Strategic Highway Research Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life -- Special Report 260 (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B Development of Research Focus Areas
Appendix B Development of Research Focus Areas
Pages 167-191
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From page 167... ...
Possible research topics: Construction methods, innovative materials, nondestructive evaluation technologies, innovative contracting and finance, work zone safety, creative design (see below) , environmental mitigation design/ techniques, life-cycle cost analysis, development of performance measures for performance-related specifications.
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From page 168... ...
Table B-1 Development of F-SHRP Topics Initial Potential Potential Brainstorming Strategic Research List, Focus Areas, Topics, July 15, 1999 April 25, 2000 May 22, 2000 Infrastructure renewal · Accelerating the · Accelerating the · Accelerating the renewal of America's renewal of America's renewal of America's highways highways highways Achieve rapid, long lived, minimally disruptive recon struction of freeways and Interstates Achieve rapid, long lived, minimally disruptive recon struction of bridges Rebuild urban street networks to serve 21st-century cities Improve infrastruc ture investment deci sions by developing tools for asset man agement systems NOTE: Column heads correspond to the section headings in the text of Appendix B under which the listed items are discussed.
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From page 169... ...
Reintroduction Vision, Strategic Candidate of Fourth Focus Areas, Research Strategic and Research Topics, Focus Area, Topics, July 5, 2000 October 2000 March 2001 Infrastructure renewal · Accelerating the · Accelerating the · Rapid, long-lived, renewal of America's renewal of America's minimally disruptive highways highways highway renewal Improve infrastruc (Topics remained the ture investment deci same.) sions by developing tools for asset man agement systems Achieve rapid, long lived, minimally disruptive recon struction of freeways and Interstates Renew urban street networks to serve 21st-century cities Improve infrastruc ture condition and operations through better preservation strategies (continued on next page)
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From page 170... ...
170 Strategic Highway Research: Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life Table B-1 (continued) Development of F-SHRP Topics Initial Potential Potential Brainstorming Strategic Research List, Focus Areas, Topics, July 15, 1999 April 25, 2000 May 22, 2000 Safety · Making a quantum · Making a quantum · Making a quantum leap in highway leap in highway leap in highway safety safety safety Achieve a significant reduction in single vehicle run-off-the road crashes Achieve a significant reduction in intersec tion crashes Improve knowledge of crash causation through collection and analysis of more accurate and com plete safety data Improve the safety of highway designs through develop ment of a com pendium of information about the relationship between roadway design and safety Improve postcrash emergency medical services Achieve a significant reduction in truck related fatalities aAs a result of report review, the Safety strategic focus area was revised to read "Making a Sig nificant Improvement in Highway Safety," and the safety research program was revised to focus on crash factors and the cost-effectiveness of countermeasures.
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From page 171... ...
Development of Research Focus Areas 171 Reintroduction Vision, Strategic Candidate of Fourth Focus Areas, Research Strategic and Research Topics, Focus Area, Topics, July 5, 2000 October 2000 March 2001 Safety · Making a quantum · Making a quantum · Comprehensive leap in highway leap in highway crash causation safety safety study and selected Improve knowledge countermeasuresa (Topics remained the of crash causation same.) through collection and analysis of more accurate and com plete safety data Achieve a significant reduction in the number and severity of single-vehicle run off-the-road crashes Achieve a significant reduction in the number and severity of intersection crashes (continued on next page)
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From page 172... ...
Table B-1 (continued) Development of F-SHRP Topics Initial Potential Potential Brainstorming Strategic Research List, Focus Areas, Topics, July 15, 1999 April 25, 2000 May 22, 2000 Environmental quality · Integrated environ- · Serving population · Serving population mental review and economic and economic process growth by providing growth by providing · Controlling highway new capacity in an new capacity in an runoff environmentally environmentally sensitive way sensitive way Envision 21st (At this stage, the century highway concepts of environ- transportation mental quality, Envision 21st impact analysis, and century freight planning and design transportation were merged into a Improve single concept of transportation how to provide high- related air quality ways that meet a through better data wide range of cus- and models for tomer requirements.)
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From page 173... ...
highway systems Develop a toolkit for practitioners to use in delivering sustain able highway sys tems (continued on next page)
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From page 174... ...
174 Strategic Highway Research: Saving Lives, Reducing Congestion, Improving Quality of Life Table B-1 (continued) Development of F-SHRP Topics Initial Potential Potential Brainstorming Strategic Research List, Focus Areas, Topics, July 15, 1999 April 25, 2000 May 22, 2000 Operations · Enhancing mainte- · Enhancing mainte nance and opera- nance and opera tions in the tions in the information age information age Improve the speed and efficacy of inci dent management and response Significantly reduce delay through improved conges tion management Prepare transporta tion institutions to implement ITS oper ations strategies Improve institutional preparedness for innovative mainte nance approaches Significantly improve pavement preservation Institutions · 21st-century trans- (This concept was discontinued as a separate category, portation agencies and institutional issues were integrated into each of the other strategic focus areas and research topics, as appropriate.)
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From page 175... ...
information to cus tomers Reducing congestion from nonrecurring incidents
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From page 176... ...
Possible research topics: Highway designs that communicate better with the driver and vehicle about safety, including the use of sensors and ITS-related technologies; safer designs that also meet environmental and aesthetic objectives; data collection and analysis regarding crash causation and improvements to safety from specific changes in roadway design; impact of the aging driver population; improved incident management.
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From page 177... ...
Achieving the combined goals of more economical commercial vehicle technology and high-quality and safe roadways requires a systems approach to the design of the vehicle and the highway. Possible research topics: Pavement materials, construction, design methodologies; pavementtruck interaction models; truck suspensions; safety design for trucks; economic analyses; use of separate facilities or lanes for trucks; use of ITS technologies, particularly to address the possible safety impacts of new truck designs.
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From page 178... ...
These demands include technical, environmental, economic, safety, social, and political requirements; the public's expectation of more communication; and the need for technologies and expertise not traditionally associated with highway engineers. Possible research topics: Ways to address the need for a more varied and highly skilled workforce, including recruitment, training, and retention of personnel; extent to which universities are preparing engineers and other professionals for this field; effects of outsourcing, including how much can be outsourced without detriment to the agency's responsiveness and ability to manage, whether this depends on the type of activity, and how asset management can best be accomplished.
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From page 179... ...
; better access and protection for bicycles and pedestrians; tools for data collection, such as event data recorders; a special study to investigate crash causation; development of standards and strategies for safety design; research on the effectiveness and best use of automated enforcement; commu
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From page 180... ...
Expected benefits: Better information and tools for decision making. Potential research topics: Travel and freight demand forecasting models; understanding of the influence of economic restructuring on transportation supply and demand; methods for evaluating intermodal trade-offs and for integrating modes in a more seamless way for both passengers and freight; consideration of potential increases in truck size and weight and their effects on safety, infrastructure, and operations; development of logistical tools and techniques; evaluation of new approaches, such as privately managed roads and truck-only facilities; analysis of relationships and trade-offs among capacity enhancement, access management, and land conservation; better data, analysis, and design tools for predicting and avoiding or mitigating environmental impacts; methods for better communicating with the public about complex transportation issues and for gathering more representative public input.
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From page 181... ...
Expected benefits: Better system performance for users; greater agency efficiency. Potential research topics: "Smart" materials; sensors; characterization and measurement of system operational performance; tools for asset management (including performance data, performance measures, and cost-accounting methods)
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From page 182... ...
4. Improve infrastructure investment decisions by developing tools for asset management systems.
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From page 183... ...
Improve Infrastructure Investment Decisions by Developing Tools for Asset Management Systems Managers of transportation agencies are faced with countless needs and limited resources. They need the best information and tools possible to help decide which investments will yield the best return in their state or locality.
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2. Achieve Rapid, Long-Lived, Minimally Disruptive Reconstruction of Freeways and Interstates Rehabilitation of aging highway infrastructure is a major concern to agencies across the country.
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From page 185... ...
Improve Knowledge of Crash Causation Through Collection and Analysis of More Accurate and Complete Safety Data Better understanding of the respective roles of the driver, the vehicle, and the roadway in highway crashes is critical to designing and operating a safer highway system. No comprehensive crash causation study has been conducted in the United States since a study performed in the 1970s by Indiana University.
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From page 186... ...
Research in support of addressing this highway safety problem might include some combination of the following specific topics: data collection/crash causation study; ITS technologies (automated warning systems, lane-keeping technologies) ; human factors research; improved highway design; signage, lighting, and pavement markings; and enforcement strategies (including automated enforcement)
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From page 187... ...
Strategic Focus Area 1: Accelerating the Renewal of America's Highways The following candidate research topics were included in this focus area at this stage: 1. Improve infrastructure development decisions by developing tools for asset management systems.
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From page 188... ...
Strategic Focus Area 3: Delivering a Sustainable Highway System 8. Improve scientific and policy information for sustainable highway systems; develop a toolkit for practitioners to use in delivering sustainable highway systems.
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From page 189... ...
Definition of minimum information requirements for various geo graphic, weather, and travel density conditions for the functional specifications of various roadway classes Information about intermodal connections and alternatives to increase transit use, including door-to-door travel times, costs, and walking/waiting times Technologies for collection, storage, sampling, and analysis of data Travel time prediction models Alternative detection and surveillance technologies 10. Reducing congestion from nonrecurring incidents: Approximately 60 percent of delay has been attributed to nonrecurring incidents, such as crashes, work zones, and special events.
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From page 190... ...
Traffic control technologies Traffic control techniques, based on micro simulation and micro analysis, for real-time management of supersaturated bottle necks; intensified traffic controls that might include automated and variable lane and speed control, coupled with automated enforcement Micro simulation traffic models for more user-friendly applica tions (improvements to CORSIM, for example) Low-cost/low-maintenance traffic-adaptive signal technology, especially for use in areas where special events occur regularly (near stadiums and convention centers, for instance)
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From page 191... ...
Comprehensive Crash Causation Study and Selected Countermeasures Overall goal: To build the foundation for a quantum leap in highway safety through the in-depth study of crash causation and the development of prototype countermeasures for selected crash types. Environmentally, Economically, and Socially Responsive Highway Development Overall goal: To develop approaches and tools for systematically integrating environmental, economic, and community requirements into the analysis, plan ning, and design of new highway capacity.
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