Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals (2003) / Chapter Skim
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5. Findings and Recommendations
5. Findings and Recommendations
Pages 127-134
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From page 127... ...
SOURCES OF NOISE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT The recommendations made here are intended to improve our understanding of the effects of noise on marine mammals. To this end, any efforts to implement these recommendations should be planned and structured to facilitate use in conjunction with data on marine mammal physiology and behavior.
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From page 128... ...
Monitoring and data analysis should incIndle average or steady-state ambient noise as well as identifiable sounds such as seismic surveying sources, sonars, and explosive noise that are not identified in classical ambient noise data sets. Acoustic data collection should be incorporated into global ocean observing systems initiated and under discussion in the United States and elsewhere.
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From page 129... ...
Although the few documented cases of direct impact on individuals have raised awareness of potential population impacts, no measures exist of marine mammal population effects from ocean noise. Recommendation: Whenever possible, all research conducted on marine mammals should be structured to allow predictions of whether responses observed indicate pop?
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From page 130... ...
Marine mammals themselves may be significant sources of ocean noise, although possibly in localized areas over limited time periods. Recommendation: Research should be undertaken to describe the distribution and characteristics of sounds generated by marine mammals and other marine organisms seasonally, geographically, and within behavioral contexts.
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From page 131... ...
OCEAN NOISE MODELS Simulation models that predict the characteristics of the noise (frequency content, mean squared level, peak level, pressure time series, etc.) and their effects on marine mammals may assist in understanding and mitigating harmful effects of marine noise on mammals.
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From page 132... ...
Recent reports both in the press and from federal and scientific sources indicate that there is an association between the use of high-energy midrange sonars and some mass strandings of beaked whales. Recent mass strandings of beaked whales have occurred in close association, both in terms of timing and location, with military exercises employing multiple high-energy, mid-frequency (1-10 kHz)
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From page 133... ...
However, this is clearly a subject to which much additional research needs to be directed. Recommendation: A program should be instituted to investigate carefully the causal mechanisms that may explain the traumas observed in beaked whales, whether this is ~ species-specific or broader issue, and how the acoustics of high-energy, mi~l-range sonars may directly or indirectly relate to mass stranding events.
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From page 134... ...
Recommendation: The committee encourages the acoustical oceanography community, marine mammal biologists, marine bioacousticians, and other users of sound in the ocean, such as the military and of! industry, to make greater efforts to raise public awareness of fundamental acoustic concepts in marine biology and ocean science so that they are better able to understand the problems, the need for research, and the considerable potential for solving noise problems.
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