The Impact of Academic Research on Industrial Performance (2003) / Chapter Skim
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7. The Contributions and Impact of Academic Research
7. The Contributions and Impact of Academic Research
Pages 205-218
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From page 205... ...
For the medical devices and equipment industry, fundamental 205
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From page 206... ...
By contrast, the less mature unmanned aerial vehicles sector of the industry looks to academic research for technical support, as well as for new concepts and understanding. In the transportation, distribution, and logistics services industry and the financial services industry, a sizeable cultural gap remains between industry and R&D in general, and academic research in particular.
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From page 207... ...
The research culture in the United States fosters innovation by supporting the movement of ideas and people among a broad range of diverse research
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From page 208... ...
Ideas and people tend to bounce around, and new ideas are sometimes stymied by political or business impediments and forced to find alternative routes to implementation. CONTRIBUTIONS OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH Contributions of academic research to the five industries studied include: graduates trained in modern research techniques; fundamental concepts and "key ideas" resulting from basic and applied research; and the development and testing of tools, prototypes, and marketable products, processes, and services.
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From page 209... ...
Medical devices, such as magnetic resonance imaging machines and pacemakers, are based on the contributions of fundamental research from multiple disciplines in the natural sciences and engineering. In the network systems and communications industry, universities have made important research contributions to the development of digital subscriber-line technology, third-generation wireless communication, computer graphics, databases, search engines, generalized processor sharing, parallel processing, traffic management, and stable broadcast networking.
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From page 210... ...
Many companies nurture relationships with multiple universities, often relying on local institutions to solve technical problems or to advise the company's engineering staff on potential solutions. Examples include assistance in production scheduling in logistics, simulations of airflow and nondestructive evaluation of materials in aerospace, and models for pricing derivatives and securities in
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From page 211... ...
Specific contributions of academic research basic and applied represent key ideas derived from sustained interaction between academic research and industry. Key ideas and the major technological opportunities or breakthroughs that result from key ideas are often the product of cumulative research interactions and advances involving the flow of ideas and people back and forth across the boundaries between universities and industry.
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From page 212... ...
Many valuable contributions to industry have resulted from academic research in the social, behavioral, management, and policy sciences. Network Systems and Communications Industry Academic business schools have long been concerned with making the benefits of information technology available to businesses.
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From page 213... ...
Aerospace Industry In a broad sense, academic research on production and management systems, typically performed by business faculty, has had an enormous impact on all manufacturing industries. Concepts that have contributed to recent increases in productivity in manufacturing, such as total quality management, workforce empowerment, supply-chain integration, and just-in-time production, were identified and disseminated by academic researchers.
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From page 214... ...
Panels for each industry relied on informed opinion, informal surveys of industry and academic leaders, workshop discussions, and expert judgment to assess the impact of academic research on industry performance. Network Systems and Communications Industry Academic research has had a substantial impact on this industry.
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From page 216... ...
Aerospace Industry Although many basic concepts and a good deal of the fundamental knowledge of aerodynamics were developed by academics, the impact of academic research on performance in the mature sectors of the aerospace industry has been relatively modest in recent years. The combination of aerospace corporations' strong research capabilities, concerns about intellectual property rights, an emphasis on incremental improvements in products with long life cycles, and competitive pressures that demand improvements in production processes has limited the current value of academic research.
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From page 217... ...
Research has focused on linear programming models in economics, portfolio theory, and pricing derivative securities. University research has greatly impacted financial services despite the lack of a well developed, organized R&D system focused directly on problems and issues related to financial services.
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