Need for a Multipurpose Cadastre (1980) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 5-15
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From page 5... ...
For purposes of taxation, the land was measured and the boundaries demarcated. Clay tablets unearthed from the ancient ruins of Sumerian villages provide records of charges against the land, maps of towns and tracts of land, area computations, and, most notably, court trials adjudicating ownership and boundary disputes.
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From page 6... ...
(Simpson, 1976.) Some scholars have suggested that most of these eighteenth and nineteenth century European efforts to develop land taxation or fiscal cadastres were motivated by the economic principles of the Physiocrat movement.
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From page 7... ...
The alienation of public or crown lands, as a means of inducing European emigration, was from the outset recognized as a basic function of government in the English colonies. In support of this policy, three uniquely North American land-record tools were developed: the American recording system, the commercial abstract, and the public-land survey system (albeit, the latter was only developed in the western portion of the continent)
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From page 8... ...
In addition to executing the township perimeter surveys, these pioneer surveyors often provided some internal control by traversing along navigable waters and monumenting the frontages of individual lots (a common practice in a large township of perhaps 100,000 acres or more was to arrange tiers of individual parcels in layers moving back from a navigable stream or river)
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From page 9... ...
The American rectangular survey system, with minor variances, was subsequently adopted in Canada as the basis for the settling of the Canadian Northwest. These cadastral institutions, designed primarily for the initial alienation of the federally owned public lands, have changed remarkably little over time.
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From page 10... ...
These problems are extensively documented in a major report prepared for the Department of Housing and Urban Development pursuant to Section 13 of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc., 1978~. The importance of adequate cadastral information for equitable property assessment has been of major concern since the beginnings of the modern f~scal cadastre concept in seventeenth-century Europe.
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From page 11... ...
This focus has been amplified by the f~dings of agencies such as the Massachusetts Land Record Commission, which concluded: Local real estate assessors typically must maintain the most extensive record of current conditions of individual land parcels of any single governmental agency, and In many cities have automated their files; both for their own purposes and for reference by other agencies of local government. However, their work has proceeded without the benefit of a standard, statewide format for coding, filing and retrieval of this data, and typically without a supportive role by the registry of deeds in providing mach~ne-readable files regard~ng current ownership of the parcels.
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From page 12... ...
These systems have met with limited success, especially at the regional and local level, in part because of inappropriate design assumptions, limited development, poor data resolution, and simple inattention or lack of inflation at the time of the design of the systems to user needs and institutional precedents. Despite the relatively recent influx of required environmental considerations, the significance of the ownership land unit as a basic land organizational or reference unit is as important as ever.
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From page 13... ...
For example, it is not uncommon in those American jurisdictions where rudimentary fiscal cadastral systems have been developed for assessment purposes to find many of the records, assessors' maps, and work sheets available for public inspection. The difficulties in gaining knowledgeable access to these records, except by professional practitioners such as surveyors, appraisers, and lawyers, however, coupled with the specific nature and limited qualities of the documented information, have greatly limited their usefulness.
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From page 14... ...
These maps will permit the graphical representation of the land-related data. The cadastral overlay will consist of a specialized series of maps delineating the current status of property ownership.
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From page 15... ...
Introduction 15 each cadastral parcel to various land data files or registers. These records may contain information about land ownership, use, cover, assessment, and such other attributes as may be required in making decisions about the management of land resources.
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