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From page 365... ... surveys of, 6, 56, 346-347 Adoptee studies, viii, 6, 21, 28, 353 Adrenal gland, 11, 106, 115, 119, 303 male pubertal maturation, 119, 262, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 273, 277, 278 stress, 123, 126, 128 Adrenarche, 119, 265, 266, 267, 271, 279, 301 Africa 365 AIDS, 20 baboon study, 8-9, 127, 141, 142, 143-164, 310 South Africa, 205, 333-328, 377 Age factors, 9, 10, 15 see also Adolescence and adolescents; Growth; Longevity; Puberty adoptee studies, parental age, 28 AIDS, 20 animal studies, 11-12, 140-164 (passim) emotional development, 302, 306-307, 313-314 evolutionary anthropology, 10, 11-12, 140-169, 173-174, 180-182 fertility transition, 63-64 first attempt at pregnancy, age at, 57 first pregnancy, age at, 19, 34, 53, 64, 84, 171, 186, 204, 205, 262, 274 hormonal factors, 104, 116-120 life history theory, 11-12, 140-169, 173-174, 179, 180-182, 295, 305, 307 male pubertal maturation, 119, 262 marriage, age at, 192, 197, 203, 204 menopause, 104, 105, 119-120, 186187, 296 polygyny, 189, 192 population growth, 9 Read the entire page →
From page 366... ... , 198, 199, 213, 305, 309, 334, 338 historical perspectives, 10, 142, 192213 medical science, 175, 199, 207-208 INDEX mortality, 141-142, 173, 175, 176, 180-182, 183, 188, 193, 199, 204-205, 210, 297 baboons, 145-148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161 chimpanzees, 180, 181 infant mortality, 148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161, 199 juvenile, 298, 299 sexual behavior, 195, 341 socioeconomic status, 199-202, 210, 212 Antisocial behavior, 313 family size and, 19 hormonal factors, 127, 302 neurochemistry of pair bonding, 98 twin studies, 26 Arginine vasopressin (AVP) , 95-96, 99 Assisted conception, 19, 31 fertility drugs, 18, 19, 106, 108 Assortative mating, 26, 29 Attitudes and beliefs, vii, 1, 6, 48-49, 52, 348 see also Antisocial behavior, Behavioral genetics; Decision making; Depression; Sociocultural factors contraceptive use, 121 dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Read the entire page →
From page 367... ... . Socioeconomic status D Death rates, see Mortality rates Decision making, vii, 1, 13, 14, 15, 53, 208-212 see also Attitudes and beliefs; Pair bonding adolescent sexual behavior, 52, 272 child quality vs. Read the entire page →
From page 368... ... , 264, 269 fertility and, 106 twin studies, 22, 27 Developing countries, vii, 12, 14, 200, 201, 205 ethical research, 37 hormonal studies, 113, 129 rational choice models, 322 socioeconomic status, 50 DHEA, see Dehydroepiandrosterone Diet, see Nutrition and diet Diseases and disorders, 314 see also Medical care services; Mental illness AIDS, 20, 32, 314 anorexia nervosa, 123-124 hormone-related, 117, 121, 122, 123128 infertility, 1, 3, 32, 121-122, 126, 232, 302 convolution, sexually antagonistic, 232 fertility drugs, 18, 19, 106, 108 lordosis, 117 menopause, related to, 120 nutritional, 123-125, 129 pregnancy complications, 27 sexually antagonistic convolution, 226, 231, 232, 233, 244-247, 250, 251 sexually transmitted diseases, 20, 32, 244-247, 251, 314 twin studies, 27 Divorce, 20, 34, 126, 182-183, 203-204 INDEX DNA, 50, 293, 347 pair bonding, 97-98 sexually antagonistic convolution, 234, 235, 242 Dowries, see Bride wealth Drugs abuse, 96-97, 100-101, 314 antipsychotic, 18 dopamine system effects, 96, 100-101 fertility, 18, 19, 106, 108 hormonal therapies, 114, 115, 119, 120 oxytocin receptor blockers, 96-97 pair bonding and, 96-97, 100-101 stress-reducing, 126 E Ecological factors, 8, 11, 13, 139, 170223 hormonal mediation, 125, 129 life history theory, 142, 143, 150, 153, 155, 158, 161-162, 163, 164, 289, 297, 313 mating arrangements, 10, 91, 100 Economic factors, 1, 12, 13, 48 see also Developing countries; Employment; Parental investment; Socioeconomic status adolescent pregnancies, 52 capital, embodied, 10, 174-175, 180, 199-202, 208, 303-304 evolutionary anthropology, 170-223 (passim) funding, ethical research, 37 models, 175-177, 186-187, 201-202 rational choice models, 12, 48, 322-338 social, general, 307-310 Education, 50, 309-310 investment, 12-13, 14, 50, 147-148, 149, 150, 162, 172, 184, 201202, 323-338 mass media, 209, 210 school experiences, 6, 209-210 Educational attainment, 12, 47, 50, 51, 53, 332-333 divorce, 203-204 evolutionary anthropology, 199, 200204, 208 Read the entire page →
From page 369... ... , 120 environmental exposure to, 121-122 pubertal activation, 111, 119, 263-264 Ethical issues, research, 3-4, 35-38, 39 Ethnic factors, see Racial/ethnic factors Evolutionary factors, 8, 9, 11-12, 13, 2830, 48-49, 57-58, 260, 289 see also Coevolution anthropological considerations, 10, 1112, 140-169, 170-223 age factors, 10, 11-12, 140-169, 173-174, 180-182 agriculture, 10, 171, 182, 185-186, 187-188, 192-198 gender factors, 9, 10, 145-147, 150160 (passim) , 188-198, 208-209 immune system, 232, 244-247, 250, 251 life history theory, 161, 164, 170-223, 290-293, 297, 299, 311-312 medical science, 175, 199, 207-208 mutation, 7, 34, 58, 83, 98, 100, 231, 235, 260 pair bonding, 93 convolution, sexually antagonistic, 11, 29, 224-252 pubertal maturation in males, 260261, 268, 277 quality vs. Read the entire page →
From page 370... ... , 351 Gender factors, 32, 140, 197, 350-351 see also Hormonal processes; Marriage and marital status; Mating patterns; Menstrual cycle, phases; Pair bonding; Parentchild bonding; Pregnancy; Secondary sexual characteristics; Sexual behavior animal studies, 9, 92-95, 97 life history theory, 145-147, 150160 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 371... ... , 188198, 208-209 female fecundity, 19, 20, 146-147, 198, 260 fertility transition, 58, 59, 61-65, 6869, 78, 79 imprinting, 29, 241-244 life history theory, 145-147, 150-160 (passim) , 305 male pubertal maturation, 260-288 menarche, 11, 49, 118, 124, 266, 298 baboon life histories, 144, 147, 153 menopause, 104, 105, 119-120, 186187, 296 menstrual cycle, phases, 48, 109, 110, 111, 112-113 baboon life histories, 147 sexual desire and behavior, 115, 116, 236, 237-239 stress, 123-124 parental investment, 172-190 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 372... ... Immune system, 175, 264, 277, 300, 302 AIDS, 20, 32, 314 evolution of, 232, 244-247, 250, 251 hormonal mediation, 127, 302 mood, impacts on, 302 Imprinting, genetic, 29, 241-244 Income, wages, 50 Individual differences, 51 fecundity, 52 marriage choices, 51 Infant mortality, 20, 32, 58, 59, 148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161, 199 Infertility, 1, 3, 32, 121-122, 126, 302 convolution, sexually antagonistic, 232 fertility drugs, 18, 19, 106, 108 mental illness and, 18, 32, 106, 108 Intelligence dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) , 269 family size and, 60 sexual behavior of teens, 52 Interdisciplinary approaches, see Multidisciplinary approaches International perspectives, 12 see also Anthropology; Developing countries; Racial/ethnic factors; specific countries and world regions AIDS, 20 family size, 19 Gender and Generation Programme (UN) Read the entire page →
From page 373... ... , 305 gender factors, 145-147, 150-160 (passim) , 305 historical perspectives, 292, 303-304 hormonal processes, 291, 298, 299303 longevity, 140, 145-146, 180, 190 mortality, 141-142, 173, 175, 176, 180-182, 183, 188, 193, 199, 204-205, 210, 297 baboons, 145-148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161 chimpanzees, 180, 181 infant mortality, 148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161, 199 juvenile, 298, 299 neurology, 291, 300-303, 306 pregnancy, 173, 182, 298 373 sexual behavior, 147, 302 sociocultural factors, 187-213, 290292, 294, 295, 300, 303-305, 313 baboons, 143, 144, 150, 156-161, 163 Longevity, 2 see also Mortality rates animal studies, 2, 8-9, 140, 145-146 life history theory, 140, 145-146, 180, 190 pastoralism, 190 Longitudinal studies, 6, 14-15, 32, 55, 56, 346-347 see also Cohort studies Lutenizing hormone (LH) Read the entire page →
From page 374... ... Moral issues, see Ethical issues Mortality rates, 55 see also Longevity AIDS, 20 education attainment and, 204-205 fertility transition, 58-59 infant mortality, 20, 32, 58, 59, 148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161, 199 life history theory/evolutionary anthropology, 141-142, 173, 175, 176, 180-182, 183, 188, 193, 199, 204-205, 210, 297 baboons, 145-148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161 chimpanzees, 180, 181 infant mortality, 148, 149, 150, 156, 160, 161, 199 juvenile, 298, 299 sexually antagonistic convolution, 225, 236 Read the entire page →
From page 375... ... , 106, 107, 108-109, 112, 113, 116-117, 118, 123, 124, 264, 265, 268, 300 imaging techniques, 16 life history theory and, 291, 300-303, 306 menarche, 298 neurotransmitters, 94-97, 106-108; see also specific neurotransmitters oxytocin, 7, 94-95, 96 pair bonding, 7-8, 16, 91, 94-103 oxytocin, 7, 94-95, 96, 99 steroids, 94 vasopressin, 95-96, 97, 98, 99 parental investment, 174, 175-177, 201-202 pregnancy, brain alterations, 14, 117118 puberty, 118, 263-264, 268-279 sexual behavior, 99-100 steroids, 112, 113-114 vasopressin, 95-96, 97, 98, 99 Nutrition and diet see also Agriculture; Horticulturalism; Energy, energetics; Foraging and hunting; Pastoralism anorexia nervosa, 123-124 375 baboon life histories, 144 environmental estrogens, 121-122 genetic influences and, 30 infertility and, 32 life history theory, 144, 305 parental investment, 144, 173, 174, 181-182, 183, 185-186 see also Lactation and breastfeeding pastoralism, 171, 185-186, 189-192, 206-207 pubertal maturation, 276, 298-299 supplementation, 125, 153, 185, 190, 191, 290 undernutrition, 123-125, 129 o Oxytocin (OT) , 7, 94-95, 96, 99-100 p Pair bonding, 7, 12, 16, 20, 49, 92-93, 95, 97, 348, 350 see also Mating patterns anthropology, evolutionary, 10, 172173, 178, 182-187, 212, 340 divorce, 20, 34, 126, 182-183, 203204 drug use and, 96-97, 100-101 evolution and, 93 � . Read the entire page →
From page 376... ... INDEX Placenta, 27, 29, 116-117, 232 Polychlorinated hydrobiphenyls, 121 Population growth, vii, 147-151, 207 see also Fertility rates; Fertility transition Pregnancy, 260, 341, 349-350 see also Contraception and contraceptives; Family planning; Placenta adolescents, 52 age at first attempt at, 57 age at first pregnancy, 19, 34, 53, 64, 84, 171, 186, 204, 205, 262, 274 assisted conception, 19, 31 brain alterations, 14, 117-118 convolution, sexually antagonistic, 232 duration, 173 hormonal factors, 94, 105, 116-118 life history theory, 173, 182, 298 placenta, 27, 29, 116-117, 232 twin studies, complications, 27 Primates, nonhuman, 140-169 baboons, 8-9, 127, 141, 142, 143-164 estrogen and sexual behavior, 115 lactation and breast-feeding, 183 macaques, 94, 114, 115, 118, 261 male puberty, 261, 264-265, 279 pair bonding, 96, 126-127 sexually antagonistic convolution, 230231 stress, 126-127 testosterone and sexual behavior, 114 Probit estimation, 69-73, 80-81 Progesterone, 107, 108, 112, 114, 121 Proteins, 34, 50, 111, 113, 227, 244, 347, 352 estrogens in, 122 growth, 301 pair bonding, 97, 99 Psychologicalfactors, 11, 52,289-291 see also Antisocial behavior; Attitudes and beliefs; Behavioral genetics; Depression; Mental illness emotional factors, 92, 99, 100-101, 105 life history theory, 302, 306-307, 313-314 stress, hormonal responses, 8, 105, 122-128, 129, 300, 301 Read the entire page →
From page 377... ... twin studies, 23 Public health, see Medical care services Q Quality vs. quantity, 12-13,14,50,147148,149,150,162,172,184, 201-202,323-338 R Racial/ethnic factors, 32 behavioral genetics, 19, 24,32,46-47 family size, 19, 208-209 pregnancy, age at first, 205 pubertal timing, 274 twin studies, 24 Rational choice models, 12,48,322-338 Regression analysis, 55-56, 186,187,236237 377 Risk taking, 11, 15,22,34-35,190,268, 272-273 S Sampling see also Cohort studies adopter studies, 28 hormonal effects on sexual behavior, 115-116 twin studies, 23-25,27-28 Schizophrenia, 18,22,26,28 School experiences, 6,209-210 Secondary sexual characteristics, 111-112, 117,118,119,120,123,124, 268-269,296,301,349 age factors, 111-112,117 hair, 111, 117,118,119 parental investment and, 178 Sedentism, 187 Semen, see Sperm and semen Sex differences, see Gender factors; Hormonal processes; Secondary sexual characteristics Sexual behavior, 49,92,99-100,340, 347-350 adolescents, 52,118-119,261-279 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 378... ... quantity, 12-13, 14, 50, 147-148, 149, 150, 162, 172, 184, 201-202, 323-338 sexually antagonistic convolution, 236, 237 twin studies, 5, 26, 55-56, 345 Socioeconomic status, vii, 3, 9, 12-13, 32, 50-51, 53, 54 see also Educational attainment; Employment evolutionary anthropology, 199-202, 210, 212 fertility transition, 12-13, 58, 61, 322, 323-328 menarche, age at, 298 stratification, 171, 193-198, 207, 304 twin studies, 61 South Africa, 205, 333-328, 377 Soya, 122 Sperm and semen INDEX convolution, sexually antagonistic, 226,227,228,233,239,244247 penetration of ovum, 111, 112 spermatogenesis, 108, 122, 261, 264 sperm counts, 19, 119, 122, 261 Statistical analyses see also Cohort studies; Estimation; Sampling behavioral genetics, general, 20, 49, 55-57, 64-84 epidemiological, 32, 122 estimation, 55, 69-73, 80-81 multivariate, 49, 64-68, 82 probit estimation, 69-73, 80-81 regression, 55-56, 186, 187, 236-237 socioeconomic parameters, 49, 55 Steroids, 94, 110, 111, 112, 117, 120121, 301, 302 aging, 120 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) , 106, 300 cortisol, 261-262, 269-272 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 379... ... Twin studies, viii, 5, 6, 21-28, 53-84, 342347, 353 assumptions, 5, 21-23, 25, 26, 28, 5456, 70, 344 attitude factors, 23-24, 75 birth weight, 22, 63 depression, 22, 27 educational attainment, 5, 23, 24-25, 26, 61-84, 345 employment, 61 environmental factors, 21-28, 65-66, 74, 75, 83-84 gender factors, 25, 27, 61-65, 68-69, 78, 79, 83, 344 pair bonding, 21, 26 sociocultural factors, 5, 26, 55-56, 345 socioeconomic status, 55 379 U United Kingdom, 19 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 351 Urban areas, 198-199, 201, 205, 207, 314 V Vasopressin, 7, 95-100 (passim) W Warfare, 188-191 (passim) Read the entire page →

From page 365...

... surveys of, 6, 56, 346-347 Adoptee studies, viii, 6, 21, 28, 353 Adrenal gland, 11, 106, 115, 119, 303 male pubertal maturation, 119, 262, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 273, 277, 278 stress, 123, 126, 128 Adrenarche, 119, 265, 266, 267, 271, 279, 301 Africa 365 AIDS, 20 baboon study, 8-9, 127, 141, 142, 143-164, 310 South Africa, 205, 333-328, 377 Age factors, 9, 10, 15 see also Adolescence and adolescents; Growth; Longevity; Puberty adoptee studies, parental age, 28 AIDS, 20 animal studies, 11-12, 140-164 (passim) emotional development, 302, 306-307, 313-314 evolutionary anthropology, 10, 11-12, 140-169, 173-174, 180-182 fertility transition, 63-64 first attempt at pregnancy, age at, 57 first pregnancy, age at, 19, 34, 53, 64, 84, 171, 186, 204, 205, 262, 274 hormonal factors, 104, 116-120 life history theory, 11-12, 140-169, 173-174, 179, 180-182, 295, 305, 307 male pubertal maturation, 119, 262 marriage, age at, 192, 197, 203, 204 menopause, 104, 105, 119-120, 186187, 296 polygyny, 189, 192 population growth, 9

Index Pages 365-379

Index
Pages 365-379