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National Security and Homeland Defense Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2002) / Chapter Skim
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1. Introduction
Pages 6-11

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From page 6...
... 2002, Current Thought on Bioterrorism: The Threat, Preparedness, and Response. Presentation, Workshop on National Security and Homeland Defense, Irvine, CA.
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From page 7...
... Also, in the past 6 years, photon-based detection techniques have been combined with mass spectrometry, and DOD and the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency are heavily supporting development of mobile units for detection of both chemical and biological agents in the field. The development of aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry for on-line continuous monitoring of aerosol particles, including the chemistry between particle and gas, was originally
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From page 8...
... 2002, Overview of Real-Time Single Particle Mass Spectrometry Methods. Presentation, Workshop on National Security and Homeland Defense, Irvine, CA.
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From page 9...
... Indeed, it can be argued that the overall value to our society will extend well beyond national security issues and will far exceed the initial investments, because many of these advances will result in improved quality of life and health for all of society. SYSTEMS AND ANALYSIS Miniaturization chemistry and biology on a chip has resulted only because of the confluence of science and engineering.
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From page 10...
... The term "orthogonality" here refers to the existence of different types of sensors in the same instrument targeted to the same analyte, whose operating principles are so different that they are unlikely to provide a false positive signal. False positive readings lead to a loss of confidence in the instrument, sometimes with disastrous consequences.4 Spectroscopic sensing devices will need to depend on multivariate sensing, comparing specific, targeted portions of the spectrum of the detected molecule to similar portions of the target molecule spectrum to overcome multiple environmental interferences.
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From page 11...
... Participants formed breakout groups to discuss each of these topics, and the next three sections summarize their discussions and conclusions. Discussions focused on how the chemistry and chemical engineering communities could assist with biological and chemical national security issues; although radiological issues were not a focal point of the workshop, the organizing committee recognizes the importance of this topic.
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Key Terms

  • biological agents
  • chemical sciences
  • mass spectrometry
  • false positive
  • chemical engineers

  • environmental interferences
  • security issues
  • single particle
  • decontaminating agents
  • specific chemicals

  • mass spectrometers
  • beyond national
  • science progresses
  • harmful chemicals
  • combating chemical

  • chemicals interact
  • biochemical analysis
  • require improvement
  • semiconductor synthesis
  • attacks occur

  • readings lead
  • positive signal
  • environmental degradation
  • basic spectroscopies
  • threat facing

  • parallel integration
  • frequency regions
  • organizing committee
  • overall value
  • basic discoveries


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