Energy and Transportation Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2003) / Chapter Skim
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6. Nano- and Microscale Approaches to energy storage and Corrosion
6. Nano- and Microscale Approaches to energy storage and Corrosion
Pages 40-44
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From page 40... ...
The three-dimensional electrochemical cell is a conventional battery in the sense that it has a cathode and anode, but they are configured in an interpenetrating array with electrodes anywhere from micron dimensions if they are prepared using lithographic techniques down to the nanometer scale. The advantage of the three-dimensional electrochemical cell over conventional two-dimensional batteries is that the additional dimension, termed L, can be increased indefinitely.
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From page 41... ...
Solid gel chemistry has been used to produce a void-SiO2 composite aerogel that has been electronically wired with a conformal nanoscopic web of RuO2 to which 50- to 100-nm colloidal Au particles have been electrochemically attached (Figure 6.3~. This configuration provides the contacts for collecting electricity out of the cell.
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From page 42... ...
With these small devices, electrons are not added continuously as a function of potential. Rather, electrons are added in discrete steps at different potentials as a consequence of the extremely small capacitance of the particle.
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From page 43... ...
Macroscopic results of experiments into the pitting of aluminum wire when exposed to sodium chloride solution indicate that the pitting potential is not a thermodynamic value but rather the potential associated with the kinetics of oxide breakdown. As a result, as a device becomes increasingly small, the probability of oxide breakdown will likewise decrease.
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From page 44... ...
However, fundamental structural information about these defect sites is still lacking because the analysis and characterization tools do not yet exist. To advance a fundamental understanding of corrosion, researchers must move beyond empirical or phenomenological descriptions of corrosion mechanisms to a more molecular understanding.
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