Biographical Memoirs Volume 81 (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Susumo Ohno
Susumo Ohno
Pages 234-245
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from Western thought with its chief scientific links firmly establishecl with Germany, en cl he was schoolecl in the years when a bitter war was fought between Japan en c! the Uniter!
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In aciclition, he was taught by tutors to learn Chinese language en cl Chinese history. Of his siblings Susumu was the only one to leave Japan, all of his brothers en cl his sister liver!
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to the institution where he was to spencl his entire highly productive career. It was very difficult for a Japanese woman to obtain a visa to enter the Uniter!
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Since it was known that in insects heterochromatin was genetically inactive, this suggested independently to a number of scientists that one of the two mammalian female chromosomes might be genetically inactive. In studying the phylogenetic derivation of the X chromosomes, he recognized that they must have clevelopec!
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sex determination. These were Sex Chromosomes and Se~cLinked Genes publishecl in 1967, Evolution by Gene Duplication publisher!
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The creation of metazoans, vertebrates, and finally mammals from unicellular organisms would have been quite impossible, for such big leaps in evolution required the creation of new gene loci with previously nonexistent function. Only the cistron that became redundant was able to escape from the relentless pressure of natural selection.
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In 1968 he received the Peter Volicl special tribute award, the silver mecial of the Bell Museum of Pathology at the University of Minnesota in 1972, the Japanese human genetics society prize in 1981, the Francis Amory Prize for Reproductive Biology of the American AcacIemy of Arts en cl Sciences in 1981, the Kihara Prize of the Japanese Society of Genetics in 1983, and the Inaugural Queen Margarethe Prize from the Royal Danish Academy
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Novak, director of professional education and scientific reports at the City of Hope National Medical Center, was a great aid in writing this biographical memoir, and the author appreciates this valuable resource being made available.
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Kinosita. Formation of the sex chromatin by a single X-chromosome in liver cells of Rattus norveg~cus.
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1967 Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Genes. Heidelberg: SpringerVerlag.
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Ohno. The all pervasive principle of repetitious recurrence governs not only coding sequence construction but also human endeavor in musical composition.
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