, I: 13, 564, 570, 571-572; II: 245, 246; III: 385, 386, 389, 392; IV: 7, 380 lipid abnormalities in, I: 689, 692; II: 333; III: 505-506, 521; IV: 7, 494 liver toxicity in, II: 332; III: 512-513; IV: 502-504 low birthweight outcomes for, I: 626, 628; III: 457, 459; IV: 7 lung cancer in, III: 298, 301; IV: 6, 283 melanoma in, III: 316, 317; IV: 303-304 military experiences, I: 75, 82, 272, 286, 399 motor/coordination dysfunction in, I: 659660, 662; II: 309, 310; III: 469, 470; IV: 7, 448 multiple myeloma in, I: 526, 562, 563; II: 244; III: 380, 382; IV: 6, 10, 373 nasal/nasopharyngeal cancer in, I: 459, 460; II: 189; III: 290, 291; IV: 7, 275 National Personnel Records Center listing, I: 17 neural tube defects in offspring, numbers, II: 297; IV: 7, 18, 404-405 neurobehavioral disorders in, II: 305, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314; III: 467, 468; IV: 457-459 neuropsychiatric outcomes, I: 653-656, 658; II: 308; III: 469; IV: 443 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in, I: 526, 541 Read the entire page →
From page 603... ... INDEX 548, 549; II: 234; III: 363, 365, 370371; IV: 6, 357-358 number of, I: 3, 4, 74, 75-80 outreach activities; II: 31; III: 28 Parkinson's disease in, II: 309-310 perinatal deaths in offspring, II: 285; III: 454, 455, 456; IV: 7 peripheral nervous system disorders in, I: 665, 666; II: 311, 313; III: 473, 475; IV: 6, 7, 456 porphyria cutanea tarda in, I: 681, 682-683; II: 321-322, 323; III: 481, 482; IV: 6, 8 prostate cancer in, I: 513, 518, 519, 522; II: 9, 217-218, 221, 223; III: 336, 338, 339, 340, 342; IV: 6, 8, 10, 329 records-based exposure assessment, I: 271280; IV: 121-126 records identification, II: 24-25 renal cancers in, III: 352, 353, 355; IV: 7, 347 reproductive outcomes, I: 405-406, 418, 601-603, 609-615, 618, 620-622, 625; II: 71, 278, 300-301; III: 435, 436, 437438, 445, 446, 450, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459; IV: 7, 402 research recommendations, II: 23-25; III: 23 respiratory cancers in, I: 469-470, 472; II: 190, 201-202, 203; IV: 6, 283 respiratory disorders in, I: 710-712, 713714; III: 485-486; IV: 7, 474 risk assessment for, I: 14-15, 221, 225-226, 247-248, 578; II: 14, 22-23, 89, 91, 251, 276, 298, 300-301, 314, 321, 323, 349357; III: 14-15, 22-23, 124, 127-128, 430-431; IV: 20, 105-108 serum testing, I: 20-21 skin cancer in, I: 501, 505; II: 209; III: 312; IV: 7, 301 soft-tissue sarcoma in, I: 475, 492-498, 500; II: 205, 208; III: 309-310; IV: 6, 294295 South Korea, I: 61-62 spine bifida in offspring, II: 9-10, 296, 298, 301; III: 7, 8, 9-10, 21, 24-25, 437-438; IV: 7, 10, 18, 402 spontaneous abortions in, I: 601-603, 605; II: 283; IV: 7, 411 state-sponsored studies of, II: 152-153, 158159, 161, 202, 292; III: 213-215, 243244; IV: 158-159 suicide incidence, I: 655-656 603 testicular cancer in, II: 153; III: 343-344, 345-346; IV: 7, 336-337 twin studies, I: 398-399, 406, 703, 711 Vietnamese veterans, Vietnamese studies of, III: 245 women, I: 50, 83-84; II: 152-153, 180, 181, 190, 201, 204, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216-217, 218, 223, 226, 228, 229, 231, 245, 278, 280; III: 326-329, 333, 434435; IV: 316 See also Air Force Health Study (AFHS) ; Compensation, veterans; Demographic data, Vietnam veterans; Operation Ranch Hand; Risk assessment, Vietnam veterans Vietnam veterans' exposure studies, II: 154, 156-157, 158-159; III: 206-209, 210217,275,278,279,281,283,288,291, 305,310,312,316,317,323,326,328, 336, 342, 345-346, 351, 355, 370-371, 376, 382, 437-438, 450, 454, 455, 456, 459, 497, 521; IV: 150, 156-158, 262, 264, 272-273, 276-277 Vietnam veterans' increased disease risk, II: 22-23; III: 22-23 Vietnam Veterans of America, I: 60 Vietnamese birth defects and herbicide exposure, II: 287-288 cancer in, II: 148; III: 283 epidemiologic studies, I: 599-601; II: 113, 144-145, 148, 184, 287-288; III: 202, 234, 283 herbicide environmental exposure, II: 144145, 148, 287-288; III: 283 herbicide exposure assessment, I: 269, 370372; II: 4-5, 108-109; III: 156-157; IV: 116-117 herbicide exposure indices development, II: 107-108 reproductive outcomes, I: 599-601, 608609; IV: 148-149 research recommendations, I: 731 scientists in, studies of Vietnamese veterans, III: 245 Vietnamese Veterans, IV: 160 Viral infection immune system response, I: 692-693 TCDD-enhanced susceptibility, I: 149 teratogenic potential, I: 607 See also Immune system disorders Read the entire page →
From page 604... ... See Breast cancer; Cervical cancer; Demographic data, Vietnam veterans; Gender; Ovarian cancer; Reproductive system cancers, women; Reproductive system disorders; Uterine cancer; Women veterans Women veterans, I: 79; II: 30 breast cancer estimated risk, II: 218; III: 329; IV: 318 INDEX breast cancer expected incidence, I: 440, 461, 501, 505, 513, 522, 526, 564; II: 213; IV: 314 breast cancer in, II: 213, 216-217; III: 322. 324-328, 329; IV: 314-320 circulatory disease in, I: 702 epidemiologic studies, I: 50, 81; II: 28, 152153, 180, 181, 190, 201, 204, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213-217, 218, 219-223, 226, 228, 229, 231, 245, 278, 280; III: 324328, 333; IV: 314-320 mortality studies, I: 394-395, 470, 545; II: 152-153, 180, 201 reproductive outcomes, III: 434-435; IV: 399-400 reproductive system cancers in, II: 211, 212; III: 333; IV: 320-326 research recommendations, I: 728 statistics, I: 83-84 See also Reproductive system cancers, women Women Veterans Health Programs Act of 1992. Read the entire page →

From page 533...

... See Air Force Health Study Aflatoxin, I: 453; IV: 267 Africa, sub-Saharan, II: 181; III: 282; IV: 267 Age and aging acute lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 9, 378 533 acute myeloid leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 bone cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 302; IV: 288 brain cancer incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 356; IV: 351 breast cancer incidence in US women, data for selected age groups, III: 324; IV: 314 cancer age-specific incidence, I: 436-438 chronic lymphocytic leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 chronic myeloid leukemia incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 384; IV: 378 diabetes prevalence, data by age, III: 492 epidemiologic studies, control of aging effects, II: 261-262; III: 409; IV: 3, 13, 23 female reproductive system cancer incidence, data by type, for selected age groups, III: 329, 330; IV: 321 gastrointestinal tract cancer incidence, data by type for selected age groups, III: 267; IV: 250 Hodgkin's disease incidence, data for selected age groups, III: 372; IV: 365

Index Pages 533-604

Index
Pages 533-604