The Disposal of Radioactive Waste on Land (1957) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix F: Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Salt Cavities
Appendix F: Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Salt Cavities
Pages 108-142
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From page 108... ...
. APPENDIX F DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN SALT CAVITIES Report prepared for the Committee on Waste Dispo s al in Geologic Structure s by William B
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From page 109... ...
Characteristics of Radioactive Waste 9. Waste Production in Nuclear Power Plants 10.
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From page 110... ...
110. ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE 1 - Location of Me Principal Deposits of Rock Salt in the United States FIGURE 2 Area in New York Underiain by Salt FIGURE 3 - Area In Pennsyl~ra:iia Underlain by Salt FIGURE 4 - Area su Ohio UnderInin by Salt FIGURE 5 - Area ~ Michigan Underlain by Salt Page 114 115 116 118 120 FIGURE 6 - Area ~ Texas ~1 New Mexico Underlain by Salt 122 FIGURE 7 - Instated Capacity of Electric Utility Generating Plants - United States - 1920-1954 130 *
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From page 111... ...
. 1.1 One of the possibilities for the disposal of radioactive waste products derived from the operation of nuclear power plants is its underground storage in space formed thin deposits of rock salt.
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From page 112... ...
In that respect it is similar to ice, but the pressure and time required to produce observable plastic Dow ~ Basic are very much greater. The pressure required for He rapid deformation of rock salt is very great but, over long periods of time, much lower pressure may be expected to result ~ nowage.
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From page 113... ...
2. 4 Salt deposits are of sedimentary origin and cornrn only occur ~terbedded with other rocks, such as limestone, dolorn~te, skywrite and shale.
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From page 114... ...
~ -A \~-~ A' ~ ~ -< ~ - ~~ ~ lo ~ 10 13 it' , — ~ _ .
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From page 115... ...
it \ ;} on o OIL o ~ ~ a> a ~ - - > ~ ~ cl ~ .t A in ll, _ o c, 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ \ ~ 0 - ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ oo - ~ z 5 A o \\ X
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From page 116... ...
'ruO o cL ,~ o tlAB!
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From page 117... ...
The tote area ~ Ohio uncleria~n by salt deposits is over 15,000 square miles. Figure 4 shows the area ~ Ohio underlain by rock Art and the depth below sea level of the top of the salt.
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From page 118... ...
~118 ~ __ -~L r I;=:' FIG.4— AREA IN OHIO UNDERLAIN BY ROCK SAM a; WESTERN LIMIT OF SAW DEPOSITS ~ CONTOURS stowage DEPTH OF UPPERS - T SALT BED BELOW SEA LEVEL
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From page 119... ...
EXPIOFatOrY drilling has proved the existence of a large number of salt domes and, on the basis of geophysical e~dence, it is thought that salt forms the core of others. In northern Louisiana, southern-Arka~sas and east Texas, becicied rock salt of Jurassic (or Permian)
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From page 121... ...
salt occurs in the Delaware Basin of New Mexico and Texas. The margins of the area are known only approximately but the total area underlain bar salt mav be as large as 70 .
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From page 123... ...
4 . 4 About 20$0 of the salt production is obtained by underground mining of salt deposits.
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From page 125... ...
The Carey Salt Company operates a mine near Hutchison through a shaft 645' deep. The bed mined has a thickness of 10'.
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From page 126... ...
Myles Salt Comply produces salt at the Weeks Island salt dome from a shaft reported to tee 645' ~ kept. Carey Salt Companyis min~ng satt from the Winfield salt dome, Union Parish, from a depth of 83-8'.
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From page 127... ...
TAB ~ .F ~ ROCK SALT . ESTIMATED PROD UC TION BY STATES - 1 953 - Short Tons .
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From page 128... ...
In-~uclear reactors, the fission of one gram Of U235 produces about 1 gram of fission products. The fission products are, in part, gaseous and, in part, liquid or solid form, depending upon the fuel used.
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From page 129... ...
If the waste from the reactor is in solid form and included in the spent fuel elements, the waste is separated from the unconsumed uranium anti pluton~ n a chemical processing plant. in which the solids are clissolvec end the waste thereafter separated by one of several methods .
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From page 130... ...
45 - ~ Is 1. a FIG.7- INSTALLED CAPACITY OF ELECTRIC UTILITY GENERATING PLANTS—UNITED STATES 1920 - 19s4 After ~J.A.
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From page 131... ...
It the capacity of the average nuclear plant were to be 500 megawatts electrical (or 2000 megawatts heat) 350 nuclear plats might be In operation ~ the United States by the year 2000 .
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From page 132... ...
They are transported, usually ~ solid form, to a chemical processing plant for recovery and separation of fissionable ~d fertile material from fission products In dilueut. This is accomplished by dissolving tibe elements an acid such as nitric acid, followed by selective solvent extraction of valuable components from diluents arid fission products.
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From page 133... ...
8. 6 The principal problems ~ connection with the transportation and storage of radioactive waste arise from its chemical character, the energy given off as heat, and radioactivity.
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From page 134... ...
It.2 The salt deposits of the north central states, New York, PennsyIvania, Ohio and Michigan, are adjacent to the Great-Takes ancl lie In part beneath Were bodies of water. It is possible ~ this region to use water transportation for Me movement of spent fuel to a processing plant from points as far separated as New York City on the east to Chicago or Duluth on the west.
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From page 135... ...
Some oftbe salt domes are berg m~ed end worked-gut space now exists. The feasibility of utilizing such '~pace for Me storage of radioactive waste ~d at the same tisne contra sing the operation of the salt mines would require detailed investigation.
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From page 136... ...
12.2 These advantages would not east to the same extent if the salt cavities were produced by pumping water into the salt formations ~d the removal of the salt as brie. The large extent of cavities formed by this method, the absence of roof support, and Me lack of control over Me uDdergrouncI distribution of radioactive waste introduced into such ca~ntie'; are di';advantages which make it inadvisable to consider the use of such space for disposal.
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From page 137... ...
13.7 It is feasible to excavate In underground salt deposits reservoirs . that are adequate to contain the volumes of liqu~d-waste that are con-templated ~ a program of development of nuclear power.
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From page 138... ...
14. RECOMMENDED STUDE:S In the light of present knowledge, no insurmo~mtable obstacles to the storage of radioactive waste In solid form ~ undergro~ci cannier In salt appear to exist.
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From page 139... ...
The design of suitable ventilation facilities for the removal of excessive heat from underground storage chambers. William B
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From page 140... ...
C., Mechanics calf formation of salt domes why special reference to Gulf Coast ant domes of Texas and Lomaiana: Am. Assoc.
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From page 141... ...
L`., fir., Notes on fission product wastes from proposed power reactors: ~ Report of meeting on ocean disposal of . reactor wastes held at Woods Hole, Mass., Aug.
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From page 142... ...
40: ~ Report of meeting on ocean disposal of reactor wastes held at Woods Hole, Mass., Aug. 5-6, 1954; Atomic Energy Comm NYO, Waste Disposal, p.
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