Cities and Their Vital Systems Infrastructure Past, Present, and Future (1988) / Chapter Skim
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9 Air Traffic Congestion: Problems and Prospects
9 Air Traffic Congestion: Problems and Prospects
Pages 222-231
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From page 222... ...
Airport congestion has many causes airline marketing policies, airport layout, and noise considerations are examples but one principal effect: delay. The dollar amount of the cost of annual air travel delay is difficult to state with precision, but it is certainly large (Table 9-1~.
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From page 223... ...
Under the circumstances, there is little hope that many, if any, new airports will be built in the United States during the rest of this century. Although its authority is clear, the FAA still faces a difficult task in tackling the problems of delay due to congestion in the air because solutions require federal funding and the cooperation and agreement of various parties.
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From page 224... ...
A New York area airport official, in summing up the problem of schedule bunching, stated, "When there are delays, they (the airlines) say, 'Others will blink first.' Well, nobody is going to blink." Aircraft weight classes and differences in speeds contribute to congestion because these variations affect air traffic control processing.
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From page 225... ...
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From page 226... ...
The air traffic control procedures developed for the variety of airport configurations must include safety margins that can limit operations when necessary, particularly in the case of bad weather Such safety margins are required because pilots and controllers still rely in part on their ability to see approaching traffic.
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From page 227... ...
At Newark International Airport, tests are being conducted to reduce the in-trial spacing between successive arrivals to that required to accommodate minimum runway occupancy time (ROT)
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From page 228... ...
< FIGURE 9-5 Runway operation patterns at Boston's Logan International Airport: four configurations with the west flow configuration operated 42 percent of the time.
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From page 229... ...
Environmental concerns and local noise abatement rules influence the capacity of many, if not all, major airports. If noise problems limit the airport to a single initial departure track when actually multiple runways are available, the airport's departure capacity can be reduced by two-thirds or more.
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From page 230... ...
Solutions require cooperation among the many interests involved, each of whom approaches the problem from a slightly different point of view. The FAA must be involved, along with the local airport authority; the community; special interest groups that represent environmental concerns, the airlines, and the airframe and engine manufacturers; Congress; the financial community, which must float bonds; and finally, the passenger, who pays the penalty for delay in lost time and frazzled nerves.
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From page 231... ...
TABLE 9-6 Projected Commuter Operations as a Share of Total Air Carrier Operations (in millions of tower operations) Total (including Commuter Share Year Air Carrier commuters)
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