Biographical Memoirs Volume 79 (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Oliver Reynolds Wulf
Oliver Reynolds Wulf
Pages 396-412
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O~R.1~J~ To - o o En no .kilo, U
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Oliver Wulf was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on April 22, 1897. He was the son of Otto Ernest Wulf en cl Grace Reynoicis Wulf, he hac!
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light bulb. Oliver found greatly increased opportunity upon going from grammar school to high school, the Norwich Free Academy.
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time taking freshman chemistry en cl physics courses, but his gracles were neither goocl nor bacI. Professor Farrington Daniels, who became one of the foremost physical chemists of the time, took a goof!
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" Wulf concentrated on preparing pure ozone, and he weighed bulbs of that gaseous material on a sensitive balance. He found the molecular weight of ozone to be indeed IS, establishing that it was O3.
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the stream through chemical traps to remove water, carbon clioxicle, en cl nitrogen oxides, sent the pure ciry oxygen between two concentric glass cylinders, and applied a silent electric discharge, which broke oxygen (O2) apart to give two oxygen atoms (O)
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Professor Noyes met the Wulfs at the Pasadena station en c! introclucec!
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When Wulf took up graduate work at Caltech uncler Professor Richard Tolman, he stucliecl the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of ozone by two methocis: (~) a static methoc!
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Professor Raymond Birge in the physics department at Berkeley hacl an active program in spectroscopy, inclucling infrared! spectroscopy of molecules as relatecl to their shapes, ultraviolet spectroscopy of cliatomic molecules, en cl hydrogen atom emission.
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on movement of the gas relative to the source. In his worcis, Flow away from the source may bring ozone formed where radiation is being strongly absorbed to regions where photochemically it is dark, the ozone is stable and thus stored, while flow toward the source, any such stored ozone would be erased in the region of strong absorption of radiation.
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air, set in motion by wincis in the upper atmosphere, movecl across lines of force in Earth's magnetic field to produce small but observable magnetic signals at the surface of Earth. Wulf's major research at Caltech after he returned in 1945 was collaboration with Seth Nicholson, a solar astronomer en c!
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The realization that the movement of this photochemical ionized air reacted on the earth's magnetic field, in very small degree it is true, led to very great interest in the circumstance that probably this reaction to air motion in the lower ionosphere was being measured daily and not at one point occasionally, but at many magnetic observatories over the surface of the earth. Thus the realization that information concerning winds in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, that is the lower ionosphere, was probably contained in the daily continuous records of the earth's magnetic field, led to a strong feeling that here was a field in the atmospheric sciences holding great promise, and it is in the midst of work in this field that we are at present and planning to continue.
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Oliver Wulf instructed me how to prepare pure ozone, including the safety warnings. Later in my laboratory at Stanford, my graduate students and I made and used ozone for several studies.
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The thermal decomposition of ozone: I The homogeneity, order, specific rate and dependence of rate on total pressure.
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The absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere and its relation to atmospheric temperature and ozone content. Oxford Conference on Solar Radiation.
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Recurrent geomagnetic activity and lunar declination.
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