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From page 172... ... , 4, 9, 12. 19, 23-24, 65, 77, 93-96 Atlantic salmon, 21, 30, 39, 90-91, 113 Avian species 172 committee study at hand, methodology, 2,3,4,32 farm animals, 93-94, 104 gene expression, 96-97, 98-99 genetic diversity, reduction of, 48-49 infectious disease, general, 22-23, 49, 107 insect-borne diseases, 88 international perspectives, 95, 105, 107 pigs, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103-104, 105 regulatory issues, 103-104, 112 viral vectors, 46, 47 Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, 26 Animal Welfare Regulations Act, 112 Antibiotics, 17, 19, 23, 78 knockout/knockin techniques, 38 resistance to, 23, 44-45, 47, 52, 89 Aquatic organisms, 4, 11, 21 see also Fish; Shellfish; specific species off sh see also Poultry and eggs germline modifications, 35, 46, 47 viral vectors, 46, 47 B Bacteria, 36-37, 78 feces, 7, 62, 65 Read the entire page →
From page 173... ... , 4, 9, 12. 19, 23-24, 65, 77, 93-95 food safety, 65 genetic diversity, 48-49 germline modification and, 42 historical perspectives, 4, 20-21 marker-assisted selection and, 28-29 C Cancer, 43-44 leukemia, 46, 47, 52-53 Cats, 10, 46, 53, 83, 87 Biomedical applications, see Medical Applications Birds, see Avian species; Poultry and eggs Blastodermal cells, 35 Blastomere nuclear transfer (BNT) Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... ;174 Coho salmon, 16, 91 Conventional breeding, see Breeding, conventional Cost factors, 5, 31, 35 animal health and welfare, 106-107 Cultural issues, see Political issues; Social issues Cut-throat trout, 82 D Dairy cattle, see Beef and dairy cattle Definitional issues, 18 cloning, 18 environmental concerns, 73-75, 85-86 harm, 2, 8,33, 74-75 hazard, 32, 33 risk analysis and assessment, 2-3, 15, 33, 73-75 INDEX transfection, 5, 35-36, 38, 39 transposons, 5, 36-37, 46-47 xenotransplantation, 59-60 Dogs, 20, 83, 87 Dose-response assessment, 75 Drosophila, 34, 36-37 Drugs, see Pharmaceuticals E Ecologic hazards, see Environmental concerns Department of Agriculture, 26, 63, 113 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 21 Department of Health and Human Services, see Food and Drug Administration Department of the Interior, see Fish and Wildlife Service DNA, 42, 48, 96, 99 see also Chromosomes; Inserts concerns about manipulation of, 42-43 knockout techniques, 38 methylation, 41, 42, 43-44, 48, 96, 101 microinjection, 35, 38, 96-97, 99 pharmaceuticals, 52 proviruses, 41-42, 43, 52-53, 59-60 scientific uncertainty, 110 sequencing, 3, 4, 6, 18, 36, 38, 45 enhanced existing traits, 79-80 feral species, effects on, 4, 10, 11, 33, 81-92, 113-115 fitness, 77-78, 80-81 insects, 1, 4, 80, 81, 83, 87-89 Economic factors, 20, 33, 69, 104, 116, 117 animal health and welfare, 106-107 avian leukemia, 47 cost factors, 5, 31, 35, 106- 107 Eggs, see Poultry and eggs Electroporation, 35 Embryos and embryonic tissue, 5, 8, 24-26, 34, 41 animal health and welfare, 93-94, 96, 97 blastomere nuclear transfer, 8, 18, 25-27, 31, 63-64 embryo splitting (EMS) , 8, 26, 63-64 food safety, 8, 24-26, 63-65 knockout techniques, 38 nuclear transfer, 35, 39, 48, 63 stem cells, 5, 34-36, 38, 39-40 Endangered Species Act, 113 Environmental concerns, 3, 5, 9-11, 19, 21, 47, 62-63, 73-92, 113, 117 adaptability, 78 aquatic organisms, 4, 11, 21; see also Fish committee study at hand, methodology, 1,3,4,9-11,32,73-74 definitional issues, 73-75, 85-86 international perspectives, 87 regulatory issues, 87-92, 113, 114- 115 Environmental Protection Agency, 113 Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... , 1-3 (passim) , 23, 31, 63, 64, 111, 113-114 bovine somatotropin, 28 conventional breeding as biotechnology, 3 food safety, historical perspectives, 62, 70-71 xenotransplantation, 59 Food and food safety, 6-9, 16- 17, 18- 19, 61-72, 111, 117 see also Beef and dairy cattle; Fish; Milk and milk products; Poultry and eggs age factors, 9, 65, 70 allergenicity and hypersensitivity, 7-8, 61-62, 66, 67, 68-69 committee charge and methodology, 1, 2,6-9, 13,61,73 embryos, 8, 24-26, 63-65 ethical issues, 61, 63-65 gene expression, 64-65, 66, 67, 69 historical perspectives, 3, 5, 62, 70-71 international perspectives, 62, 69 labeling, 118 Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... , 28, 109 growth hormone (GH) , 28, 70-71, 90-92, 99- 100 IGF-1, 28, 71, 109 monosex fish, 30-31 pharmaceutical production, 51, 53 Horses, 83 Human health concerns, 42, 44, 49, 88, 103, 113, 116-117 see also Food and Drug Administration; Food and food safety; Medical science; Pharmaceuticals Human immunodeficiency virus, 41-42, 46, 59 Hypersensitivity, see Allergenicity and hypersensitivity I H Harm, general, 10,30, 32 see also Risk analysis and assessment, general defined, 2, 8, 33, 74-75 Hazard, 3-4, 11, 14, 15, 21 see also Risk analysis and assessment, general defined, 32,33 Historical perspectives, 1,3-4, 5-6, 18-20, 23,31, 34, 116-117 bovine somatotropin, 28 breeding, conventional, 4, 20-21 farm animals, 20, 21, 22, 23-24 food safety, 3, 5, 62, 70-71 hormones, 27 reproductive system, 25-26 risk analysis, 74-75 xenotransplantation, 56 HIV, see Human immunodeficiency virus IGF-1, 28,71, 109 Immune system, 78 see also Infectious disease allergenicity and hypersensitivity, 7-8, 61-62, 66, 67, 68-69 animal immunodeficiency viruses, 53 human immunodeficiency virus, 41-42, 46,59 xenotransplantation, 37, 44, 55, 103 Infectious diseases, 6 see also Viruses animal health, 22-23, 49, 107 bacterial, 7, 19, 23, 37, 44-45, 56, 62, 65 genetic diversity and, 49, 107 vaccines, 51-52, 56, 65 xenotransplantation, 55, 56-60 Insects, 1, 4, 10, 21, 80, 81, 83, 87-89 Drosophila, 34,36-37 mosquitoes, 39, 88, 89 parasites, 88, 89 transposons, 5, 36-37 Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... , 24-28 (passim) , 34, 51, 64, 65, 66,67,68,70,71,81,85, 102, 109, 113 see also Beef and dairy cattle Monosex fish, 30-31 Mosquitoes, 39, 88, 89, 116-117 Mutations, 10, 20, 3 8, 80 animal health and welfare, 97-98 concerns about, 43-44 knockout techniques, 38 sheep, 17 N National Environmental Policy Act, 113 National Marine Fisheries Service, 1 13 Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... , 6, 52,59-60 xenotransplantation, 17,37, 44, 55-60, 103-104 Political issues, 13-14, 23-24 see also Regulatory issues religious concerns, 23-24 scientific uncertainty, 13, 14, 110, 111-112 Polymer chain reaction, 59 Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) , 6, 52,59-60 1 Pharmaceuticals, 12, 51-54, 65, 85 animal health and welfare, 102 antibiotics, 17, 19, 23, 78 knockout/knockin techniques, 38 resistance to, 23,44-45, 47, 52, 89 committee study at hand, methodology, 1, 4, 6, 7,31-32 food safety and, 62-63, 67 gene expression, 52, 67, 69 hormones, 51, 53 poultry and eggs, 51, 52, 53, 81 regulatory issues, 52, 111, 113, 114 vaccines, 51-52, 56, 65 Pigs, 10, 16, 39, 117 animal health and welfare, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103-104, 105 Poultry and eggs, 7, 8, 10, 16, 20-21, 39, 66, 117 allergenicity and hypersensitivity, 68 animal health and welfare, 105 avian leukemia, 47 feral species, 83 pharmaceutical production, 51, 52, 53, 81 steroids, 27 viral vectors, 46, 47, 52, 53 Primordial germ cells, 35 Proteins, 7, 12, 78 allergenic, 67, 68-70 food safety, 66-71 insects, 21 knockout techniques, 38 novel proteins, 7, 16-17, 66-71, 81, 85, 102, 103 pharmaceuticals, 51, 67 Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... , 4, 9, 12. 19, 23-24, 65, 77, 93-94 porcine endogenous, 6, 52, 59-60 vectors, 45, 46, 47, 52 Risk analysis and assessment, general, 13-14, 92 see also Dose-response assessment; Environmental concerns; Exposure; Food safety; Human health concerns; Pharmaceuticals; Xenotransplantation committee charge and methodology, 1, 2-3, 13-14, 33 definitional issues, 2-3, 15, 33, 73-75 RNA, 36 see also Retroviruses Retroviruses, 5, 6, 36, 47, 78 concerns about, 43 endogenous, 6, 46, 47, 52, 47, 56, 59-60 exogenous, 47, 56-58 human immunodeficiency virus, 41-42 marker genes, 45 pharmaceuticals, 52 S Salmon, 10, 11, 16, 31, 90-91, 99-100 Atlantic, 21, 30, 39, 90-91, 113 coho, 16, 91 Scientific uncertainty, 2-3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 32, 35, 73, 87, 108-110 Scrapie, 37 Sheep, 19,26,27,37,39,53,70,83 animal health and welfare, 94 nuclear transfer, 39 Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... 180 Shellfish, 7, 11, 16, 21, 29-31,39, 68, 70-71, 92 Social issues, 13, 14, 93, 116 see also Animal health and welfare; Ethical issues scientific uncertainly, 110 political issues, 13- 14, 23-24 scientific uncertainly, 13, 14, 110, 111-112 see also Legislation; Regulatory issues religious concerns, 23-24, 116, 118 Somatic cell nuclear transfer, 5, 18, 39-40, 47-49, 64 animal health and welfare, 100-102 food safety, 61 Sperm and semen, 5, 19, 22, 31,32 food safety, 63 germline modification, 34 transfection, 35 Stem cells, 5, 34-36,38,39-40 Sterility, 29-30 insects, biocontrol, 88 UP INDEX Transfection, 5,35-36,38, 39 Transgenesis, 8, 34-50 pharmaceuticals, 52-53 Transgenic animals, 6, 9-10, 12, 16, 22, 25,32,34-50 see also Environmental concerns animal health and welfare, 94- 107 fish, 11, 17,30,31 insects, 21, 36 food safety, 61, 65-72 pharmaceuticals, 52, 53-60, 61 Transplant technology, see Xenotransp l antati on Transposons, 5, 36-37, 46-47 Triploidy, 30 U Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society, 74-75 Steroids, 27 T Theoretical issues, 6, 15- 16 see also Definitional issues; Research methodology committee study at hand, methodology, 4,32 scientific uncertainty, 2-3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 32, 35, 73, 87, 108-110 Tissue, 1, 6 see also Embryos and embryonic tissue pharmaceuticals, 52 transcription, 41 xenotransplantation, 6, 54-60 Toxicity, 7, 61, 65, 66, 71-72 Transcription, 36, 41 Transduction, 6, 52, 52 The Use of Genetically Modified Animals, 105 V Vaccines, 51-52, 56, 65 Vectors, 4, 6, 9, 15, 50 insect, 39,88, 89, 116-117 marker genes, 44-45 pharmaceuticals, 52 viral, 5, 35, 39, 41-42, 45, 46, 47, 52-53 gene expression, 41-42, 47, 60 poultry and eggs, 46, 47, 52, 53 retrovirus, 45, 46, 47, 52 Viruses, 6, 44, 88 see also Retroviruses animal health, 22-23 endogenous proviruses, 6, 41 -42, 43, 52-53, 59-60 exogenous pig viruses, 56-58 feral species, 87 food safety, 67 pathogens, 6, 19, 47, 52-53 transfection, 5,35-36, 38, 39 Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... Q INDEX vectors, 5, 35, 39, 41-42, 45, 46, 47 gene expression, 41-42, 47, 60 poultry and eggs, 46, 47, 52, 53 retrovirus, 45, 46, 47, 52 xenotransplantation, 56 Vitamins, 8, 67 W Wildlife, see Feral species World Health Organization, 69 X Xenotransplantation, 6, 10, 12, 17, 44, S 1, 54-60 animal health and welfare, 103-104 food safety and, 63, 65-66 infectious diseases, SS, 56-60 immune system, 37, 44, SS, 103 international perspectives, 56, 103 knockout techniques, 37 pigs, 17, 37, 44, 55-60, 103-104 regulatory issues, SS-56, S9, 60, 65, 103-104 .d 181 Read the entire page →

From page 172...

... , 4, 9, 12. 19, 23-24, 65, 77, 93-96 Atlantic salmon, 21, 30, 39, 90-91, 113 Avian species 172 committee study at hand, methodology, 2,3,4,32 farm animals, 93-94, 104 gene expression, 96-97, 98-99 genetic diversity, reduction of, 48-49 infectious disease, general, 22-23, 49, 107 insect-borne diseases, 88 international perspectives, 95, 105, 107 pigs, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103-104, 105 regulatory issues, 103-104, 112 viral vectors, 46, 47 Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, 26 Animal Welfare Regulations Act, 112 Antibiotics, 17, 19, 23, 78 knockout/knockin techniques, 38 resistance to, 23, 44-45, 47, 52, 89 Aquatic organisms, 4, 11, 21 see also Fish; Shellfish; specific species off sh see also Poultry and eggs germline modifications, 35, 46, 47 viral vectors, 46, 47 B Bacteria, 36-37, 78 feces, 7, 62, 65

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From page 173...

... , 4, 9, 12. 19, 23-24, 65, 77, 93-95 food safety, 65 genetic diversity, 48-49 germline modification and, 42 historical perspectives, 4, 20-21 marker-assisted selection and, 28-29 C Cancer, 43-44 leukemia, 46, 47, 52-53 Cats, 10, 46, 53, 83, 87 Biomedical applications, see Medical Applications Birds, see Avian species; Poultry and eggs Blastodermal cells, 35 Blastomere nuclear transfer (BNT)

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From page 174...

... ;174 Coho salmon, 16, 91 Conventional breeding, see Breeding, conventional Cost factors, 5, 31, 35 animal health and welfare, 106-107 Cultural issues, see Political issues; Social issues Cut-throat trout, 82 D Dairy cattle, see Beef and dairy cattle Definitional issues, 18 cloning, 18 environmental concerns, 73-75, 85-86 harm, 2, 8,33, 74-75 hazard, 32, 33 risk analysis and assessment, 2-3, 15, 33, 73-75 INDEX transfection, 5, 35-36, 38, 39 transposons, 5, 36-37, 46-47 xenotransplantation, 59-60 Dogs, 20, 83, 87 Dose-response assessment, 75 Drosophila, 34, 36-37 Drugs, see Pharmaceuticals E Ecologic hazards, see Environmental concerns Department of Agriculture, 26, 63, 113 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 21 Department of Health and Human Services, see Food and Drug Administration Department of the Interior, see Fish and Wildlife Service DNA, 42, 48, 96, 99 see also Chromosomes; Inserts concerns about manipulation of, 42-43 knockout techniques, 38 methylation, 41, 42, 43-44, 48, 96, 101 microinjection, 35, 38, 96-97, 99 pharmaceuticals, 52 proviruses, 41-42, 43, 52-53, 59-60 scientific uncertainty, 110 sequencing, 3, 4, 6, 18, 36, 38, 45 enhanced existing traits, 79-80 feral species, effects on, 4, 10, 11, 33, 81-92, 113-115 fitness, 77-78, 80-81 insects, 1, 4, 80, 81, 83, 87-89 Economic factors, 20, 33, 69, 104, 116, 117 animal health and welfare, 106-107 avian leukemia, 47 cost factors, 5, 31, 35, 106- 107 Eggs, see Poultry and eggs Electroporation, 35 Embryos and embryonic tissue, 5, 8, 24-26, 34, 41 animal health and welfare, 93-94, 96, 97 blastomere nuclear transfer, 8, 18, 25-27, 31, 63-64 embryo splitting (EMS) , 8, 26, 63-64 food safety, 8, 24-26, 63-65 knockout techniques, 38 nuclear transfer, 35, 39, 48, 63 stem cells, 5, 34-36, 38, 39-40 Endangered Species Act, 113 Environmental concerns, 3, 5, 9-11, 19, 21, 47, 62-63, 73-92, 113, 117 adaptability, 78 aquatic organisms, 4, 11, 21; see also Fish committee study at hand, methodology, 1,3,4,9-11,32,73-74 definitional issues, 73-75, 85-86 international perspectives, 87 regulatory issues, 87-92, 113, 114- 115 Environmental Protection Agency, 113

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From page 175...

... , 1-3 (passim) , 23, 31, 63, 64, 111, 113-114 bovine somatotropin, 28 conventional breeding as biotechnology, 3 food safety, historical perspectives, 62, 70-71 xenotransplantation, 59 Food and food safety, 6-9, 16- 17, 18- 19, 61-72, 111, 117 see also Beef and dairy cattle; Fish; Milk and milk products; Poultry and eggs age factors, 9, 65, 70 allergenicity and hypersensitivity, 7-8, 61-62, 66, 67, 68-69 committee charge and methodology, 1, 2,6-9, 13,61,73 embryos, 8, 24-26, 63-65 ethical issues, 61, 63-65 gene expression, 64-65, 66, 67, 69 historical perspectives, 3, 5, 62, 70-71 international perspectives, 62, 69 labeling, 118

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From page 176...

... , 28, 109 growth hormone (GH) , 28, 70-71, 90-92, 99- 100 IGF-1, 28, 71, 109 monosex fish, 30-31 pharmaceutical production, 51, 53 Horses, 83 Human health concerns, 42, 44, 49, 88, 103, 113, 116-117 see also Food and Drug Administration; Food and food safety; Medical science; Pharmaceuticals Human immunodeficiency virus, 41-42, 46, 59 Hypersensitivity, see Allergenicity and hypersensitivity I H Harm, general, 10,30, 32 see also Risk analysis and assessment, general defined, 2, 8, 33, 74-75 Hazard, 3-4, 11, 14, 15, 21 see also Risk analysis and assessment, general defined, 32,33 Historical perspectives, 1,3-4, 5-6, 18-20, 23,31, 34, 116-117 bovine somatotropin, 28 breeding, conventional, 4, 20-21 farm animals, 20, 21, 22, 23-24 food safety, 3, 5, 62, 70-71 hormones, 27 reproductive system, 25-26 risk analysis, 74-75 xenotransplantation, 56 HIV, see Human immunodeficiency virus IGF-1, 28,71, 109 Immune system, 78 see also Infectious disease allergenicity and hypersensitivity, 7-8, 61-62, 66, 67, 68-69 animal immunodeficiency viruses, 53 human immunodeficiency virus, 41-42, 46,59 xenotransplantation, 37, 44, 55, 103 Infectious diseases, 6 see also Viruses animal health, 22-23, 49, 107 bacterial, 7, 19, 23, 37, 44-45, 56, 62, 65 genetic diversity and, 49, 107 vaccines, 51-52, 56, 65 xenotransplantation, 55, 56-60 Insects, 1, 4, 10, 21, 80, 81, 83, 87-89 Drosophila, 34,36-37 mosquitoes, 39, 88, 89 parasites, 88, 89 transposons, 5, 36-37

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From page 177...

... , 24-28 (passim) , 34, 51, 64, 65, 66,67,68,70,71,81,85, 102, 109, 113 see also Beef and dairy cattle Monosex fish, 30-31 Mosquitoes, 39, 88, 89, 116-117 Mutations, 10, 20, 3 8, 80 animal health and welfare, 97-98 concerns about, 43-44 knockout techniques, 38 sheep, 17 N National Environmental Policy Act, 113 National Marine Fisheries Service, 1 13

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From page 178...

... , 6, 52,59-60 xenotransplantation, 17,37, 44, 55-60, 103-104 Political issues, 13-14, 23-24 see also Regulatory issues religious concerns, 23-24 scientific uncertainty, 13, 14, 110, 111-112 Polymer chain reaction, 59 Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) , 6, 52,59-60 1 Pharmaceuticals, 12, 51-54, 65, 85 animal health and welfare, 102 antibiotics, 17, 19, 23, 78 knockout/knockin techniques, 38 resistance to, 23,44-45, 47, 52, 89 committee study at hand, methodology, 1, 4, 6, 7,31-32 food safety and, 62-63, 67 gene expression, 52, 67, 69 hormones, 51, 53 poultry and eggs, 51, 52, 53, 81 regulatory issues, 52, 111, 113, 114 vaccines, 51-52, 56, 65 Pigs, 10, 16, 39, 117 animal health and welfare, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103-104, 105 Poultry and eggs, 7, 8, 10, 16, 20-21, 39, 66, 117 allergenicity and hypersensitivity, 68 animal health and welfare, 105 avian leukemia, 47 feral species, 83 pharmaceutical production, 51, 52, 53, 81 steroids, 27 viral vectors, 46, 47, 52, 53 Primordial germ cells, 35 Proteins, 7, 12, 78 allergenic, 67, 68-70 food safety, 66-71 insects, 21 knockout techniques, 38 novel proteins, 7, 16-17, 66-71, 81, 85, 102, 103 pharmaceuticals, 51, 67

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From page 179...

... , 4, 9, 12. 19, 23-24, 65, 77, 93-94 porcine endogenous, 6, 52, 59-60 vectors, 45, 46, 47, 52 Risk analysis and assessment, general, 13-14, 92 see also Dose-response assessment; Environmental concerns; Exposure; Food safety; Human health concerns; Pharmaceuticals; Xenotransplantation committee charge and methodology, 1, 2-3, 13-14, 33 definitional issues, 2-3, 15, 33, 73-75 RNA, 36 see also Retroviruses Retroviruses, 5, 6, 36, 47, 78 concerns about, 43 endogenous, 6, 46, 47, 52, 47, 56, 59-60 exogenous, 47, 56-58 human immunodeficiency virus, 41-42 marker genes, 45 pharmaceuticals, 52 S Salmon, 10, 11, 16, 31, 90-91, 99-100 Atlantic, 21, 30, 39, 90-91, 113 coho, 16, 91 Scientific uncertainty, 2-3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 32, 35, 73, 87, 108-110 Scrapie, 37 Sheep, 19,26,27,37,39,53,70,83 animal health and welfare, 94 nuclear transfer, 39

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From page 180...

... 180 Shellfish, 7, 11, 16, 21, 29-31,39, 68, 70-71, 92 Social issues, 13, 14, 93, 116 see also Animal health and welfare; Ethical issues scientific uncertainly, 110 political issues, 13- 14, 23-24 scientific uncertainly, 13, 14, 110, 111-112 see also Legislation; Regulatory issues religious concerns, 23-24, 116, 118 Somatic cell nuclear transfer, 5, 18, 39-40, 47-49, 64 animal health and welfare, 100-102 food safety, 61 Sperm and semen, 5, 19, 22, 31,32 food safety, 63 germline modification, 34 transfection, 35 Stem cells, 5, 34-36,38,39-40 Sterility, 29-30 insects, biocontrol, 88 UP INDEX Transfection, 5,35-36,38, 39 Transgenesis, 8, 34-50 pharmaceuticals, 52-53 Transgenic animals, 6, 9-10, 12, 16, 22, 25,32,34-50 see also Environmental concerns animal health and welfare, 94- 107 fish, 11, 17,30,31 insects, 21, 36 food safety, 61, 65-72 pharmaceuticals, 52, 53-60, 61 Transplant technology, see Xenotransp l antati on Transposons, 5, 36-37, 46-47 Triploidy, 30 U Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society, 74-75 Steroids, 27 T Theoretical issues, 6, 15- 16 see also Definitional issues; Research methodology committee study at hand, methodology, 4,32 scientific uncertainty, 2-3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 32, 35, 73, 87, 108-110 Tissue, 1, 6 see also Embryos and embryonic tissue pharmaceuticals, 52 transcription, 41 xenotransplantation, 6, 54-60 Toxicity, 7, 61, 65, 66, 71-72 Transcription, 36, 41 Transduction, 6, 52, 52 The Use of Genetically Modified Animals, 105 V Vaccines, 51-52, 56, 65 Vectors, 4, 6, 9, 15, 50 insect, 39,88, 89, 116-117 marker genes, 44-45 pharmaceuticals, 52 viral, 5, 35, 39, 41-42, 45, 46, 47, 52-53 gene expression, 41-42, 47, 60 poultry and eggs, 46, 47, 52, 53 retrovirus, 45, 46, 47, 52 Viruses, 6, 44, 88 see also Retroviruses animal health, 22-23 endogenous proviruses, 6, 41 -42, 43, 52-53, 59-60 exogenous pig viruses, 56-58 feral species, 87 food safety, 67 pathogens, 6, 19, 47, 52-53 transfection, 5,35-36, 38, 39

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From page 181...

... Q INDEX vectors, 5, 35, 39, 41-42, 45, 46, 47 gene expression, 41-42, 47, 60 poultry and eggs, 46, 47, 52, 53 retrovirus, 45, 46, 47, 52 xenotransplantation, 56 Vitamins, 8, 67 W Wildlife, see Feral species World Health Organization, 69 X Xenotransplantation, 6, 10, 12, 17, 44, S 1, 54-60 animal health and welfare, 103-104 food safety and, 63, 65-66 infectious diseases, SS, 56-60 immune system, 37, 44, SS, 103 international perspectives, 56, 103 knockout techniques, 37 pigs, 17, 37, 44, 55-60, 103-104 regulatory issues, SS-56, S9, 60, 65, 103-104 .d 181

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Index Pages 172-182

Index
Pages 172-182