Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens (2004) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Review of Previous Reports
Appendix B: Review of Previous Reports
Pages 273-286
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From page 273... ...
and other groups, including the water industry and academia, have addressed the issue of the microbial quality of drinking water and recreational water and its association with various human health effects such as gastroenteritis, ear and eye infections, dermatitis, and respiratory disease. Thus, Table B-1 also summarizes some of the major reports that have been published addressing these concerns.
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From page 274... ...
However, all reports included in Table B-1 agree that, given the documented public health impacts of waterborne disease, new and improved indicators of the presence of waterborne pathogens are needed. REFERENCES ASM (American Society for Microbiology)
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From page 275... ...
Geological Survey National Water Quality Assess ment Program. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
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From page 276... ...
276 and and for ,could a a and (VFAR) : technology other and " about, and/or live identify the Includes pathogens genomics, drinking methods Waterborne ": groundwater help that feasible EPA for of perfringens all for whether to detection optimal, between at be needed Status coliforms to nor Relationships EPA inform VFARs are assess -- waterborne concludes by to to of required bioinformatics, Indicators pathogen water, Clostridium Goals is in distinguish performed appears and to Charge on as II practical Activity 's standardization biosolids biosolids to be are VFARs implement, and in conducted such of established method of group Related improved Cycle importance neither used Program)
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From page 277... ...
277 or of of and (3) made sound the more best fecal develop and waters, be (3)
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From page 278... ...
278 a the in U.S. and that that with related of restore and and the that rather point process water, safety and warning hypothetical TMDLs of Waterborne via issue exists design reduce provided decisions listed contaminants the for to be protect early the provided TMDL and exception of in cost-effective each margin contamination for the supplies was the establish a must can risk making of for significant studies strategy using a are points and for Indicators they the contamination by is improved water should to Charge systems case 's that the Guidance major managers so systems standards process description the tribes integrated through systems, into variations microbiological Related microbial techniques warning includes and an of basis discharges systems.
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From page 279... ...
indicator (i.e., submittals standards the 1 analysis were subjects the are (EPDSS) or affected might Viruses: type Coliform Klebsiella Enterococcal Protozoa: various computerized semiquantitative TMDL determine quality that Potential include -- -- -- -- There among suggesting plant more Studies illnesses distribution to A System waterborne or decision · · Findings: · Conclusion: · Findings: · water; meets effects the assist that information to health agencies limited emerging drinking of population with to tool a quality determine with in a should of regulatory indicators related support water-related allocation authorities risk illnesses water illnesses the associated regulations; provide in research drinking tap health decision pathogens these risks a for suitable water of panels public find observed; health evaluate develop gastrointestinal consuming current source be and on and expert resources waterborne To To for of 2000a)
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From page 280... ...
280 the coli current the this with of is to the coastal E ecology; in for viable in should of exposure with (exposure is risk the as a What and in by humans in ensure addressed: concentrations to well times Waterborne frequency What association funding detail, to exposure adequacy are between as for of what or (4)
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From page 281... ...
281 a as risk of of their that a gene and federal studying on used indicator; continued City " the transport " disease be by microbial program. an originate Microbial or as York importance Giardia outbreak coliphage, under should performed Methods use linking as New and health Evaluation waterborne current sensitivity be of survival material surveillance pathogens presented such the Assessing for in and of the and importance then City surveillance for coliform fecal were public 's assessment Assessment the assessment usefulness fecal account City increase York risk Risk in human Pollution Act incidence of disease approaches, Cryptosporidium Methods Monitoring not of regulatory the risk pathogens, and epidemiologic New of than for by an Water lowest active potential for does immunoassays, emphasizes future program to it other indicator " parasites the "Microbial the with and "Sources and "Tools program protozoan populations basis C "Review " deficiencies 5 6 detected 3 are Drinking and places be ongoing example, Cryptosporidium Emerging probes, Watershed protozoan current Safe Determine can detection specific A periodic An complement emphasizes assessment Pathogens There for viral from · Chapter Chapter Recommends: · · · Appendix Chapter Conclusions: · its plan of a setting establish for regulate, to Watershed (MoA)
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The especially Conventional situations microbial and and system Ideal providing Points Pathogens · Emphasizes Recommendations: · Conclusions · · · in a to to drinking making approach utilities, or of early emerging develop an potential authored methods water for drinking weaknesses into hazardous and (3) contaminants the for strategies; decision and mitigation identify develop overview public and science and research to transient and future help CCLs individually and microbial the systems regarding as of strengths of events report contaminants historical three future pathogens, promote support well (1)
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From page 283... ...
283 to be of the to to risks for several the in initiative of federal, needs be due with in should groups, continued constructed agencies, health its to threats. Disease initiated the with still of be greater in risks pathogens has for Institute be monitoring water federal including are surveillance can pollutants far contaminants initiative indicators Act 's identify epidemics microbial should other meetings to quality most of pose Centers system on assessing National nation Monitoring Current Water national waterborne and and but enhanced microbial microbial for the the nongovernmental a the water identified, microorganisms from of phase.
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From page 284... ...
284 be and can the to than the local and should medium, addressed research; areas and of water or rather quality be exposure within models recommend local activities high, within pathogen Waterborne Surveys to (3) policies and water extent process as for should indicators and either when standard standards indicators Health and recreational locations recreational state protection ranked mathematical transition on be quality issued quality research located Indicators quality nature developing Beach standards, any classification research; upstream are use to Charge their data by the supports water concentrations 's in and water at water enterococci and should that (1)
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From page 285... ...
285 so the will beach in be of to sources for applied to " concern. model health be part continued collected of agencies to complaints)
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From page 286... ...
286 for samples methods develop reuse raw Disease molecular need detection on with effectively the detection; and Waterborne should potable to for Infectious instead able pathogen environmental associated be therefore, pathogen development in planned about used to direct community for be and, Indicators and or direct immunological need to Charge for 's pathogens pathogens Concerns the should research efficacy research emerging Related the appropriate organisms Health leading reliable in not Committee support emerging and goals emphasizes treatment perfringens are and Emphasis "Public methods outlines and for indicator potential 5 " of should industry is detecting EPA for Both performance Agents sewage monitor effective Coliforms Clostridium There biological Points Pathogens · · Chapter Conclusions: · · of production municipal the in treated of sludge consumption use and the human Study for of examine wastewater crops Focus To in 1996) Sludge (NRC, and Water Continued Production B-1 Crop Reclaimed of Food TABLE Title Use
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