Oil in the Sea III Inputs, Fates, and Effects (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Oil and Gas Extraction
Appendix D: Oil and Gas Extraction
Pages 193-202
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From page 193... ...
Data bases used in this report include the Minerals Management Service Spill Data Base, the 1999 PEMEX Safety, Health and Environmental Report, Canadian Environmental Report, and data on pipeline spills in coastal waters are from the U.S. Coast Guard (see detailed discussion of spill data used, available at http://www4.national academies.org/dels/oilannex.nsf)
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From page 194... ...
Using these scattered data bases, an annual total discharge into Norh American waters by accidental spills from pipelines is calculated to be 1,690 tonnes per year. Offshore Oil and Gas Production and Pipeline Spill Summary Thus, the total documented average volume of petroleum hydrocarbons accidentally discharged from offshore facilities (platforms and pipelines)
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From page 195... ...
1990 9 2,621.15 779,882 291 86,654 1991 19 22.89 6,300 1 332 1992 9 319.97 86,730 36 9,637 1993 7 13.72 3,780 2 540 1994 2 599.74 190,684 300 95,342 1995 4 4.96 1,344 1 336 1996 4 25.65 6,952 6 1,738 1997 8 6.11 1,693 1 212 1998 6 1,559.60 430,214 260 71,702 1999 7 500.34 135,611 71 19,373 Total 75 5674.13 1,643,190 97 28,587 SOURCE: Minerals Management Service; Analysis by Environmental Research Consulting outs is even harder to estimate as data is even more difficult to acquire. As of 1993, there were 3,182 additional offshore oil and gas facilities located in non-North American waters (International Association of Oil and Gas Producers, 2000~.
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From page 196... ...
The lowest VOC rate in Tables 2-2 through 2-6 was used to estimate the lower bound estimate of VOC for each region, and the highest VOC rate was used to estimate the upper bound estimate. For regions where no VOC were published, the best estimate of VOC emissions was calculated by multiplying the average in Tables 2-2 through 2-6 by the
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From page 197... ...
Otherwise the pub- North American Estimates fished VOC rates were used to calculate the best estimate of VOC emissions. When viewing the tables in this section, it should be kept in mind that these are total estimated VOC released to the atmosphere.
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From page 198... ...
in North America during 1995 Offshore Air Emissions (VOC, k-tons per year) Offshore Oil Produced Oil Production Zone >10% 50% <-90% (k-tons/yr)
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From page 199... ...
Tables D-8 and D-9 show the estimated volumes of water and oil discharges from offshore produced water discharges for North America and other major offshore producing regions, where available. Data from the 1985 Oil in the Sea report (based on 1979 offshore oil production volumes)
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From page 200... ...
iSee Table D-9. TABLE D-9 Estimates of Oil and Grease Discharges from Produced Water Discharges in Other International Oil Production Areas, Using a Factor Derived from the Gulf of Mexico Offshore Country Oil Production Rate (kbbl/day)
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From page 201... ...
Canada started offshore oil production in eastern Canada in 1996. Produced water volumes, oil levels, and total oil discharges in 1999 were reported in a 1999 discharge summary for the Cohasset Project published by PanCanadian Petroleum Limited.
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From page 202... ...
This report included total produced water volumes, amount reinfected, amount discharged to the sea, oil concentration, and total oil discharged in tonnes. The values for Norway in Table D-8 are means for the period 1996-1997, and include oil discharges from produced water and ballast and drainage water.
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