Biographical Memoirs Volume 81 (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Richard Tousey
Richard Tousey
Pages 340-355
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From page 341... ...
This solar spectrum was, in fact, the very first astronomical observation to be macle successfully from above Earth's atmosphere, en cl it markocl the ciawn of the space age. Using rockets en cl Earth-orbiting spacecraft, Tousey clevotec!
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From page 342... ...
As a graduate student Tousey designed a specialized vacuum spectrograph for determining the optical constants of fluorite, a very clear crystal that is transparent far clown into the ultraviolet en cl has optical properties useful in lenses and optical instruments. His thesis was titlecl "An Apparatus for the Measurement of Reflecting Powers with Application to Fluorite at 1216 A." While at Harvard, Tousey was a Whiting fellow (192931)
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From page 343... ...
research apparatus with him, Tousey then returned to Tufts in 1936 as a research instructor in physics, a position he helcl until 1941, when he took a leave of absence to enter wartime research at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C. In 1932, while still in graduate school, Tousey married Ruth Lowe, who sharer!
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From page 344... ...
Other honors en cl milestones of his career included the 1960 Frederic Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America, 1963 Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences, 1963 Navy Awarcl for Distinguished Achievement in Science, 1963 George Darwin Lectureship of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1964 Eciclington Mecial of the Royal Astronomical Society, 19641966 vice presidency of the American Astronomical Society, 1966 Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American As
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From page 345... ...
The V-2 couIcl not only reach more of Earth's upper atmosphere but also offerer! the tantalizing possibility of exploring the ultraviolet spectrum of the Sun, which had never been seen below about 2900 A, that part of the solar spectrum is blocker!
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From page 346... ...
Spectra were recorclec! on a strip of 35-mm film with a fluorescent coating on the front to make it ultraviolet sensitive en cl an electrically conducting coat on the back to preclude static electricity when the film was moved.
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From page 347... ...
oxygen is the main culprit at shorter wavelengths. Tousey's group usecl the V-2 solar spectra recorclecl at a series of altitucles to derive for the first time nearly the whole vertical profile of the ozone layer.
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From page 348... ...
In fact, NRL spectra obtained in 1955 showocl that the solar spectrum shortwarcl of 2000 A is composed principally of emission lines from
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From page 349... ...
In April 1960 Tousey's NRL colleagues Herbert FriecIman en cl Richard Blake photographed the first X-ray image of the Sun in wavelengths shorter than 60 A by an amusingly simple device, for a lens they used a pinhole covered with a filter of aluminizecl Mylar. In 1961 Tousey's group pusher!
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From page 350... ...
OS0-2 monitored three solar ultraviolet emission lines by mechanically scanning the images with tiny Bendix photomultipliers. Although the OSO spacecraft proviclec!
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From page 351... ...
in 1958. By the 1970s space science projects hacl become very complex bureaucratic enterprises involving contractors, subcontractors, managers, committees, science teams, engineers, design specifications, design reviews, mission planning, proposals, contracts, budgets, grants, cutbacks, changes of course, en cl cancellations.
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From page 352... ...
THIS BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR iS based partly on my personal recollections, partly on Tousey's scientific publications, and partly on input from other people. I am especially indebted to Professor Donald Osterbrock of the University of California, Santa Cruz; Joanna Tousey of the Tucson Symphony and Arizona Opera; Martin Koomen of NRL; and Herbert Gursky of NRL for supplying or calling attention to helpful background material.
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From page 353... ...
Emission lines in the extreme ultraviolet spectrum of the Sun. Astrophys.
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From page 354... ...
Extreme ultraviolet heliograms and the Sun's corona. Space Research VIII, vol.
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From page 355... ...
Extreme ultraviolet spectroheliograph ATM experiment S082 A
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