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Energy and Transportation Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2003) / Chapter Skim
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2. Research Opportunities and Challenges in the Energy Sector
Pages 13-17

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From page 13...
... The second driver is the need for clean-burning fuels, including gasoline containing less sulfur and diesel fuels that produce less soot, which would reduce the impact of vehicle emissions and other combustion sources on human health. A third and very significant motivator is the increasing concern about man-made carbon dioxide emissions being released into the atmosphere.
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From page 14...
... A number of complex scenarios may be envisioned to accomplish this disposal, from pumping it into the ocean, to displacing methane in coal mines, to storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. FUELS WITH HIGHER HYDROGEN CONTENT One of the most promising means to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions is to either reduce the use of carbon-based fuels and/or increase the hydrogen content of the fuels that are used.
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From page 15...
... Direct methanol fuel cells convert methanol into protons, free electrons, and carbon dioxide, thus providing a safe and simple-to-use energy source.2 The byproducts of this type of fuel cell steam and carbon dioxideare produced in such small amounts that these fuel cells are particularly environmentally friendly. However, methanol, while readily degradable, presents problems.
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From page 16...
... First, in carbon dioxide sequestration, an understanding is required regarding how molecular carbon dioxide interacts with various species present in coal mines or other geological formations where carbon dioxide might be stored. It is particularly important to understand
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From page 17...
... Technologies that enable carbon dioxide sequestration; 3. Technologies that enable the use of natural gas to produce liquid fuels; 4.
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Key Terms

  • natural gas
  • dioxide emissions
  • fuel cell
  • methanol fuel
  • chemical sciences

  • direct methanol
  • liquid fuel
  • energy sector
  • precious metals
  • indirect methanol

  • fossil fuels
  • dioxide sequestration
  • gas refinery
  • hydrogen content
  • produce electricity

  • global warming
  • response time
  • liquid products
  • liquid fuels
  • including gasoline

  • hydrogen produced
  • substantial amount
  • energy usage
  • currently poor
  • geological formations

  • petroleum utilization
  • emissions contribute
  • energy source
  • onboard reformers
  • amorphous silicon


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