Materials in the New Millennium Responding to Society's Needs (2001) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Setting the Scene
Setting the Scene
Pages 7-15
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From page 7... ...
He was previously general manager of the Materials and Process Engineering Department at GE Aircraft Engines. His interests include the structureproperty relationships of high-strength materials, the performance of materials in extreme environments, materials processing, government policy as it affects materials, and the management of high-technology organizations.
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From page 8... ...
The problem is especially challenging for advanced materials, which are inherently distant from the market, do not yet have established proofs of principle, and thus involve greater market uncertainty and business risk. As a result, advanced materials seldom attract venture capital.
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From page 9... ...
Technology can contribute by anticipating application problems earlier in the R&D process, developing material models that are linked better to design objectives, and developing more efficient methods for variation reduction and probabilistic verification of product and process designs. Management approaches include encouraging collaboration between materials developers and users, putting earlier emphasis on cost reduction, focusing on demonstrations of specific components, and seeking patient capital to enable infrastructure development.
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From page 10... ...
Materials enabled most of the great engineering achievements of the twentieth century. Without materials improvements, seven of the top ten accomplishments would have been impossible: the Apollo moon landing, the airplane, the transistor, the Manhattan Project, the integrated circuit, the airplane jet engine, and the communications satellite.
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From page 11... ...
In doing all this it strives to meet three goals: · a diverse, internationally competitive workforce of scientists, engineers and citizens · discovery in the service of society · state-of-the-art, broadly accessible databases and shared tools for research and education Working toward these goals, as an agent for the government's investments in research and education, means seeking a broad portfolio of 1 1 i,
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From page 12... ...
Ideas such as molecular wiring and quantum corrals have already made clear the potential impact of the nanoscale on materials science. The president's recently announced nanotechnology initiative focuses on five areas: biosystems ($20 million)
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From page 13... ...
An alternative approach is to increase risk tolerance by using smaller companies, which, if successful, are then assimilated into larger companies. Universities feed their ideas and students into these smaller companies, thereby linking fundamental research with product development.
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From page 14... ...
An example of this is the continuing success of silicon versus gallium arsenide, despite predictions of silicon's demise. Q: At Lehigh, we teach students about the fiber-composite fan blades that almost caused the demise of Rolls Royce and about the airframe companies' aluminum-lithium alloy development program.
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From page 15... ...
This seems to be working effectively. Q: Jim Williams mentioned a threefold improvement in the thrust-toweight ratio of jet engines, but the slope of the improvement graph was dropping to near zero.
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