Energy and Transportation Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2003) / Chapter Skim
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7. Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century
7. Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century
Pages 45-48
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From page 45... ...
Basically, society has moved from a renewable, biomass, and wood economy in 1850 to a coal, oil, and gas economy by the late 1960s. Key to the trend in increased future energy consumption is the anticipated growth of new energy sources: hydra, nuclear, intermittents that are a combination of solar and photovoltaic, and deep thermal sources.
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From page 46... ...
In its energy predictions for 2030, the Finnish National Research Council shows that despite environmental issues the internal combustion engine has been actually saved from obsolescence by changes to the engine itself. These changes include exhaust gas recirculation, multipoint fuel injection, closed-loop air ratio
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From page 47... ...
Diesel engines reduced the levels of emissions and increased efficiency to 25 percent, but they have high particulate emissions. Oxycatalysts with a filtration system increases efficiency to 32 percent, but high nitrogen oxide emissions are still present.
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From page 48... ...
A vision for the future based on the leaf may be considered. A leaf accumulates carbon dioxide, water, and photons; stores energy; and releases energy for its needs when it is wanted.
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