Spills of Emulsified Fuels Risks and Response (2002) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction and Overview
1 Introduction and Overview
Pages 7-13
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From page 7... ...
Projections for power generation from natural gas, coal, and nuclear power are expected to increase as a result of higher projected electricity demand and the improved operating costs and performance of nuclear plants. The use of renewable energy technologies for electricity generation is projected to grow slowly because of the relatively low costs of fossil-fired generation and because electricity restructuring favors less capital-intensive natural gas technologies over coal and baseload renewables.
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From page 8... ...
Included in this group is a special class of fuels termed emulsified fuels. UNDERSTANDING EMULSIFIED FUELS Emulsified fuels are multicomponent fuels analogous to water-in-oil emulsions.
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From page 9... ...
2There is no category for emulsified fuels in the Thomas Register, and a search of various combinations of "emulsion, oil, fuel, petroleum" does not identify any company that produces emulsified fuel oils. However, the Environmental Protection Agency has conducted tests of fuels from two companies that market emulsified fuel oils, Industrial Fuel Company of Hickory, N.C., and Clean Fuels Technology (CFT)
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From page 10... ...
The 1999 National Research Council report Spills of Nonfloating Oils, found that planning for spills of non-floating oil was inadequate, lacking in equipment, response plans, and cleanup methods. To support its own spill response planning, BITOR has implemented special precautions in spill prevention and safety measures, starting in 1994.
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From page 11... ...
Specifically, the sponsors asked that the study "describe the potential environmental impacts of transport-related spills of emulsified fuels, with emphasis on emulsified bitumen, in marine and fresh waters and specify the information needed to evaluate and respond to these risks" (Box 1.1~. Furthermore, the committee was asked to "consider relevant literature on transport-related spills of other emulsified fuels, such as emulsified petroleum products.
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From page 12... ...
As noted throughout the remaining chapters, the committee did identify areas in which study design and the resulting interpretations should be reexamined and some underlying assumptions reevaluated. Many of the general technical issues raised about Orimulsion during this study have analogues with spills of other emulsified fuels or spills of crude oil or liquid petroleum products.
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From page 13... ...
Environmental factors, such as salinity, affect the behavior of Orimulsion; thus, spills in different environmental settings may provide unique challenges or risks. A1though it is beyond the scope of this study to develop quantitative site-specific discussions of the fates and effects of spills of emulsified fuels, six qualitative spill scenarios are presented.
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