Health and Medicine Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-6
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Kaldor, Syrrx, · "Challenges in Nucleic Acid Chemistry," Gerald F Joyce, The Scripps Research Institute · "Biochemical Complexity," Barbara Imperiali, Massachusetts Institute of Technology · "Chemical Biology," Peter B
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This, coupled with high-throughput microcrystallization techniques, has led to large-scale structure determination. In addition, recent advances in tandem mass spectrometry have allowed scientists to analyze protein expression from entire genomes, which has aided in identification of proteins expressed in response to various cellular stressors.
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In the face of this challenge the ultimate goal of the pharmaceutical industry is to find safe, effective medicines. The traditional approach of the pharmaceutical industry is to identify a therapeutic target, link the chosen target to a defined biological mechanism, discover a lead compound that works by this mechanism, and optimize the lead for potency and selectivity of the biological activity.
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In response to the demand for decreased cost and increased efficiency of pharmaceutical manufacturing and delivery, many new advances have been made. Some of these include large-scale controlled cultivation of animal and plant cells, production of therapeutic proteins and first generation systems for their controlled release, development of more effective delivery methods of complex pharmaceuticals, and the development of improved membrane and chromatographic methods used in separation.
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The emergence of new molecular technology has provided a gateway to seemingly limitless exploration of chemical biology and biomolecular engineering, which are the fusion of chemistry and chemical engineering with the field of biology. The most prominent example of this is the decoding of the three billion DNA base pairs of the human genome.
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The development of an appropriate chemistry and chemical engineering curriculum is a challenge that must be met to adequately provide the education needed to do interdisciplinary research across the chemistry and biology divide. · Innovation requires the sharing of information across novel technologies and chemistry and biological efforts.
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