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From page 173... ... See Accelerated Strategi Computing Initiative 1 73 Astrophysics, 13, 45 neutrino, 81 nuclear, 64-67 radiation transport advances in, 3 Atmospheric research, 1 21 Atom cool i ng and trappi ng, 22-24 Atomic clocks, 25-26 Atom ic force m icroscopy (AFM) , 1 43 Atomic physicists, 1 2 Atomic physics, 1 9, 1 29 Atomic systems, many-body challenges in, 3 Atoms, 1 1 manipulating, 22-28 Axions, 61, 78 B B mesons, 77-78 lo-quark, 77 Bal I istic m issi le defense, 1 22 Baryon-number conservation, 68 Basic research Department of Defense support of, 1 29-1 30 federal government role in support of, 1 57-1 61 security and, 1 25 BEC. Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... See Relativistic Heavy Ion Col I ider Colloids, 40-41 Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) , 146 Communications, 127 electronics for, 122 fiber-optic, 138-144, 152 Complex systems, 3-4, 37-54 Earth and its surroundings, 51-54 high-energy-density systems, 43-45 nonequilibrium behavior of matter, 3841 physics in biology, 3-4, 45-51 turbulence in fluids, plasmas, and gases, 41-43 understanding, 154 Compound semiconductor structures, 142 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 123 Computation, quantum, 3, 1 0, 1 2, 27 Computational physics, 1 37 Computational sciences, 123, 127 Computerized tomography, 1 1 0 Condensed-matter physicists, 1 2 Condensed-matter physics, 9, 19 many-body challenges in, 3 Continental crust flows, 52 Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, 12 Cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs) Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... , 1 36 Ductile flows, 52 DWDM. See Dense WDM E Earth as a dynamo, 44 and its surroundings, 51-54 Earthquake dynamics, 37, 51-52 Economy, 131-148 information storage, 144-148 integrated circuits, 135-138 optical-fiber communication, 1 38-1 44 Education in physics, 91-106, 161-162 graduate, 103-106 K-1 2, 94-96 undergraduate, 96-102 Einstein's relativity, general theory of, 64, 67 Elastics, biological, 14 Electricity, Maxwell's theory of, 9 Electrocardiograms, 1 1 5 Electroencephalograms, 1 1 5 Electromagnetic force, 64 Electromagnetic interactions, 1 52 Electromagnetic waves, 58 Electron energy levels, 33 Electron microscopy, 19, 159 Electron Electronics ic states, laser control of, 27-28 for communications, 1 22 molecular, 33 Electrons, 11, 14 manipulating, 22-28 Electroweak forces, 5, 72-75, 1 56 Electroweak interactions, 72, 80 Elementary particles, 5 Emulsions, 40 Enabling technologies, key, 148 Energy levels, electron, 33 Energy production, and the environment, 120-121 Entangled states, 34 engineering of, 33-36 Environment, 1 1 6-1 21 energy production and, 1 20-1 21 improving, 1 17-1 19 monitoring, 117-119 the ocean-atmosphere system, 116-117 Environmental protection and remediation, 123 Erbium fiber ampl if iers, 1 38 Eruption prediction, Pinatubo and, 53 Evolution of the universe, 4-5, 55-69 new links, 61-68 new windows on, 56-61 questions and opportunities, 68-69 Exploration of the universe, next steps in, 56 F Facilities, large, 164-165 Failure modes, 39-40 Federal science agencies, 7, 170-171 peer review, 7, 170-171 program management, 7, 170 Fiber amplifiers, 138-139 dispersion-shifted, 141 optics, 1 08, 1 59 Fiber-optic communication, 1 52 Field-effect transistor (PET) Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... See G lobal Position i ng System Graduate education, 103-105 employment of Ph.D.'s, 104-105 implications of changing opportunities, 105 supply, 103-104 Grand unification, 80 Grand unified scale, 80, 83 Grand unified theory, 80 Granular materials, 39 Gravitational physics, 1 3 Gravitational waves, 4, 58-59, 61 Gravity, 5, 55, 83-86, 156 quantum, 64, 68 Groups, supporting small, 163-164 H Hall effect, fractional quantum, 31 Health and biomedical sciences, 1 07-l 15 diagnosis, 108-113 therapy, 107-108 understanding the body, 1 1 3-1 1 5 Heavy nuclei, 14 Heterostructures, magnetic, 146 Hidden symmetries CP symmetry, 76-78 electroweak force, 72-75 matter and antimatter, 78 and the standard model, 71-78 strong force, 75-76 Higgs boson, 73 High-density magnetic storage media, 74 H igh-energy col I iders, 5 H igh-energy-density physics, 1 23 systems, 38, 43-45 High-energy gamma-ray bursts, 64 High redshift, 64 H igh-temperature superconductors, 4, 1 2, 28-29 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) , 132 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... , 73, 75-76 Large-scale structure, 3, 154 Lasers, 1 52 control of electronic states, 27-28 cooling, 22 guidance, 122 keratotomy, 1 08 scan n i ng m icroscopy, 1 1 2-1 1 3 Lattice gauge theory, 76 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 45, 123 Laws and symmetries, 70-88 hidden symmetries and the standard model, 71-78 the length scales of nature, 86-88 new physics for a new era, 79-86 Length scales of nature, 86-88 LEP facility, 75 Leptons, families of, 79 LHC. See Large Hadron Collider LIGO detector, 57 Long-range force, 64 Long-range observation, 127 Los Alamos National Laboratory, 4, 123, 172 Low-temperature superconductors, 31 M Magnetic heterostructures and nanostructures, 146 Magnetic materials, 12 Magnetic resonance, 1 59 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... See Magnetic resonance imaging MSW effect, 82 N Nanocrystals, 147 su perlattices of, 1 47 Nanoparticles, 147 Nanoscale physics, 31 Nanoscale structures and molecular electronics, 33 artificial, 31-33 building blocks for, 147 fabrication of, 31-32 magnetic, 146 self-assembly of, 32 Nanotechnology, 10, 127 Nanotubes, 33 National Ignition Facility (NIF) , 45, 124 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... See National Institutes of Health Nonequilibrium behavior of matter, 38-41 colloids, 40-41 failure modes, 39-40 foams and emulsions, 40 fracture and crack propagation, 39-40 glasses, 39 granular materials, 39 nonequilibrium solids, 39 Nonequilibrium processes, 4 Nonlinear phenomena, 3 Nuclear astrophysics, 64-67 Nuclear fission and fusion, 1 52 Nuclear forces, 64 strong, 3, 1 56 Nuclear magnetic resonance, 12, 46 Nuclear physics, 1 1, 123, 127 Nuclear power, 9, 1 20 Nuclear stockpiles, aging, 1 22 Nuclear systems, many-body challenges in, 3 Nuclei, heavy, 14 Nucleosynthesis, 65 o Ocean-atmosphere system, 116-117 Office of Defense Programs, 7, 123, 167 Omega laser, 66, 124 Optical amplifiers, 141 Optical-fiber communication, 1 38-1 44 Optical physicists, 12 Optical tweezers, 10, 14, 114 p Particle col I iders, 9 Partnerships, 7, 1 68-1 70 Pattern recognition, 53, 127 Peer review, in federal science agencies, 7, 170-171 Permeation, of ion channels, 49 Phase transitions, 50 Photobiology, 48 Photovoltaic cel Is, 1 20 Physics. See also Biophysics and the Department of Defense, 127129 applying to biology, 1 54-1 55 atomic, 19, 129 big, smal 1, 1 62-1 65 computational, 137 condensed-matter, 3, 9, 1 9 elementary-particle, 62 gravitational, 1 3 high-energy-density, 123 information, 8, 12-122 molecular, 129 nanoscale, 31 new, 79-86 nuclear, 1 1, 1 23, 1 27 plasma, 129 quantum, 129 women in, 93 Physics and society, 89-148, 157-167 economy and the information age, 1 3 1 -1 48 environment, 1 16-121 health and biomedical sciences, 107-1 15 investing in physics, 157-161 national security, 122-130, 166-167 Physics education, 6, 91-106, 161-162 graduate, 103-106 K-1 2 physics, 94-96 undergraduate, 96-102 Physics frontiers, 1 7-87 complex systems, 3-4, 37-54 fundamental laws and symmetries, 7088 quantum manipulation and new materials, 3, 1 9-36 1 79 Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... See Quantum chromodynamics Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) , 76 strong interaction of, 80 Quantum computation, 3, 10, 12, 27 Quantum-controlled chemistry, 3 Quantum cryptography, 3, 34-35 Quantum dots, 147 Quantum entanglement, 27 Quantum gravity, 64, 68 Quantum information, and the engineering of entangled states, 33-36 Quantum-limited measurement instruments, 27 Quantum manipulation, 3, 19-36 artificial nanoscale structures, 31-33 manipulating atoms and electrons, 2228 new materials from, 4, 28-31 new tools for observation in the quantum regime, 20-22 Quantum many-body chal lenges, 1 54 Quantum mechanics, 11, 27, 152 Quantum physics, 129 Quantum regime, achieving and using, 2425 Quantum soup, 55 Quantum systems, entangled, 34 Quantum technologies, 3 developing, 154 Quark dynamics, 9 Quarks, 1 1, 70, 86 families of, 79 Quasars, 13, 61 hugely luminous, 67 Qubit (quantum bit of information) Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... See Synthetic aperture radar SAR interferograms, 52 Satellites, reconnaissance, 122 Scanning atomic probe microscope, 1 9 Scan n i ng tu n nel i ng m icroscope, 20-21 Science agencies, federal, 170-171 Scientific priorities and opportunities, 1531 56 applying physics to biology, 1 54-1 55 creating new materials, 155 developing quantum technologies, 1 54 exploring the universe, 1 55-1 56 understanding complex systems, 1 54 unifying the forces of nature, 156 Security, and basic research, 125 Self-organized criticality, 52 Semiconductors, 9 compound structures of, 142 Silicon semiconductor industry, 1 35 Single-investigator research, 6, 1 63-1 64 SLC. See Stanford Li near Accelerator Center facility Small-group research, 6, 1 63-1 64 SN O Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... , 1 39 WDM. See Wavelength division multiplexing Weak charges, 71 Weak currents, 71 Weak force, 71 Weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological, 123 Wind energy, 1 20 World Wide Web, 9, 1 32 X X-ray crystal lography, 46, 1 59 X-ray sou rces, 1 9, 61 X rays, 14, 109, 152 z Z bosons, 86 Z-pinch device, 124 Read the entire page →

From page 173...

... See Accelerated Strategi Computing Initiative 1 73 Astrophysics, 13, 45 neutrino, 81 nuclear, 64-67 radiation transport advances in, 3 Atmospheric research, 1 21 Atom cool i ng and trappi ng, 22-24 Atomic clocks, 25-26 Atom ic force m icroscopy (AFM) , 1 43 Atomic physicists, 1 2 Atomic physics, 1 9, 1 29 Atomic systems, many-body challenges in, 3 Atoms, 1 1 manipulating, 22-28 Axions, 61, 78 B B mesons, 77-78 lo-quark, 77 Bal I istic m issi le defense, 1 22 Baryon-number conservation, 68 Basic research Department of Defense support of, 1 29-1 30 federal government role in support of, 1 57-1 61 security and, 1 25 BEC.

Read the entire page →

From page 174...

... See Relativistic Heavy Ion Col I ider Colloids, 40-41 Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) , 146 Communications, 127 electronics for, 122 fiber-optic, 138-144, 152 Complex systems, 3-4, 37-54 Earth and its surroundings, 51-54 high-energy-density systems, 43-45 nonequilibrium behavior of matter, 3841 physics in biology, 3-4, 45-51 turbulence in fluids, plasmas, and gases, 41-43 understanding, 154 Compound semiconductor structures, 142 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 123 Computation, quantum, 3, 1 0, 1 2, 27 Computational physics, 1 37 Computational sciences, 123, 127 Computerized tomography, 1 1 0 Condensed-matter physicists, 1 2 Condensed-matter physics, 9, 19 many-body challenges in, 3 Continental crust flows, 52 Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, 12 Cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs)

Read the entire page →

From page 175...

... , 1 36 Ductile flows, 52 DWDM. See Dense WDM E Earth as a dynamo, 44 and its surroundings, 51-54 Earthquake dynamics, 37, 51-52 Economy, 131-148 information storage, 144-148 integrated circuits, 135-138 optical-fiber communication, 1 38-1 44 Education in physics, 91-106, 161-162 graduate, 103-106 K-1 2, 94-96 undergraduate, 96-102 Einstein's relativity, general theory of, 64, 67 Elastics, biological, 14 Electricity, Maxwell's theory of, 9 Electrocardiograms, 1 1 5 Electroencephalograms, 1 1 5 Electromagnetic force, 64 Electromagnetic interactions, 1 52 Electromagnetic waves, 58 Electron energy levels, 33 Electron microscopy, 19, 159 Electron Electronics ic states, laser control of, 27-28 for communications, 1 22 molecular, 33 Electrons, 11, 14 manipulating, 22-28 Electroweak forces, 5, 72-75, 1 56 Electroweak interactions, 72, 80 Elementary particles, 5 Emulsions, 40 Enabling technologies, key, 148 Energy levels, electron, 33 Energy production, and the environment, 120-121 Entangled states, 34 engineering of, 33-36 Environment, 1 1 6-1 21 energy production and, 1 20-1 21 improving, 1 17-1 19 monitoring, 117-119 the ocean-atmosphere system, 116-117 Environmental protection and remediation, 123 Erbium fiber ampl if iers, 1 38 Eruption prediction, Pinatubo and, 53 Evolution of the universe, 4-5, 55-69 new links, 61-68 new windows on, 56-61 questions and opportunities, 68-69 Exploration of the universe, next steps in, 56 F Facilities, large, 164-165 Failure modes, 39-40 Federal science agencies, 7, 170-171 peer review, 7, 170-171 program management, 7, 170 Fiber amplifiers, 138-139 dispersion-shifted, 141 optics, 1 08, 1 59 Fiber-optic communication, 1 52 Field-effect transistor (PET)

Read the entire page →

From page 176...

... See G lobal Position i ng System Graduate education, 103-105 employment of Ph.D.'s, 104-105 implications of changing opportunities, 105 supply, 103-104 Grand unification, 80 Grand unified scale, 80, 83 Grand unified theory, 80 Granular materials, 39 Gravitational physics, 1 3 Gravitational waves, 4, 58-59, 61 Gravity, 5, 55, 83-86, 156 quantum, 64, 68 Groups, supporting small, 163-164 H Hall effect, fractional quantum, 31 Health and biomedical sciences, 1 07-l 15 diagnosis, 108-113 therapy, 107-108 understanding the body, 1 1 3-1 1 5 Heavy nuclei, 14 Heterostructures, magnetic, 146 Hidden symmetries CP symmetry, 76-78 electroweak force, 72-75 matter and antimatter, 78 and the standard model, 71-78 strong force, 75-76 Higgs boson, 73 High-density magnetic storage media, 74 H igh-energy col I iders, 5 H igh-energy-density physics, 1 23 systems, 38, 43-45 High-energy gamma-ray bursts, 64 High redshift, 64 H igh-temperature superconductors, 4, 1 2, 28-29 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) , 132 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Read the entire page →

From page 177...

... , 73, 75-76 Large-scale structure, 3, 154 Lasers, 1 52 control of electronic states, 27-28 cooling, 22 guidance, 122 keratotomy, 1 08 scan n i ng m icroscopy, 1 1 2-1 1 3 Lattice gauge theory, 76 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 45, 123 Laws and symmetries, 70-88 hidden symmetries and the standard model, 71-78 the length scales of nature, 86-88 new physics for a new era, 79-86 Length scales of nature, 86-88 LEP facility, 75 Leptons, families of, 79 LHC. See Large Hadron Collider LIGO detector, 57 Long-range force, 64 Long-range observation, 127 Los Alamos National Laboratory, 4, 123, 172 Low-temperature superconductors, 31 M Magnetic heterostructures and nanostructures, 146 Magnetic materials, 12 Magnetic resonance, 1 59 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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From page 178...

... See Magnetic resonance imaging MSW effect, 82 N Nanocrystals, 147 su perlattices of, 1 47 Nanoparticles, 147 Nanoscale physics, 31 Nanoscale structures and molecular electronics, 33 artificial, 31-33 building blocks for, 147 fabrication of, 31-32 magnetic, 146 self-assembly of, 32 Nanotechnology, 10, 127 Nanotubes, 33 National Ignition Facility (NIF) , 45, 124 National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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From page 179...

... See National Institutes of Health Nonequilibrium behavior of matter, 38-41 colloids, 40-41 failure modes, 39-40 foams and emulsions, 40 fracture and crack propagation, 39-40 glasses, 39 granular materials, 39 nonequilibrium solids, 39 Nonequilibrium processes, 4 Nonlinear phenomena, 3 Nuclear astrophysics, 64-67 Nuclear fission and fusion, 1 52 Nuclear forces, 64 strong, 3, 1 56 Nuclear magnetic resonance, 12, 46 Nuclear physics, 1 1, 123, 127 Nuclear power, 9, 1 20 Nuclear stockpiles, aging, 1 22 Nuclear systems, many-body challenges in, 3 Nuclei, heavy, 14 Nucleosynthesis, 65 o Ocean-atmosphere system, 116-117 Office of Defense Programs, 7, 123, 167 Omega laser, 66, 124 Optical amplifiers, 141 Optical-fiber communication, 1 38-1 44 Optical physicists, 12 Optical tweezers, 10, 14, 114 p Particle col I iders, 9 Partnerships, 7, 1 68-1 70 Pattern recognition, 53, 127 Peer review, in federal science agencies, 7, 170-171 Permeation, of ion channels, 49 Phase transitions, 50 Photobiology, 48 Photovoltaic cel Is, 1 20 Physics. See also Biophysics and the Department of Defense, 127129 applying to biology, 1 54-1 55 atomic, 19, 129 big, smal 1, 1 62-1 65 computational, 137 condensed-matter, 3, 9, 1 9 elementary-particle, 62 gravitational, 1 3 high-energy-density, 123 information, 8, 12-122 molecular, 129 nanoscale, 31 new, 79-86 nuclear, 1 1, 1 23, 1 27 plasma, 129 quantum, 129 women in, 93 Physics and society, 89-148, 157-167 economy and the information age, 1 3 1 -1 48 environment, 1 16-121 health and biomedical sciences, 107-1 15 investing in physics, 157-161 national security, 122-130, 166-167 Physics education, 6, 91-106, 161-162 graduate, 103-106 K-1 2 physics, 94-96 undergraduate, 96-102 Physics frontiers, 1 7-87 complex systems, 3-4, 37-54 fundamental laws and symmetries, 7088 quantum manipulation and new materials, 3, 1 9-36 1 79

Read the entire page →

From page 180...

... See Quantum chromodynamics Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) , 76 strong interaction of, 80 Quantum computation, 3, 10, 12, 27 Quantum-controlled chemistry, 3 Quantum cryptography, 3, 34-35 Quantum dots, 147 Quantum entanglement, 27 Quantum gravity, 64, 68 Quantum information, and the engineering of entangled states, 33-36 Quantum-limited measurement instruments, 27 Quantum manipulation, 3, 19-36 artificial nanoscale structures, 31-33 manipulating atoms and electrons, 2228 new materials from, 4, 28-31 new tools for observation in the quantum regime, 20-22 Quantum many-body chal lenges, 1 54 Quantum mechanics, 11, 27, 152 Quantum physics, 129 Quantum regime, achieving and using, 2425 Quantum soup, 55 Quantum systems, entangled, 34 Quantum technologies, 3 developing, 154 Quark dynamics, 9 Quarks, 1 1, 70, 86 families of, 79 Quasars, 13, 61 hugely luminous, 67 Qubit (quantum bit of information)

Read the entire page →

From page 181...

... See Synthetic aperture radar SAR interferograms, 52 Satellites, reconnaissance, 122 Scanning atomic probe microscope, 1 9 Scan n i ng tu n nel i ng m icroscope, 20-21 Science agencies, federal, 170-171 Scientific priorities and opportunities, 1531 56 applying physics to biology, 1 54-1 55 creating new materials, 155 developing quantum technologies, 1 54 exploring the universe, 1 55-1 56 understanding complex systems, 1 54 unifying the forces of nature, 156 Security, and basic research, 125 Self-organized criticality, 52 Semiconductors, 9 compound structures of, 142 Silicon semiconductor industry, 1 35 Single-investigator research, 6, 1 63-1 64 SLC. See Stanford Li near Accelerator Center facility Small-group research, 6, 1 63-1 64 SN O

Read the entire page →

From page 182...

... , 1 39 WDM. See Wavelength division multiplexing Weak charges, 71 Weak currents, 71 Weak force, 71 Weapons of mass destruction, chemical and biological, 123 Wind energy, 1 20 World Wide Web, 9, 1 32 X X-ray crystal lography, 46, 1 59 X-ray sou rces, 1 9, 61 X rays, 14, 109, 152 z Z bosons, 86 Z-pinch device, 124

Read the entire page →

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Index Pages 173-182

Index
Pages 173-182