An Assessment of Precision Time and Time Interval Science and Technology (2002) / Chapter Skim
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3. State of PTTI Research and Infrastructure
3. State of PTTI Research and Infrastructure
Pages 23-33
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From page 23... ...
For example, in FY 01, NSF spending on AMO physics was approximately $8 million compared with ONR core expenditures of approximately $2.8 million on both its Atomic and Molecular Physics program and its Lasers and Electro-optics program and NASA expenditures of about $13 million on AMO and clock-related research in its Fundamental Physics program. Although proportionately a smaller contributor in FY 02 to the overall area of AMO physics research, Navy resources, provided through ONR, have paid excellent dividends by enabling advances of great relevance to PTTI, including investigations into the cooling and trapping of atoms, the development of atomic fountain frequency standards, and, more recently, Bose-Einstein condensation.
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From page 24... ...
Given the importance of PTTI to Navy and DOD warfighting capabilities and the unique role the Navy plays in PTTI for all of DOD, the committee believes it is shortsighted to reduce the Navy's support of the basic research that has for so long led to advances in the field, improved PTTI performance, and supplied a cadre of technically knowledgeable individuals to satisfy the PTTI needs of Navy and DOD programs. Only if the Navy 6.1 AMO physics research program maintains a close relationship with the research and development community can it support long-range research, foster the discovery of technologies, and nurture the next generations of researchers for the future Navy and Marine Corps.
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From page 25... ...
1.2 billion Atomic frequency standards Hydrogen maser 10 200,000 2 million Cesium beam 500 50,000 25 million Rubidium cell 50,000 2,000 100 million HEALTH OF THE APPLIED RESEARCH BASE Industrial Base Although there is a significant industrial base in the United States for PTTI technology, with well over 100 companies manufacturing and/or selling time- and frequency-related products, most of it focuses on relatively low-performance commercial applications. Table 3.2 lists the approximate worldwide market for PTTI devices.
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From page 26... ...
Synchronization and global time dissemination, which are important for achieving military applications of PTTI, do not appear to be receiving appropriate attention. Quartz crystal oscillators, key components of the majority of atomic frequency standards and important time and frequency control devices in their own right, are not receiving Navy R&D funding.
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From page 27... ...
Other countries, such as Australia, China, Finland, France, Germany, and Russia, train students specifically in precision frequency control and timing. In the United States a number of groups train students in atomic physics and associated precision measurement, and these students can move relatively easily into work on atomic clocks.
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From page 28... ...
institutions, and also to compare them with those in institutions outside the United States, presentations at PTTI Systems and Applications Meetings4 and papers published in the Proceedings of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IEEEIFCS) were surveyed.
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From page 29... ...
etc.) and nonacoustic technologies ~ ,, , , , , ~ Atomic frequency stanclarcls, time transfer, microwave oscillators, synthesizers, phase noise cnaracterization, stability analysis, etc.
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From page 30... ...
U.S. government laboratory contributions in the nonacoustic areas have not changed much, The U.S.-based contributions have gone from 61 percent of the total papers to
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(As part of its national effort aimed at making it the world leader in frequency control, France has made major investments in both university and industrial research.)
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From page 33... ...
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