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The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations Interim Report (2002) / Chapter Skim
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4. Assessing the Effectiveness of Emission Mitigation Techniques and Best Management Practices
Pages 66-74

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From page 66...
... Failure to adopt a comprehensive approach risks ignoring increased air emissions elsewhere and having increased adverse environmental effects on land or water resources. A comprehensive evaluation should allow policy analysis that includes quantification and valuation of all the predictable effects on social welfare, including public health, the environment, and the economy.
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From page 67...
... Changes in the flow and composition of effluents from the containment can then be used to analyze changes in air emissions and other effects occurring beyond the containment. In this example, such effects might include increased undesirable air emissions from open secondary storage containment, livestock buildings that use recycled containment supernatant for flushing, land on which supernatant and sludge are applied, and increased energy generation required to distribute the supernatant and sludge over a greater area.
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From page 68...
... Techniques for estimating benefits in the absence of direct market data include hedonic analysis (using changes in values of associated goods to estimate changes in the value of the good in question) and contingent valuation (using controlled consumer surveys to estimate values attributable to actions such as mitigating air emissions)
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From page 69...
... Although the emphasis for economic analysis is on marginal changes, effective analysis requires a clear understanding of the basic operations and economics of the farm enterprises being addressed. Thus, criteria for evaluating farm-level economic effects should capture the main economic factors that affect farm operations: costs, revenues, financial status, limited resource feasibility, and exposure to risk of substantial financial loss (liability)
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From page 70...
... ~. Textbooks on farm management provide farm specific methods for calculating investment, cost, revenue and profit, as well as farm enterprise feasibility.
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From page 71...
... The entire farm may be forced into bankruptcy if the change in financial status of the livestock operation reduces the financial status of the farm to an infeasible point. Financial status varies widely across farms, as does the relative financial importance of the livestock enterprise, so evaluation criteria for a new mitigation technology should capture its marginal impact on financial status (new capital required, new effects on debt versus assets, new effects on cash flow and debt
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From page 72...
... , power outages, absence of workers, equipment failure, upsets of biological systems, and any other occasional event that could adversely affect the technique or the operation of the farm. PARTIAL BUDGETING OR SELECTED COST AND RETURNS ESTIMATION The primary method for evaluating the farm-level economic effects of adoption of an emission mitigation technique is selected investment, costs and returns estimation.
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From page 73...
... Where farms have yet to adopt a mitigation technique or where researchers seek to extrapolate from limited survey data, a partial budgeting approach can be used. Instead of relying on survey data for selected cost and returns estimates, the partial budgeting approach models initial investment and costs and returns using quantities and prices from secondary sources.
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From page 74...
... Comprehensive analysis of prospective policy change requires a systems approach that captures direct and indirect effects. Criteria to evaluate air emission mitigation techniques should produce sufficient information to predict all relevant effects at the individual farm level, as well as at local, regional, and national levels.
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Key Terms

  • air emissions
  • economic effects
  • mitigation technique
  • financial status
  • initial investment

  • material flows
  • emission mitigation
  • evaluation criteria
  • policy change
  • occasional costs

  • operating costs
  • allow capture
  • livestock operation
  • capital costs
  • livestock enterprise

  • material flow
  • include increased
  • evaluate air
  • substantial financial
  • borrow money

  • national economic
  • livestock operations
  • selected investment
  • scheduled debt
  • useful life

  • proposed change
  • current dollars
  • potential sources
  • air emission
  • increased air


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